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"ABSTRAKTahun 1992, Raja Fahd bin Abdul Aziz melakukan reformasi di pemerintahan monarki yang mengarah pada demokratisasi, dengan menerbitkan dekrit No.1 yang tercantum empat agenda. Salah satu pointnya yaitu pembentukan Majelis al-Syura propinsi (dewan kota). ini dilakukan dengan melibatkan partisipasi warga saudi pada pemilihan umum untuk memilih dan dipilih menjadi anggota dewan kota. Tesis ini menjelaskan sistem pemilu Arab Saudi dan implikasi partisipasi warga saudi pada pemilu 2005 terhadap perkembangan demokrasi disana. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Untuk menganalisis sistem dan partisipasi politik di saudi, digunakan konsep demokrasi, sistem pemilihan umum, dan partisipasi politik.Pemilu dewan kota menggunakan sistem First Past the Post pada Single-Member District. Bentuk partisipasi melalui kampanye yang menarik perhatian masyarakat dengan berbagai taktik dan programnya dan pemberian suara cenderung apatis, hanya mencapai 17% dari keseluruhan warga saudi. Penerapan Sistem pemilu dan partisipasi masyarakat berimplikasi bagi perkembangan demokrasi di Arab Saudi. Dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian ini yang mana masyarakat semakin aktif diranah publik dan hubungan antara masyarakat dan pejabat pemerintah semakin membaik. Kebijakan yang dahulu terfokus pada persoalan luar negeri, dialihkan pada urusan dalam negeri. Kebebasan berekspresi dan keteraturan dalam proses penyelenggaraan pemilu, menjadi sinyal positif bagi keberlangsungan pemilu kedepan.

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ABSTRACTIn 1992, King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz did reformation to monarchy government leading to democratization, by issuing the decree No. 1 mentioning four agendas. One of the points was the formation of al-Shura assemblies at provincial level (municipal councils). This was performed with the participation of Saudi citizens in the general election to elect and to be elected as members of municipal councils. This thesis describes the general election system in Saudi Arabia and the implications of Saudi Arabia citizen participation in the general elections year 2005 to the development of democracy there. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive analytic methods. To analyze the system and political participation in Saudi Arabia, the democracy concept, electoral system, and political participation were used.General elections of municipal council used First Past the Post system in Single-Member District. The form of participation was through campaigns that attracted people with different tactics and programs and the voting tended apathetic, only reached 17% of all Saudi Arabia citizens. The implementation of the general election system and the citizen participation had implications to the development of democracy in Saudi Arabia. It can be seen from the results of this study in which citizen were increasingly active in public domain and the relationship between citizen and government officials got better. Previous policies which were focused on foreign issues were transferred on domestic affairs. Expression freedom and regularity in the general elections process became a positive signal for the sustainability of general election in the future."

"ABSTRAKHubungan bilateral antara Indonesia dan Arab Saudi mencakup hubungan dalam pengelolaan haji, pendidikan, ketenagakerjaan, keamanan, dan perdagangan. Dari hubungan bilateral tersebut, tesis ini membahas tentang hubungan perdagangan Indonesia dan Arab Saudi tahun 2004 ndash; 2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teori ekonomi politik perspektif nasionals dan konsep perdagangan internasional keunggulan absolut. Hubungan perdagangan yang diteliti mengenai politik perdagangan, potensi komoditas perdagangan, dan dinamika perdagangan. Tesis ini menemukan bahwa kedua negara melakukan politik perdagangan dengan tujuan kepentingan negaranya. Hubungan perdagangan kedua negara secara politik tidak memiliki kedekatan meskipun dalam bidang ekonomi Arab Saudi adalah mitra terbesar perdagangan di Timur Tengah. Indonesia dan Arab Saudi pun memiliki potensi komoditas yang besar baik migas atau non-migas. Indonesia memiliki potensi lebih besar karena keberagaman komoditas ekspor dibandingkan Arab Saudi yang bertumpu pada migas, polipropelina, dan etilen. Komoditas yang diperdagangkan oleh Indonesia dan Arab Saudi menunjukkan bahwa mereka melakukan perdagangan dengan konsep keunggulan absolut. Selain itu, dinamika perdagangan keduanya fluktuatif dengan neraca perdagangan Indonesia yang defisit sedangkan Arab Saudi berada dalam zona surplus. Dinamika perdagangan tersebut pun telah menjadi pola dan sulit untuk diubah karena kebutuhan minyak Indonesia yang tinggi untuk ketahanan energi atau pemenuhan konsumsi domestik.

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ABSTRACTThe bilateral relations between Indonesia and Arab Saudi consist of hajj management, education, employment, security, and trade. From that bilateral relationship, this thesis explains the trade relationship between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia from 2004 to 2014. The method that used in this research is qualitative method with political economy theory of national perspective and international trade concept of absolute advantage. The research consists of trade politics, the potential of trade commodities, and the dynamics of the trade. This thesis finds that both countries engage in trade politics with the aim of their countries interest. The trade relations between the two countries are politically disproportionate although in the economic field Saudi Arabia is the largest trading partner in the Middle East. Indonesia and Saudi Arabia also have large potential commodities in both oil and gas or non oil and gas commodities. Indonesia has a greater potential because of the diversity of export commodities compared to Saudi Arabia which is based on oil and gas, polypropelina and ethylene. The commodities traded by Indonesia and Saudi Arabia show that the trade with the absolute concept. Furthermore, the trade dynamics is fluctuated with Indonesia 39 s deficit in their trade balance while Saudi Arabia is in a surplus zone. The trade dynamics have become patterns and are difficult to change due to Indonesia 39 s high oil demand for energy security or fulfillment of domestic consumption."

"Male guardianship adalah konsep untuk keamanan perempuan Saudi di area publik. Konsep tersebut merupakan proteksi bagi perempuan untuk berkontribusi di ranah sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Male guardianship terhubung pada budaya patriarki. Hal itu memunculkan diskriminasi dan subordinasi pada posisi perempuan---Perempuan Saudi tidak memiliki kesempatan untuk aktif di publik dan terjadi pembatasan akses seperti larangan menyetir, terlibat dalam reformasi politik, keaktifan dalam komunitas sosial, pembatasan lahan pekerjaan sesuai kemampuan mereka, pembatasan mata kuliah dalam pendidikan dan lain-lain. Kasus-kasus tersebut merupakan permasalahan Hak Asasi Manusia di Arab Saudi. Puteri Ameera Al-Taweel, Pangeran Al-Waleed bin Abd. Aziz yakni dua elite yang memproteksi kebijakan kaku bagi perempuan di KSA dan mereka mendukung perempuan untuk bebas dan mendapatkan hak asasi mereka. Respon dalam memprotes isu perempuan telah dilakukan oleh Raja Abdullah bin Abd. Aziz. Tahun 2005 merupakan tahun transformasi kebijakan Raja Abdullah bin Abd. Aziz. Perempuan Saudi diberi hak untuk berkontribusi sesuai dengan kebutuhan proyek modernisasi dan sebagai langkah priventif untuk membatasi dominasi elite baru di KSA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-eksplanasi dengan teorisasi induksi dan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder dalam menganalisis kasus perempuan.

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Male guardianship is the concept to secure Saudi women in public area. It is protection for women to contribute in social, economic, politic situations. Male guardianship related Patriarkh culture. It causes to emerge discrimination and subordination in women position---Women do not have chances to active in public and limited access such as forbiden for women to drive, join in political reform, active in social community, limitation in getting work as good as their capibility, limited major in education etc. Thoses are the cases in Saudi women human rights. Princess Ameera Al-Taweel, Prince Al Waleed bin Abd. Aziz are two of elites that protest the rigid women policy in KSA and they supporting women to be free and get the human rights. Responses to hid protest and women issue have been done by Abdullah bin Abd. Aziz King. In 2005, Abdullah bin Abd. Aziz King becomes transformation in women policy. Women are given rights to contribute as need for Saudi modernitation projects and preventing step to limit domination new elite in KSA. This research uses qualitatif-explanation method within the induction theory and uses primer and secondary data to analysis women case."

"[ABSTRAK Jurnal ini membahas tentang Festival Janadriyah di Arab Saudi. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metodologi kualitatif. Festival Janadriyah merupakan festival budaya terbesar di Arab Saudi bahkan di Jazirah Arab dan puncak dari berbagai festival budaya di Arab Saudi. Ciri khas dari festival ini adalah balap unta yang selalu diikuti ribuan peserta dari berbagai daerah dan negara. Festival ini diselenggarakan oleh Garda Nasional Arab Saudi. Peserta dari festival ini adalah seluruh provinsi yang memamerkan dan menampilkan budaya dan tradisi masing-masing. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa organisai pemerintah dan perusahaan ternama. Negara asing juga ikut berpartisipasi dalam festival ini sebagai peserta kehormatan. Terdapat tiga bagian utama dalam rangkaian acara festival ini, yaitu pameran seni dan budaya, balap unta, dan pameran sejarah Kerajaan Arab Saudi. Pameran lain dari beberapa organisai pemerintahan dan perusahaan ternama di Arab Saudi. Festival ini sangat menarik dan bertujuan untuk melestarikan budaya dan sejarah Arab Saudi.ABSTRACT This journal discusses Janadriyah Festival in Saudi Arabia. The methodology used was a qualitative methodology. Janadriyah Festival is the biggest cultural festival in Saudi Arabia throughout Arabian Peninsula. It is also the culmination of all cultural festivals in Saudi Arabia. The distinctive feature of this festival is camel race which is always followed by thousands of participants from different regions and countries. The festival is organized by the National Guard of Saudi Arabia. The participants of the festival are all provinces which exhibits and showcases each culture and tradition. There are also several government organizations and leading companies which taking part in this event. Foreign countries also participated in this festival as honorary participants. There are three main parts of the series of events in this festival, they are exhibition of art and culture, camel race, and exhibition of history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Exhibition from some government organizations and leading companies in Saudi Arabia are also there. This festival is not only interesting and but it also preserves the culture and history of Saudi Arabia., This journal discusses Janadriyah Festival in Saudi Arabia. The methodology used was a qualitative methodology. Janadriyah Festival is the biggest cultural festival in Saudi Arabia throughout Arabian Peninsula. It is also the culmination of all cultural festivals in Saudi Arabia. The distinctive feature of this festival is camel race which is always followed by thousands of participants from different regions and countries. The festival is organized by the National Guard of Saudi Arabia. The participants of the festival are all provinces which exhibits and showcases each culture and tradition. There are also several government organizations and leading companies which taking part in this event. Foreign countries also participated in this festival as honorary participants. There are three main parts of the series of events in this festival, they are exhibition of art and culture, camel race, and exhibition of history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Exhibition from some government organizations and leading companies in Saudi Arabia are also there. This festival is not only interesting and but it also preserves the culture and history of Saudi Arabia.]"