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"ABSTRAKPenekanan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mempelajari berbagai aspek berkaitan dengan tenaga kerja migran Indonesia yang pindah ke Malaysia untuk mencari cara untuk mendukung dan memberi kehidupan yang lebih baik kepada keluarga mereka di Republik Indonesia. Di antara fokus dari skripsi adalah untuk mengurai masalah dengan isu-isu terkait pada tenaga kerja migran, hak-hak universal mereka sebagai buruh migran, hukum yang berlaku di Malaysia untuk melindungi tenaga kerja migran dan implikasi penegakan hukum serta untuk langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk melindungi, dan memberikan keadilan kepada pekerja migran Indonesia di tempat kerja mereka. Metodologi tesis ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif studi kasus sosial-hukum pada isu-isu dan hukum bersangkutan untuk pengiriman dan penerimaan tenaga kerja migran Indonesia ke Malaysia. Skripsi ini menyarankan perlunya kerjasama erat antara Malaysia dan Indonesia untuk memastikan migran Indonesia dilindungi dan diberikan hak-hak dan keadilan bahwa karena kontribusi yang besar untuk kedua negara dalam hal pertumbuhan dan pembangunan ekonomi. Namun, karena hukum Malaysia yang berlaku di wilayah Kerajaan Malaysia, hal ini berarti semua orang tidak terkecuali termasuk warganegara dan tenaga kerja Migran Indonesia harus patuh dengan hukum terkait dalam migrasi yang di implementasikan di negara Malaysia. Dalam hal ini termasuk dokumentasi untuk masuk dan keluar negara, hukum tenaga kerja dan kebutuhan praktek dan hukum umum lain yang relevan dengan keselamatan dan keamanan dari negara penerima.

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ABSTRACT

The emphasis of this thesis is to study on various aspects in relation to Indonesian Labour Migrant that emigrate to Malaysia in search of better means of living to support their family in the Republic of Indonesia. Among the focus of the write-up is to deal with the related issues on migrant labour, their universal rights as migrant labour, the existing laws and its enforcement implications in Malaysia that protect migrant labour and the measures necessary to protect and provide justice to Indonesian Migrant Labour at their workplace. The methodology of this thesis is qualitative descriptive social-legal case study on the issues and the laws pertaining to the sending and the receiving of Indonesian Migrant labor in Malaysia. Thesis suggested that it needs close collaboration between Malaysia and Indonesia to ensure Indonesian Migrant Labour will be protected and given their rights and justice in view of their great contribution to both countries in terms of the countries economic growth and enrichment. However, since the Malaysia laws are sovereign in her country, this means everyone includes the citizen and the Indonesian Labour Migrants need to conform to the laws pertaining to migration practiced in the country. This includes documentation for entering and exiting the country, the labour laws and practice requirements, and other general laws relevant to safety and security of the receiving country."

""Examines the international relations of Southeast Asia, focusing on how these are affected by the special Indonesia-Malaysia bilateral relationship - Malaysia and Indonesia, although separate states, can be seen as constituting a single Indo-Malay cultural world"--"

"PT. Bursa Efek Indonesia (PT.BEI) merupakan sebuah bursa efek dengan bentuk badan hukum Perseroan Terbatas (PT), namun PT.BEI memiliki beberapa karakter yang berbeda dengan karakter badan hukumnya, dimana karakter tersebut lebih mencerminkan PT. BEI sebagai sebuah organisasi yang berbasis keanggotaan dibandingkan sebagai PT yang seharusnya merupakan sebuah persekutuan modal. Adapun pengesahan Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan membuka peluang demutualisasi bursa efek yang akan berimplikasi terhadap karakter dari PT. BEI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk badan hukum yang ideal serta meninjau implikasi demutualisasi bagi PT. BEI dengan mempelajari dan mengambil contoh best practice dari bursa efek di negara lain yang telah melakukan demutualisasi seperti Amerika Serikat, Belanda dan Hong Kong. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal dengan tipologi penelitian eksplanatoris. Adapun data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan diperkuat dengan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan bahwa bentuk badan hukum yang lebih ideal dengan karakteristik PT.BEI saat ini adalah Perkumpulan Berbadan Hukum. Adapun penerapan demutualisasi pada PT.BEI dapat menimbulkan implikasi positif antara lain meningkatkan daya saing PT.BEI secara global, meningkatkan rasa memiliki dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap pasar modal Indonesia, serta meningkatkan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik. Sementara implikasi negatif yang perlu menjadi perhatian adalah potensi benturan kepentingan dan potensi monopoli, untuk dapat meminimalisir potensi implikasi negatif tersebut dapat diterapkan beberapa solusi antara lain menyesuaikan beberapa peraturan pada PT.BEI, menetapkan batasan kepemilikan saham pada bursa efek, mendirikan bursa efek lain, serta menyesuaikan kewenangan SRO pada PT. BEI.

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Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) is a stock exchange with a legal entity in the form of a limited liability company. However, in carrying out its role as a stock exchange, IDX has several characteristics that differ from its legal entity, which more reflect IDX as a membership-based organization rather than a capital association. The enactment of Law No. 4 of 2023 about Strengthening the Financial Sector provides an opportunity for the demutualization of the stock exchange, which will have implications for the characteristics of IDX and impact the dynamics of the capital market in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the ideal legal form of legal entity for IDX according to its characteristics and review the implications of demutualization for IDX by studying and taking examples of best practices from stock exchanges in other countries that have demutualized such as United States, Netherlands, and Hong Kong. This research is a doctrinal legal research with an explanatory research typology, using secondary data obtained through literature studies which are further strengthened by interviews. The research findings indicate that the more ideal legal form for IDX with its current characteristics is a Legal Entity Association with its rights, position, and authority detailed in its Articles of Association. Regarding the implications of demutualization for IDX, it can have positive impacts such as increasing the global competitiveness of IDX, increasing public ownership and concern for the Indonesian capital market, and improving corporate governance. However, there are also negative impacts that need to be addressed, including potential conflicts of interest and monopolistic tendencies that may occur. There are several solutions to minimize these negative impacts, such as setting limits on stock ownership in the stock exchange, establishing stock exchanges, and adjusting the authority of the Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO) in IDX."

"This study is an attempt to elucidate the patterns and trends of migration and urbanization in Indonesia, with specific reference to the last 50 years. Emphasis will be on the use of measures commonly used in demographic analyses in so far as they are relevant to understanding internal migration in Indonesia. In analyses of fertility and mortality useful measures for demographic analyses have been developed. The extensive use of life tables in studies of mortality estimating procedures in fertility studies indicate that demographic techniques can contribute in overcoming the problem of limited data, so that in the absence of good vital statistics a satisfactory estimate of demographic parameters can be made. The development of model life tables in the last two decades by the Princeton group and the United Nations was a breakthrough in overcoming problems caused by poor population data in many developing countries. This is particularly true for the purpose of estimating mortality and making population projections for a country. The wide use of these life tables, even with all their limitations, turn out to be very useful in elucidating the current? situation as a basis for future projection and important policy guidance. While the most sophisticated techniques in demography have been productively applied in analyze of fertility and mortality (Cho et al 1980), little has been done in the area of migration and urbanization analysis in Indonesia. Some scholars in analyzing migration based on the 1971 Census used limited measures of migration in Indonesia, both provincial and regional migration (Speare, 1975, Sundrum, 1976 and Hugo, 1975 and 1980): An analysis of a similar kind was made by McNicoll using limited data from the 1961 Census and the multiple rounds of the Socio Economic Surveys (Susenas) conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics beginning in the early 1960s. In the area of urbanization, even fewer studies have utilized the available techniques in demography, probably with the exception of Hugo {1981). The analysis of migration in this study is based on theories and techniques of demography in order to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the phenomena and from there derive some policy implications and policy recommendations relevant for development. A population redistribution policy according to Pryor (1979) is expressed as follows : "The population redistribution policy of a nation can be viewed as reflecting the changing character and regional horizontal distribution of modernization and development, and the qualitative (vertical) aspects of the institutional and socio cultural milieu". Pryor further? elaborated that direct policies are deliberately created, have explicit intentions, are specific in some detail, are usually linked to both goals and projects, and their relevance and outcomes will be monitored and evaluated. Indirect policies are consequential and subsidiary to other goals, are implicit and non-purposive. It is part of the aim of this study to provide recommendations for a population redistribution policy. The study of migration can take different forms. It can be approached from an economic, demographic, sociological, geographic or other points of view. It can be approached from any combination of disciplines, in other words from an interdisciplinary perspective. The first systematic study of migration was one conducted by Ravenstein (1885, 1889). His paper presented in March 1885 be-fore the Royal Statistical Society in England and later published in the "Journal of Royal Statistical Society" in 1885, was called the "Laws of Migration". The paper based on the analysis of the 1881 British Census was criticized for not being empirically testable?"

"Para pekerja migran Indonesia asal Lembata sudah lama dikenal luas sebagai bagian dari migran tradisional sejak tahun 1950an yang bermigrasi ke Sabah, Malaysia. Mereka bermigrasi ke Sabah dengan didasarkan pada nilai-nilai jaringan sosial yang berakar dari para migran pioneer mereka yang sudah terlebih dahulu tinggal di Sabah. Sekalipun Pemerintah Indonesia sudah menciptakan banyak peraturan perundang-undangan seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2004 tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Luar Negeri, akan tetapi para pekerja migran asal Lembata tetap cendrung mempergunakan jalur non prosedural ketimbang jalur prosedural sebagaimana dikampanyekan dan dijamin oleh pemerintah. Berdasarkan pendekatan kualitatif, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jaringan sosial pekerja migran asal Lembata sudah terstruktur dengan kokoh karena didukung oleh nilai-nilai lokal mereka sendiri baik dari segi kultur sosial, struktur sosial maupun proses.

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The Indonesian migrant workers from Lembata have been widely known as a part of the traditional migrant workers since 1950s in Sabah Malaysia. They migrate to Sabah based on their social network rooted by their pioneers migrant in Sabah. Although the government of Indonesia has created many rules and regulations such as Act No. 39/2004 (Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2004) about the Placement and Protection of the Indonesian Overseas Workers, however, migrant workers from Lembata prefer to use unprocedural system then procedural one as campaigned and guaranteed by the goverment. Based on a qualitative approach, found that the social network of the migrant workers from Lembata is well structured which supported by their own values both in social culture, structure, and process."

"Liberalisasi di bidang pengadaan pemerintah masuk menjadi pembahasan negara maju dan berkembang dalam beberapa Persetujuan Perdagangan Internasional seperti Agreement on Government Procurement, Trans Pasific Partnership Agreement, dan European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Indonesia belum ikut serta dalam ketiga persetujuan diatas. Indonesia memiliki beberapa kepentingan nasional untuk ikut serta di dalam persetujuan diatas, namun keikutsertaan tersebut juga memiliki dampak negatif. Tesis ini membahas mengenai tiga hal yaitu kebijakan Indonesia mengenai Pengadaan Pemerintah, kepentingan nasional dalam ikut serta di Persetujuan Pengadaan Pemerintah, dan implikasi hukum apabila Indonesia nantinya ikut serta. Penulis menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yaitu metode berusaha menyelaraskan ketentuan hukum internasional dengan hukum nasional yang berlaku dalam bidang pengadaan pemerintah untuk menjawab permasalahan pada tesis. Indonesia belum membuka akses pasar bebas terhadap bidang pengadaan pemerintah untuk produk barang/jasa dari negara lain. Apabila Indonesia membuka akses pasar bebas dalam pengadaan pemerintah, terdapat beberapa hal baik dan buruk yang akan berdampak pada kepentingan nasional. Selain itu juga terdapat beberapa implikasi hukum yang akan terjadi. Indonesia bukan tidak mungkin untuk ikut serta dalam Persetujuan Pengadaan Pemerintah, namun untuk itu pemerintah wajib mempertimbangkan apakah keikut sertaan ini lebih banyak memberikan sesuatu yang baik untuk kepentingan nasional atau bahkan lebih banyak memberikan hal yang buruk. Pemerintah juga memerlukan kesiapan yang matang untuk menghadapi liberalisasi pengadaan pemerintah sehingga keikut sertaan ini tidak akan membawa kerugian semata bagi kepentingan nasional.

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In these recent years, the topic of Government Procurement liberalization is being discussed by developed and developing countries on International Trade Agreement such as Agreement on Government Procurement, Trans Pasific Partnership Agreement, and European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Indonesia has not participated yet in the above three agreements. There are several national interests of Indonesia if Indonesia participate in the above agreements, but such participation also has a negative impact. This thesis discusses about three questions i.e. the Indonesian policy on Government Procurement, Indonesian national interest of participating the Government Procurement Agreements, and the legal implications in case Indonesia participate on Government Procurement Agreements. The author uses the normative juridical method in trying to harmonize the provisions of international law with the applicable national law in the field of government procurement to answer the questions appear on the thesis. Indonesia has not open yet a free market access to the goods services of the government procurement from other countries. If Indonesia opens a free market access in government procurement, there are some good and bad things that will affect the national interest. There are also some legal implications that will occur. For Indonesia, it is not impossible to participate in the Government Procurement Agreements, however to participate in the Government Procurement Agreements, Indonesian government must consider whether this participation is giving more good or even giving more bad things to the national interest. The government also needs a mature readiness to deal with the liberalization of government procurement so that this participation will not only bring harm to the national interest of Indonesia."

"Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) melakukan penyempurnaan atas peraturan KPPU yang berkaitan dengan notifikasi transaksi penggabungan, peleburan, atau pengambilalihan saham dan/atau aset perusahaan (merger dan akuisisi) melalui Peraturan KPPU No. 3 Tahun 2023 tentang Penilaian terhadap Penggabungan, Peleburan, atau Pengambilalihan Saham dan/atau Aset yang Dapat Mengakibatkan Terjadinya Praktik Monopoli dan/atau Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat yang diundangkan pada tanggal 31 Maret 2023. Peraturan tersebut utamanya memperkenalkan sistem penyampaian notifikasi secara elektronik, mengatur ketentuan penghitungan nilai aset/penjualan pada aset penjualan yang ada di Indonesia, percepatan masa pemeriksaan kelengkapan dokuman, dan pelaksanaan Sidang Majelis Komisi untuk hasil penilaian secara menyeluruh. Peraturan ini menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana jika ternyata transaksi yang dilakukan menciptakan posisi dominan karena investor asing menanamkan saham yang besar pada perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dikarenakan penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengkaji norma hukum yang terdapat dalam peraturan-peraturan perundangan yang berlaku terkait dengan notifikasi transaksi penggabungan, peleburan, atau pengambilalihan saham dan/atau aset perusahaan yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat beserta peraturan turunannya. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa peran KPPU dalam melakukan pengawasan proses merger terhadap investor asing dalam kebijakan double nexus menimbulkan ketidakpastian yang diakibatkan Penerbitan Peraturan KPPU Nomor 3 Tahun 2023 melalui pengecualian berbagai jenis transaksi dari persyaratan notifikasi, percepatan proses notifikasi untuk transaksi dengan dampak pasar yang terbatas, dan klarifikasi beberapa konsep yang sebelumnya menyebabkan ketidakpastian.

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The Indonesian Competition Commission (KPPU) has made improvements to KPPU regulations relating to notifications of transactions of mergers, consolidations, or acquisitions of company shares and/or assets through KPPU Regulation No. 3 of 2023 concerning Assessment of Mergers, Consolidations, or Acquisitions of Shares and/or Assets that can Result in Monopolistic Practices and/or Unfair Business Competition which was promulgated on March 31, 2023. This regulation primarily introduces an electronic notification delivery system, regulates provisions for calculating the value of assets/sales of assets sold in Indonesia, accelerates the period for checking the completeness of documents, and convenes a Commission Council Meeting for the overall assessment results. This regulation raises the question what if it turns out that the transactions carried out create a dominant position because foreign investors invest large amount of shares in the company. This study uses a normative juridical research method to examine the legal norms contained in the applicable laws and regulations related to notifications of transactions of mergers, consolidations, or acquisitions of company shares and/or assets, i.e., Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and its derivative regulations. From the results of research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the role of KPPU in supervising the merger process for foreign investors in the double nexus policy creates uncertainty resulting from the issuance of KPPU Regulation Number 3 of 2023 through the exclusion of various types of transactions from notification requirements, acceleration of the notification process for transactions with limited market impact, and clarification of several concepts that previously caused uncertainty."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berangkat dari distorsi yang terjadi pada defenisi dan ruang lingkup keuangan negara yang luas yang mereduksi konsistensi dari Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) sebagai badan hukum privat. Secara konseptual, pengelolaan keuangan negara berbeda dengan pengelolaan keuangan BUMN. Kedudukan BUMN sebagai salah satu pelaku ekonomi dalam perekonomian nasional berdasarkan demokrasi ekonomi yang seharusnya dalam pengelolaannya sejalan dengan prinsip Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami dan mengkaji kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap pembentukan holding melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 47 Tahun 2017 tentangPenambahan Penyertaan Modal Negara Republik Indonesia ke dalam Modal Saham PT. Indonesia Asahan Aluminium. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam pendirian BUMN perseroan negara sebagai pemilik modal baik sebagian maupun seluruhnya juga tidak dapat menggunakan kewenangan publiknya untuk mengelola dan mengatur perseroan. Hal ini disebabkan recht positie pemerintah dalam perseroan adalah badan hukum perdata dan sama dengan pemilik modal lainnya.. konsekuensi terhadap anak perusahaan holding atas kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah berimplikasi pada anak perusahaan yang sebelumnya berstatus sebagai BUMN beralih menjadi perseroan terbatas biasa. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan BPK) tidak berwenang untuk melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap BUMN sebab keuangan negara yang menjadi saham baik 51 % atau seluruhnya dalam Persero tidak lagi berstatus sebagai keuangan negara, dan berubah menjadi keuangan Persero, karena telah bertransformasi yang awalnya keuangan publik beralih menjadi keuangan perdata. Dengan demikian, negara atau lembaga negara yang berperan sebagai subyek hukum privat tidak mempunyai kewenangan apapun dalam wilayah hukum perdata yang menyebabkan intervensi oleh penguasa terhadap BUMN.

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ABSTRACTThis research departs from the distortion that occurs in the definition and scope of broad state finances so as to reduce the consistency of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) as private legal entities. conceptually, management of state finances is different from the management of state-owned finance. The position of BUMN as one of the economic actors in the national economy based on economic democracy which should be in its management is in line with the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG).This research aims to explore and review the policies which carried out by the government towards the establishment of holding through Government Regulation Number 47 of 2017 concerning the Addition of State Capital Participation of the Republic of Indonesia into the Share Capital of PT. Indonesia Asahan Aluminum. This research uses normative legal research. The results of the study show that in the establishment of state-owned enterprises the owners of capital both partially or completely also cannot use their public authority to manage and regulate the company. This is because government positive recommendations in the company are civil legal entities and the same as other capital owners. So that the management burden and responsibility of the company cannot be delegated to the government as a public legal entity. The consequence of the holding company policy-making subsidiary has implications for subsidiaries which previously had the status of BUMN turned into ordinary limited liability companies. This study concludes that the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) is not authorized to carry out inspections of state-owned enterprises because the state finances that are either 51% or thoroughly in the Persero are no longer state finances, and transformed into Persero finances, because they have initially switched public finances. become civil finance. Thus, the state or state institution that acts as the subject of private law does not have any authority in the area of civil law which causes intervention by the authorities against."

"Kebijakan desentralisasi Indonesia yang ditetapkan tahun 1999 membawa implikasiterhadap program kementerian dan badan dari tingkat nasional, termasuk programKeluarga Berencana. Penelitian ini melihat implikasi kebijakan desentralisasi terhadapmix kontrasepsi. Data yang digunakan adalah data SDKI tahun 1997, 2003, 2007, dan2012. Pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif memperlihatkan bahwa kebijakandesentralisasi mempengaruhi program KB pada sisi sumber daya manusia,kelembagaan, pendanaan, serta sarana dan prasarana.Mix kontrasepsi merupakan akibat dari keputusan pemilihan kontrasepsi di levelindividu, yang dipengaruhi utamanya oleh persepsi terkait biaya yang dikeluarkan.Sehingga akseptor lebih memilih metode suntik dibandingkan dengan metode lain.Saran yang dapat dirumuskan adalah memasukkan program KB di dalam StandarPelayanan Minimal Kesehatan, sehingga masyarakat tidak perlu mengeluarkan biayauntuk memperoleh layanan KB.

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Indonesia`sdecentralization policy established in 1999 has implications for family planningprograms. This study aims to see the implications of decentralization policy oncontraceptive mix. The data used are SDKI data in 1997, 2003, 2007, and 2012. With amixed approach between quantitative and qualitative research, decentralization policyresults have influenced the family planning program on human resources, institutional,funding, and facilities and infrastructure. The variables that influence the selection ofcontraception at the individual level are the perceptions related to the lower costsincurred when choosing injection methods compared to other methods. The suggestionthat can be formulated is to incorporate the family planning program in MinimumService Standards Standar Pelayanan Minimal so that the community does not need tospend the cost to obtain family planning services."