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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui preferensi pakan kupu-kupu terhadap beberapa jenis herba liar yaitu Tridax procumbens, Asystasia gangetica, Cyanthillium cinereum, dan Oxalis barrelieri yang ada di lahan terbuka Kampus Universitas Indonesia (UI) Depok. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui kupu-kupu juga memanfaatkan herba tersebut sebagai tumbuhan inang untuk peletakkan telurnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari?April 2016 di lima lokasi lahan terbuka Kampus UI Depok yaitu dekat gedung sabda widya, dekat pintu masuk hutan kota wales barat, belakang gedung PSJ, dekat area parkir motor gedung PPMT, dan dekat gedung DRPM. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat 11 jenis kupu-kupu dari famili Papilionidae (Papilio demoleus), Pieridae (Appias olferna, Delias hypareta, Eurema hecabe, Leptosia nina, Catopsilia pomona, Delias periboea) dan Nymphalidae (Junonia orithya, Hypolimnas bolina, Ypthima horsfieldii, dan Junonia almana) mengunjungi ke-empat jenis herba liar. Sebanyak 8 jenis kupu-kupu menyukai herba liar Tridax procumbens dan Asystasia gangetica. Lima jenis kupu-kupu menyukai Oxalis barrelieri dan 2 jenis menyukai Cyanthillium cinereum. Preferensi pakan kupu-kupu dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu struktur dan daya tarik bunga, ketersediaan tumbuhan di lokasi penelitian, dan sindroma bunga yang disukai oleh kupu-kupu. Tumbuhan pakan kupu-kupu dewasa berbeda dengan tumbuhan tempat kupu-kupu meletakkan telur.

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This study was conducted to determine the preferences of butterflies feed on some kind of wild herbs such as Tridax procumbens, Asystasia gangetica, Cyanthillium cinereum, and Oxalis barrelieri at the Universitas Indonesia (UI) Depok open land. Moreover, the study also conducted to determine whether the butterflies also use herbs as host plants for laying eggs. The experiment was conducted in February ? April 2016 in five locations open land UI Depok Campus. The locations are closed by Sabda Widya Building, near by the entrance of the Wales Barat Woods, behind the PSJ Building, parking area near by the PPMT Building, and near by the DRPM Building. The results revealed that there are 11 species of butterfly of the family Papilionidae (Appias olferna), Pieridae (Appias olferna, Delias hypareta, Eurema hecabe, Leptosia nina, Catopsilia pomona, Delias periboea), and Nymphalidae (Junonia orithya, Hypolimnas bolina, Ypthima horsfieldii, dan Junonia almana) visited all four kinds of wild herbs. Eight species of butterflies like Tridax procumbens andAsystasia gangetica. Five species of butterflies like Oxalis barrelieri and two species like Cyanthillium cinereum. Butterfly feeding preferences are influenced by the structure and appeal of the flower, plant availability in the study site, and the syndrome of flowers favored by butterflies. Plants that is adult butterfly?s feed preference is different from plants where butterflies lay its eggs."

"Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di dua lokasi berbeda yaitu cagar alam Rimbo Panti dan kawasan Wisata Lubuk Minturun Padang pada buan juni-juli 2003 dengan metode penelitian deksriptif Sampel diambil menggunakan jaring serangga di emapt area hutan, semak belukar, ladang dan aliran air. Analisis persamaan komunitas menunjukan 55% memiliki persamaan komunitas."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklim terhadap aktivitas kupu-kupu dalam berinteraksi dengan herba Asystasia gangetica di lahan terbuka Kampus Universitas Indonesia UI, Depok, Jawa Barat. Penelitian juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui periode kupu-kupu paling aktif mengunjungi herba A. gangetica. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret mdash;Mei 2018 di lima lokasi lahan terbuka. Lokasi penelitian merupakan lahan terbuka yang memiliki herba A. gangetica dalam jumlah besar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah random sampling. Ukuran setiap lokasi penelitian adalah 10 meter dan dibagi menjadi 8 plot penelitian berukuran 1m x 1m. Penentuan lokasi plot dilakukan menggunakan sistem grid. Kelimpahan kupu-kupu dibandingkan tiap jam untuk mengetahui periode terpadat kupu-kupu mengunjungi herba A. gangetica. Kupu-kupu yang ditemukan selama penelitian sebanyak 506 individu dari 26 jenis. Terdapat 6 jenis kupu-kupu yang selalu hadir di seluruh lokasi penelitian, yaitu Junonia atlites, Hypolimnas bolina, Ypthima horsfieldii, Appias olferna, Pelopidas conjunctus, dan Telicota augias. Pelopidas conjunctus merupakan jenis yang paling banyak mengunjungi herba Asystasia gangetica 104 individu dan frekuensi di atas 50 di seluruh lokasi penelitian . Iklim diduga menyebabkan P.conjunctus memilih herba A. gangetica sebagai tumbuhan pakan di Kampus UI, Depok. Perubahan iklim diduga menyebabkan kupu-kupu beraktivitas lebih awal untuk mengunjungi herba A. gangetica. Periode paling aktif kupu-kupu terjadi saat 09.00 mdash;10.00, pada saat itu kelimpahan jenis dan individu kupu-kupu tertinggi. Belum diketahui apakah pergeseran waktu mekar bunga herba A. gangetica akibat perubahan iklim.

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The study was conducted to determine the effect of climate in butterflies interactions with Asystasia gangetica herb in Universitas Indonesia UI, Depok, West Java open land. The study also used to determine butterflies most active periods when visiting Asystasia gangetica. The research was conducted in March mdash May 2018 at five open land locations. The research sites is an open land that had alot of Asystasia gangetica herbs. This study used random sampling method. The research locations is 10 meters that were divided into 8 plots of 1m x 1m. Plot locations was determined by using grid system. Butterflies abundance data was compared to each hour to find out the most active periods of butterfies visit Asystasia gangetica herb. During the study, there were 506 individuals from 26 species of butterflies that were found. There were 6 species of butterflies found in all research locations, namely Junonia atlites, Hypolimnas bolina, Ypthima horsfieldii, Appias olferna, Pelopidas conjunctus, and Telicota augias. Pelopidas conjuctus was found the most visiting Asystasia gangetica herbs 104 individuals and frequency more than 50 in all research locations . Climate is suspected make P. conjunctus choose A. gangetica as food plant in UI Depok campus. Climate change was thought of causing butterflies visit A. gangetica more early. The most active period occur during 09.00 mdash 10.00, due to the highest abundance of individuals and species of butterflies. There was no known shift in blooming periods of A. gangetica herb due to climate change."

"COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia pada 2020 hingga 2022. Dari agen terapi yang direkomendasikan, nirmatrelvir dan ritonavir aktif bekerja langsung menargetkan virus. Kemudian berkembang berbagai peluang pengembangan obat yang menargetkan virus secara langsung, dan salah satu target yang menarik adalah papain-like protease (PLpro), yaitu proein yang berperan penting dalam replikasi virus. Beberapa bahan alam yang berpotensi diteliti aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap PLpro adalah bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea), daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.), dan jamblang (Syzygium cumini). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah memprediksi aktivitas penghambatan PLpro kandungan bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea), daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.), dan jamblang (Syzygium cumini) yang dilakukan dengan metode penambatan molekul (molecular docking) secara in silico, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji in vitro. Metode penambatan molekul divalidasi dengan metode redocking dan didapatkan nilai RMSD 0,728 Å yang berarti metode valid (RMSD<2,0 Å). Uji penambatan molekul ketiga tanaman tersebut menunjukkan hasil adanya kandungan senyawa yang berpotensi untuk menghambat aktivitas PLpro. Ligan dengan nilai afinitas ikatan ternegatif dari masing-masing tanaman adalah asam folat (jamblang) dengan nilai -8,3 kcal/mol; petunidin 3-glucoside (telang) dengan nilai -7,1 kcal/mol; dan (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (belimbing manis) dengan nilai -8,6 kcal/mol. Hasil uji in silico dikonfirmasi dengan uji in vitro yang dilakukan dengan fluorescence-based inhibitory assay menggunakan PLpro sebagai protein target, substrat Z-RLRGG-AMC, serta inhibitor kontrol GRL0617. Hasil uji in vitro mendapatkan nilai IC50 GRL0617 3,38 μM. Ekstrak herbal dengan persentase inhibisi terbaik adalah ekstrak tunggal jamblang dengan nilai 66,10%.

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COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus became the cause of the global pandemic from 2020 until 2022. Among currently recommended therapeutic agents, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir actively works by directly targeting the virus. This leads to various opportunities for developing drugs that acts directly on the structure of the virus. One interesting target for such drugs is the papain-like protease (PLpro) which is a protein that plays a significant role in viral replication. Several natural sources which has potential for their inhibitory activity against PLpro to be studied are butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Java plum (Syzygium cumini). This study aimed to predict the inhibitory activity against PLpro possessed by the chemical contents of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Java plum (Syzygium cumini) through molecular docking and in vitro assay. Prediction of inhibitory activity against PLpro was done using molecular docking. The molecular docking method was validated using redocking method and RMSD score of 0.728 Å was received. This indicated that the docking method was valid (RMSD<2.0 Å). Molecular docking result showed that all three plants contain chemicals that have potential to inhibit PLpro activity. Ligands with the lowest binding affinity from each plant are folic acid (Java plum) with a score of -8.3 kcal/mol; petunidin 3-glucoside (butterfly pea) with -7.1 kcal/mol; and (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (star fruit) with -8.6 kcal/mol. Results from in silico study were then confirmed through in vitro assay using fluorescence-based inhibitory assay using PLpro as target protein, Z-RLRGG-ACM as the substrate and GRL0617 as the control inhibitor. IC50 concentration result of GRL0617 was 3,38 μM. Herbal extract with the best inhibition percentage was found to be Java plum with an inhibition percentage of 66.10%."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan kesamaan jenis antar empat tipe habitat di Kampus UI, Depok. Penelitian menggunakan metode transek pada 11 lokasi pengamatan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wienner, indeks kemerataan, dan indeks kesamaan jenis antar tipe habitat. Kupu-kupu yang berhasil terkoleksi dan teramati sejumlah 856 individu yang termasuk ke dalam 46 spesies. Leptosia nina adalah jenis yang ditemukan di semua lokasi pengamatan dan Ypthima philomella adalah jenis yang paling melimpah (158 individu). Indeks keanekaragaman jenis tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi penelitian Hutan Kota titik 7 (H? = 2,81) dan terendah di Tanah Lapang Boulevard (H? = 1,21). Indeks kemerataan jenis tertinggi pada lokasi penelitian Hutan Kota titik 6 (E = 0.92), sedangkan yang terendah pada lokasi penelitian Tanah Lapang Boulevard (E = 0,49). Nilai indeks kesamaan jenis kupu-kupu antar lokasi penelitian tertinggi pada Hutan Kota 4 dan Hutan Kota 7 (IS = 0,71), sedangkan yang terendah pada Hutan Kota titik 6 dan Tanah Lapang Boulevard (IS = 0,15).

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A study of butterflies community was conducted in University of Indonesia Campus, Depok. The purpose of this study was to assess abundance, species diversity, evenness, and community similarities at four type of habitat located in University of Indonesia Campus, Depok. Observation were carried out in a standard transect method at 11 sites of habitats. Number of individuals of each species butterfly found in the transects were recorded. Data were analyzed using Shannon-Wienner diversity index, evenness index, and Sorensen index of similarities. This study observed 856 individuals of butterflies which consist of 47 species. Leptosia nina was found in all transects. Ypthima philomella was the most abundant species (158 individuals). The highest species diversity index was found in the urban forest at location 7 (H '= 2.81), and the lowest was in the open space area at Boulevard (H' = 1.21). The highest evenness index (E) was observed in the urban forest at location 6 (E = 0.92), and the lowest was the open space area at Boulevard (E = 0.49). This study found that the urban forest at location 4 and 7 had the highest similarity index (IS = 0.71), and the lowest was found between the urban forest at location 6 and the open space area at Boulevard (IS = 0.15)."

"ABSTRACTKupu-kupu termasuk serangga yang memanfaatkan nektar pada bunga sebagai sumber pakannya. Kupu ndash;kupu mengisap nektar dari bunga menggunakan probosis. Panjang probosis kupu ndash;kupu berhubungan dengan jenis bunga penghasil nektar yang dapat dikunjunginya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara panjang probosis kupu-kupu famili Pieridae dengan panjang tabung bunga penghasil nektar di Kampus UI Depok. Pengamatan kupu-kupu dan bunga yang dikunjungi dilakukan di sembilan lokasi dari bulan Maret hingga Mei 2018. Penelitian diawali dengan pendataan jenis kupu-kupu dan bunga yang dikunjunginya dengan metode purposive sampling, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan sampel jenis kupu-kupu dan bunga untuk diukur panjang probosis dan panjang tabungnya, masing-masing sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan. Kupu-kupu famili Pieridae yang berhasil ditemukan sebanyak sembilan jenis. Rata-rata panjang probosis kupu-kupu famili Pieridae berkisar 9-15,9 mm, dengan rata-rata panjang tabung bunga yang dikunjunginya berkisar 4,3-16,4 mm. Uji korelasi Spearman terhadap data panjang probosis kupu-kupu dan panjang tabung bunga, menghasilkan nilai r = 0,88, dengan nilai signifikasi sebesar p = 0,02, yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara panjang probosis kupu-kupu dengan panjang tabung bunga. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan kupu-kupu Pieridae cenderung mengunjungi bunga penghasil nektar yang memiliki panjang tabung bunga tidak lebih dari panjang probosisnya.

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ABSTRACTButterflies are insects that utilize nectar from flowers as a source of feed. Butterflies are sucking nectar from flowers using proboscis.The length of the butterfly proboscis is related to the type of nectar producing flowers that can be visited. The objective of this research is to know the correlation between proboscis length of the butterfly family Pieridae with the tube length of the nectar producing flower at UI Depok Campus. Observations of butterflies and flowers visited were conducted in nine locations from March to May 2018. The research begins with the data collection of butterflies and flowers visited by purposive sampling method, then continued by taking samples of butterflies and flowers to measure the length of proboscis and tube length, each of them with three repetitions. Butterflies of family Pieridae that was found during research are nine types. The average proboscis length of the butterfly family Pieridae ranges from 9 to 15.9 mm, with the average of tube length of flowers range from 4.3 to 16.4 mm. Spearman correlation test against data of the length of proboscis of butterfly and the length of the flower tube generate r 0.88, with a significance value of p 0.02, so there was a correlation between the length of the butterfly probes and the length of the flower tube. These results indicate Pieridae butterflies tend to visit nectar producing flowers that have a tube length of flowers no longer than the length of the proboscis."

"Swamp buffalo (Bubalus carabanensis ) is commanly raised traditionally in swamp areas with a water dept of more than 3.50 ...."