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"the code of law of criminal procedure instead of HIR the product of colonial government of nederlands indie contains the participle of fair legal process giving guarantee and protection of human rights, applying the principle in all stages of criminal justice process : preadjudication , adjudication, and postadjudication. In order to apply the fair legal process, it is therefore needed to provide a model of legal enforcer. Without goodwill of legal enforcer to implement the fair legal process, only the arbitrary malpractices of criminal justice and the power of legal enforcer will be in force."

"Masyarakat hukum adat sebagai suatu masyarakat yang tetap dan teratur telah berkembang secara internasional hal ini di dukung dengan adanya pembentukan United Nations Declaration on the rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) yang telah disahkan oleh PBB pada tahun 2007. Di Indonesia ketentuan mengenai masyarakat hukum adat telah tertuang pada Pasal 18 B ayat (2) UUD 1945. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Dengan menganalisis bagaiman a pembentukan Rancangan Undang – Undang (RUU) tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat berpengaruh terhadap upaya pemenuhan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia bagi masyarakat hukum adat. Rencana pembentukan RUU tentang masyarakat hukum adat tersebut telah ada sejak tahun 2004, dan pada tahun 2016 hingga 2018 RUU tersebut sudah masuk kedalam Program Legislasi Nasional (Prolegnas) di dalam DPR. Namun hingga saat ini RUU tersebut belum juga dilakukan pengesahan oleh pemerintah. Senyatanya pembentukan RUU tersebut sudah ada masuk dalam tahap urgensi seperti banyak kasus perampasan wilayah yang menimpa masyarakat hukum adat, pelanggaran hak atas free, prior, dan informed consent (FPIC) yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat hukum adat terhadap pernyataan persetujuan atas suatu agenda, pelanggaran terhadap hak konstitusional termasuk hak politik, serta perempuan adat yang sering dihadapkan terhadap permasalahan diskriminasi. Dalam RUU tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang saat ini masuk dalam tahap pembahasan DPR juga tak luput dari permasalahan, beberapa pasal menimbulkan kerancuan dalam implementasinya misalkan Pasal 11 hingga Pasal 17 yang memuat mengenai proses identifikasi dan verifikasi, Pasal 6 terhadap ketentuan persyaratan, Pasal 22 terhadap ketentuan perlindungan, dan Pasal 20 terhadap ketentuan evaluasi. Beberapa pasal dan ketentuan tersebut belum mencerminkan tujuan utama pembentukan RUU tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat, namun secara nyata hal tersebut justru banyak mengurangi hak yang seharusnya diperoleh oleh masyarakat. Hal inilah yang menjadikan pengesahan RUU tentang Masyarakat Hukum Adat menjadi hal yang penting disahkan untuk melakukan pemenuhan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia bagi masyarakat hukum adat.

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Indigenous Peoples, as stable and organized societies, have developed internationally, supported by the establishment of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), which was ratified by the UN in 2007. In Indonesia, provisions concerning indigenous peoples are outlined in Article 18B, Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. This paper is composed using doctrinal research methods. It analyses how the drafting of the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples impacts efforts to fulfill and protect human rights for indigenous legal communities. The plan to establish the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples has been in place since 2004, and from 2016 to 2018, the draft law was included in the National Legislation Program (Prolegnas) within the House of Representatives (DPR). However, to date, the draft law has not yet been enacted by the government. In fact, the drafting of this draft law has reached an urgent stage due to numerous cases of territorial seizures affecting indigenous legal communities, violations of the right to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) regarding their approval of certain agendas, violations of constitutional rights including political rights, and indigenous women often facing issues of discrimination. The Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples currently under discussion in the DPR is not without problems. Several articles cause confusion in their implementation, such as Articles 11 to 17, which cover the processes of identification and verification. Article 6, which pertains to the requirements. Article 22, which concerns protection provisions. And Article 20, which deals with evaluation provisions. These articles and provisions do not yet reflect the main objectives of forming the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples. In fact, they often diminish the rights that should be granted to the communities. This underscores the importance of enacting the Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples to ensure the fulfillment and protection of human rights for Indigenous Peoples."

"Internatianal humanitarian Imhr and human rights Imv haw a similar relationship and goal. In term of its coverage and target, however they are different each other. In one hand, international humanitarian law is an emergency law and implementation in external and internal arm conflict situation. On the other  hand, human rights law is applied both in peace and war situation."

"Since the end of World War II. international tow of human rights have a rapid and significant improvement so that Us become the primary source of law wte» state, international organization, and individual faces the human rights problems in all over the world. Efforts from the world community to improve the system of human rights protection achieve its culmination point when the UN diplomatic conference agreed the Rome Statute about International Criminal Court. Indonesia does not ratify that convention because Indonesia already has the law of human rights that is in the Law Number 26 Year 2000, This regulation applied to several cases of human rights violation in Indonesia such as Abilio Jose Osorio Soares case. Soedjarwo case, and G. M. Timbul Sitaen, In those cases, the definition of "a systematic and widespread attack" becomes the main discussion. The Rome Statute applies the principle of "non-retroactive" while the Indonesian human rights law applies the principle of "retroactive "."

"Dewasa ini isu tentang Hak-hak Asasi Manusia atau HAM terus berlangsung dan bahkan menyangkut kehidupan bernegara. Isu ini diangkat oleh berbagai negara Barat yang standartnya seringkali kontradiktif dengan negara Muslim, Hak-hak Asasi Manusia sering kali digunakan tidak pada tempatnya dan terlalu dipolitisir dan terlalu cenderung memfonis bahwa negara-negara muslim telah melanggar eksistensi manusia ada Asasi Hanusia, tetapi konsep Islam tidak sama dengan pandangan oriental is Barat, Sebab Tslam lebih mengutamakan keseimbangan antara kewajiban dan hak yang diterimanya, sedangkan pandangan sekularisme Barat lebih mengutamakan kepentingan hak dari kewajiban yang diembannya. Konsep Islam tentang Hak-hak Asasi pada prinsip yang terdapat al-Quran dan Meskipun demikian Islam tidak melupakan arti untuk melakukan ijtihad."