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"Kurnia AI, Purwanto E, Mahajoeno E. 2010. Exposure copper heavy metal (Cu) on freshwater mussel (Anodonta woodiana) and its relation to Cu and protein content in the body shell. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 48-53. To determine the relationship of Cu exposure in water to the freshwater mussel exposure experiment is conducted with water containing Cu. Which measured the influence of Cu and protein content in the body shell. This study used the freshwater mussel species, Anodonta woodiana. Oysters were exposed for four weeks in the water with Cu concentration of 0.02 ppm, 0.04 ppm, 0.06 ppm and 0.00 ppm control. Cu content and protein content in the body shells are checked every week. Cu analysis was done by AAS method and the protein content using Kjeldahl method. Cu analysis showed elevated levels of Cu in mussel body after exposure. The pattern of increase in Cu content was not the same, where the pattern of the largest increases occurred after the fourth week. The statistical test showed no significant effect between the treatment with Cu accumulation in the body shell. Protein analysis showed an increase of protein content after exposure of the second week and decreased after the third and fourth weeks. The pattern of changes in protein content varied among the various treatments. The statistical test showed no significant effect between treatment with the protein changes in the body shell. Correlation test of the relationship between concentration of Cu in mussel body protein level showed a positive correlation between them with a fairly good level of relationship (correlation coefficient r =0.836). "

"Salah satu pencemaran di dalam perairan disebabkan oleh logam berat. Logam berat merupakan bahan anorganik yang bersifat toksik dan dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh biota air. Pada penelitian ini, biota yang digunakan sebagai bioindikator pencemaran logam berat tersebut adalah ikan bandeng. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengkaji kandungan logam berat Cd, Cr, dan Cu dalam sedimen. Sampel-sampel tersebut diambil di daerah Blanakan, Subang dan Marunda, Jakarta Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan logam Cd tidak terdeteksi baik dalam ikan bandeng maupun sedimen pada kedua daerah sampling. Kandungan logam berat Cr dalam daging dan insang ikan bandeng serta sedimen di Blanakan, Subang diperoleh berurutan dengan rentang konsentrasi sebesar 0,92-2,47 µg/g; 0,15–3,00 µg/g; dan 8,23–24,79 µg/g. Sedangkan kandungan logam berat Cr di Marunda, Jakarta Utara dalam daging dan insang ikan bandeng serta sedimennya berurutan adalah 0–0,24 µg/g; 1,23–8,85 µg/g; dan 22,10–31,63 µg/g. Untuk logam Cu di Blanakan, Subang diperoleh konsentrasi dalam daging dan insang ikan bandeng serta sedimen dengan rentang sebesar 1,78–5,24 µg/g; 2,03– 3,40 µg/g; dan 16,71–20,48 µg/g. Sedangkan kandungan logam berat Cu di Marunda, Jakarta Utara dalam daging dan insang ikan bandeng serta sedimennya berurutan adalah 1,47–2,46 µg/g; 2,28–5,43 µg/g; dan 17,19–30,21 µg/g.

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One of pollution in the water caused by heavy metals. Heavy metals are inorganic substances that are toxic and can accumulate in the body water biota. In this study, the organisms were used as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution is milkfish. In addition, this study examines the content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, and Cu in the sediment. The samples were taken in the area Blanakan, Subang and Marunda, North Jakarta. The results showed no detectable metal Cd in both milkfish and sediment sampling in both areas. Cr content of heavy metals in meat and milk fish gills and sediment Blanakan, Subang obtained sequentially with the concentration range of 0.92 to 2.47 µg/g, 0.15 to 3.00 µg/g and 8.23 to 24.79 µg/g. While the heavy metal content of Cr in Marunda, North Jakarta in meat and milk fish gills and sediment sequence is 0 to 0.24 µg/g, 1.23 to 8.85 µg/g and 22.10 to 31.63 µg/g. For Cu metal in Blanakan, Subang obtained concentrations in meat and milk fish gills and sediments range of 1.78 to 5.24 µg/g, 2.03 to 3.40 µg/g and 16.71 to 20.48 µg/g. While the heavy metal content of Cu in Marunda, North Jakarta in meat and milk fish gills and sediment sequence was from 1.47 to 2.46 µg/g, 2.28 to 5.43 µg/g and 17.19 to 30.21 µg/g."

"Pada studi ini, logam berat tembaga (Cu) dan seng (Zn) pada tanah diukur menggunakan ekstraksi bertahap dan metode diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT), selain itu penyerapan logam tersebut pada tanaman kangkung darat diinvestigasi. Spesiasi Cu dan Zn pada tanah asli (non spike) dan tanah spike 200, 400, 600, dan 800 mg kg-1 tanah dievaluasi dengan ekstraksi bertahap yang didasari prosedur Tessier (1979), diperoleh distribusi logam pada fraksi yang berbeda-beda. Cu dan Zn pada tanah asli ditemukan terutama pada fraksi Mn oksida, Fe oksida dan residu. Sangat sedikit ditemukan pada fraksi exchangeable yang merupakan fraksi logam paling mobile dan diasosiasikan sebagai bioavailabel. Pada tanah yang diberi spike Cu dan spike Zn juga ditemukan terutama pada fraksi Mn oksida dan Fe Oksida, terlihat peningkatan cukup signifikan pada fraksi karbonat, dan khusus untuk tanah yang diberi spike Zn terlihat peningkatan cukup signifikan terhadap fraksi exchangeable. Metode DGT digunakan untuk menentukan konsentrasi efektif (CE) dari Cu dan Zn pada tanah. Hubungan antara CE dari Cu dan Zn oleh DGT dan serapan Cu dan Zn pada kangkung darat yang ditumbuhkan dalam rumah kaca dievaluasi. Hubungan CE dari Zn terhadap serapan Zn pada kangkung darat berkorelasi secara signifikan pada pemberian konsentrasi spike Zn2+ 0 (kontrol) 200, 400, 600, dan 800 mg kg-1 tanah (R2 = 0,97) dan memberikan hubungan linear yang positif. Namun, pada variasi konsentrasi spike Cu2+ yang sama, CE dari Cu tidak berkorelasi terhadap serapan Cu pada kangkung darat (R2 = 0,43) dan memberikan hubungan linear yang negatif. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan konsentrasi spike Cu yang digunakan terlalu tinggi atau berada pada level toksik.

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In this study, heavy metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in soil were measured using the method of sequential extraction and diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT), in addition to the absorption of these metals in Ipomea reptans Poir. were investigated. Speciation of Cu and Zn in native soil (non-spike) and spiked-soil 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg kg-1 soil were evaluated by the sequential extraction procedure based on Tessier (1979), obtained the metal distribution in different fractions. Cu and Zn in the native soil is found mainly in the fraction of Mn oxides, Fe oxides and residues. Very little was found in exchangeable fraction which is the most mobile metal fraction and associated bioavailable. In spiked-soil, Cu and Zn were also found mainly in the fraction of Mn oxides and Fe oxides, seen a significant increase in the fraction of carbonate, and specifically for a given soil Zn spike seen a significant increase in the exchangeable fraction.

DGT method used to determine the effective concentration (CE) of Cu and Zn in soil. The relationship between Cu and Zn from the CE by the DGT and the uptake of Cu and Zn in Ipomea reptans Poir. grown in a greenhouse were evaluated. The relationship CE of Zn with Zn abosrption by Ipomea reptans Poir. were significantly correlated to the spike concentration giving Zn2+ 0 (control) 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg kg-1 soil (R2 = 0.97) and provide a positive linear relationship. However, with the spike Cu2+ at the same variation of concentration, CE of Cu did not correlate to the absorption of Cu in Ipomea reptans Poir. (R2 = 0.43) and give a negative linear relationship. This is probably due to Cu spike concentration used is too high or are at toxic levels."

"ABSTRAKSeiring dengan berkembangnya industri dan banyaknya aktivitas manusia di perairan, perlu adanya tanggung jawab terhadap kerusakan lingkungan khususnya di wilayah perairan. Akibat dari penangganan limbah yang kurang baik dari adanya kandungan toksik senyawa kimia logam berat. Ekosistem yang telah terlihat akibat pencemaran limbah dari logam berat yakni laut sebagai tempat akhir dari akumulasi toksikan. Fitoplankton merupakan produsen utama dalam memproduksi energi dan termasuk salah satu bentik yang berdampak langsung terhadap cemaran logam berat di laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas logam berat kadmium Cd dan tembaga Cu terhadap pertumbuhan sel dari fitoplankton Chaetoceros gracilis dan Tetraselmis sp. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi logam berat, densitas sel dari fitoplankton akan semakin menurun. Berdasarkan penelitian, diperoleh nilai IC50-96 jam kadmium Cd dan tembaga Cu terhadap pertumbuhan Chaetoceros gracilis 2,39 mgCd/L dan 0,09 mgCu/L serta Tetraselmis sp adalah 5,37 mgCd/L dan 0,21 mgCu/L. Logam berat tembaga Cu memiliki nilai yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan kadmium Cd, sehingga tembaga Cu lebih toksik dari pada kadmium Cd terhadap kedua fitoplakton uji Chaetoceros gracilis dan Tetraselmis sp.

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ABSTRACTThe development of industry and the number of human activities in the waters, the need for responsibility for environmental damage, especially in the territorial waters. As a result of unsubstantiated waste subscribers from the toxic content of heavy metal chemical compounds. Ecosystems that have been seen due to pollution of waste from heavy metals such as the sea as the end of the toxic accumulation. Phytoplankton is a major producer of energy production and is one of those benthic impacts on heavy metal contamination. This study aims to determine the toxicity of heavy metals cadmium Cd and copper Cu to cell growth from phytoplankton Chaetoceros gracilis and Tetraselmis sp. The results show that the higher the concentration of heavy metals, cell density of phytoplankton will decrease. Based on the research, IC50 96 hours cadmium Cd and copper Cu were obtained on growth of Chaetoceros gracilis 2,39 mgCd L and 0,09 mgCu L and Tetraselmis sp was 5,37 mgCd L and 0,21 mgCu L. Copper heavy metal Cu has a smaller value than cadmium Cd, so copper Cu is more toxic than cadmium Cd against both test phytopathtons Chaetoceros gracilis and Tetraselmis sp."

"ABSTRAKPengolahan air asam tambang (AAT) yang memiliki kandungan logam berat tinggi dapat memanfaatkan abu layang yang merupakan limbah B3 pembakaran batu bara di PLTU. Penelitian ini mengekstraksi abu layang dengan penambahan Na2CO3, kalsinasi, dan aktivasi asam klorida untuk meningkatkan Al3+, Fe2+, dan Fe3+. Abu layang sebelum dan setelah ekstraksi dikarakterisasi untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia dan mineralogi yang berpotensi sebagai koagulan. Percobaan ini diujikan dengan AAT artifisial untuk menganalisis efektivitas koagulasi dalam mereduksi kekeruhan dan Cu dengan parameter waktu pengendapan, pH, dan dosis koagulan. Jar test dilakukan dengan pengadukan cepat 200rpm selama 5 menit dan pengadukan lambat 45rpm selama 10 menit yang dilakukan dalam tiga tahap variasi yaitu waktu pengendapan, pH, dan dosis koagulan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum masing-masing parameter. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa reduksi kekeruhan dan Cu pada AAT artifisial optimum pada kondisi pH awal 8, waktu pengendapan 15 menit, dosis koagulan 100mg/L untuk mereduksi kekeruhan dengan 99% penyisihan dan kondisi akhir sebesar 1,19NTU, serta dosis koagulan 50mg/L untuk mereduksi Cu dengan 58% penyisihan dan konsentrasi akhir sebesar 1,98mg/L. pH akhir sampel turun setelah dikoagulasi menjadi 7,25. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi abu layang dengan HCl berpotensi sebagai koagulan untuk mereduksi kekeruhan dan Cu pada AAT.

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ABSTRACT

Acid mine drainage (AMD) which has high heavy metal content can utilize fly ash which is a hazardous waste from coal combustion at the power plant. In this study, fly ash was extracted with the addition of Na2CO3, calcination, and activation of hydrochloric acid to increase Al3+, Fe2+, and Fe3+. Fly ash before and after extraction is characterized to determine the chemical and mineralogical content that has the potential as a coagulant. This experiment used artificial AMD to analyze the effectiveness of coagulation in reducing turbidity and heavy metal Cu with parameters of settling time, pH, and coagulant dose. The jar test is carried out with a rapid stirring of 200rpm for 5 minutes and a slow stirring of 45rpm for 10 minutes which divided into three stages namely, deposition time, pH, and coagulant dose to determine the optimum conditions of each parameter. From the experiments it was found that the reduction of turbidity and heavy metal Cu on AMD artificial is optimum under initial pH conditions 8, settling time of 15 minutes, coagulant dose of 100mg/L to reduce turbidity by 99% removal and final condition of 1.19NTU, and coagulant dose 50mg/L to reduce heavy metal Cu with 58% removal and a final concentration of 1.98mg/L. The final pH sample drops after being coagulated to 7.25. This study indicates that the extraction of fly ash with hydrochloric acid has the potential as a coagulant to reduce turbidity and heavy metal Cu in AMD."