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"Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immersion time in artificial saliva on the flexural strength of provisional crown and bridge (p-c&b) materials. Materials and Methods: Two types of p-c&b materials were used in this study: Light polymerized p-c&b material (Revotek LC) and autopolymerized p-c&b material (PerfecTemp II). A total of 100 specimens were fabricated and measured according to ISO 4049/2000. A stainless steel mould was used to prepare 2mm x 2mm x 25mm bar shaped specimens. All materials were dispensed and manipulated according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimens were divided into 5 groups (n=10). Each specimen of the first group was measured immediately after preparation. The second, third, fourth and fifth groups were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C in an incubator for 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, respectively. Flexural strength was tested by Universal Mechanical Testing Machine Shimadzu in a 3-point bending test. The Repeated ANOVA and Post-Hoc Bonferroni test were used to compare the continuous variables between the groups. Result: The results showed flexural strength of Revotek LC were higher than PerfecTemp II achieved the highest value in 7 days. Conclusion: Flexural strength of p-c&b materials were influenced by immersion time in artificial saliva and the type of p-c&b materials."

"Latar Belakang: Palfique Universal Flow® merupakan resin komposit flowable yang digunakan untuk merestorasi gigi anterior dan posterior. Untuk dapat beredar di pasaran, material restorasi harus memenuhi karakteristik standar, salah satunya adalah kekuatan fleksural. Material restorasi akan terpapar oleh lingkungan mulut yang kondisi pH-nya selalu berubah sehingga dapat berdampak pada kekuatan fleksuralnya. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh perendaman resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow® tipe medium pada berbagai pH saliva buatan terhadap kekuatan fleksural. Metode: Sejumlah dua puluh empat spesimen resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow® tipe medium dengan dimensi 25 x 2,8 x 2 mm dikelompokkan menjadi empat, yaitu kelompok tanpa perlakuan, perendaman di saliva buatan pH 3, pH 5,5, dan pH 7. Setelah direndam selama 7 hari, kekuatan fleksural diukur menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney, dan Independent T-Test. Hasil: Nilai kekuatan fleksural pada kelompok tanpa perlakuan merupakan yang tertinggi dan semakin rendah pada perendaman di dalam saliva buatan pH 7; 5,5; dan 3 secara berturut-turut dengan perbedaan signifikan (p≤0,05). Nilai antar kelompok berbeda signifikan pada seluruh kelompok (p≤0,05), kecuali pada pH 3 dengan pH 5,5 dan pH 5,5 dengan pH 7 (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Saliva buatan yang asam menyebabkan nilai kekuatan fleksural resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow® tipe medium menjadi lebih rendah.

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Background: Palfique Universal Flow® is a flowable composite resin that used for restoring both anterior and posterior teeth. To be marketed, restorative materials must meet standard characteristics, one of which is flexural strength. Restorative materials are exposed to the oral environment, where pH conditions continuously change, potentially affecting their flexural strength. Objective: To analyze the effect of immersion medium-type supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow®in artificial saliva at various pH levels on the flexural strength. Methods: Twenty-four specimens of medium-type supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow®, with dimensions of 25 x 2.8 x 2 mm, divided into four groups: untreated, immersion in artificial saliva with pH 3, pH 5.5, and pH 7. After a 7-days immersion, the flexural strength was measured using a Universal Testing Machine. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Independent T-Test. Results: The flexural strength values in the untreated group were the highest, decreasing within immersion in artificial saliva at pH 7, 5.5, and 3 with significant differences observed (p≤0.05). Significant differences were noted between groups in all cases (p≤0.05), except between pH 3 and pH 5.5, as well as between pH 5.5 and pH 7 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Artificial saliva with acidic pH levels leads to lower flexural strength values of the medium-type supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow®.

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"The oral health of denture wearers depends on the cleanliness of their denture. Therefore, it needs proper care and maintenance to prolong the denture wearing, while the oral mucosa is kept healthy. Maintenance and cleaning the denture by brushing and immersing in desinfectant solution is done to eliminate microorganims. Themoplastic nylon is widely used as material of choice in constructing partial or full denture instead of acrylic resin heat-cured material. This material is superior due to good esthetic, thinner denture base compared with acrylic resin denture base, and alternative material for patient allergic to acrylic monomer. Based on findings, immersion in disinfectant solution for 24 hours can increase the rigidity of nylon denture base material. Refer to those, a research was done to discover the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% and sodium hypoclorite 1% disinfectant solution to flexural strength of thermoplastic nylon material, bearing in mind that a those solution are available abundantly in less price. ln this research it is concluded that flexural strength of thermoplastic nylon material is increased in sodium hypochlorite 1% immersion compared to chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%, aquadest immersion, and control group. Flexural strength of thermoplastic nylon material in chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% and aquadest immersion are relatively equal. (p=1,000). Hereby disinfectant solution could effect to flexural strength of thermoplastic nylon material. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% and aquadest immersion can decrease flexural strength compared to control group (p=0,000). Anticipation on physical, mechanical, and chemical changes of denture made from thermoplastic nylon material rises a need of socialization among dentist that thermoplastic nylon material can change at immersion in sodium Hypochlorite 1% and chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% solution. To this matter, further research of other disinfectant solutions needs to be done."

"Bekisting merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang banyak digunakan khususnya pada konstruksi bangunan beton. Penggunaan kayu sebagai material penyusun bekisting masih sangat umum digunakan di Indonesia dan menimbulkan limbah konstruksi yang tidak dapat digunakan kembali. Dalam upaya mengurangi limbah kayu tersebut, pemanfaatan limbah plastik jenis HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) sebagai bahan baku untuk produk bekisting dapat menjadi sebuah solusi. Penelitian ini mengamati pengaruh bukaan pada balok rangka polimer HDPE dan perbandingannya dengan balok solid tanpa bukaan. Dilakukan perbandingan analisa properti mekanik kuat lentur dari balok bekisting HDPE dengan metode DIC (Digital Image Correlation) dengan pemodelan numerik menggunakan ABAQUS.

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Formwork is one of the essential components widely used, especially in concrete building construction. The use of wood as the material for formwork is still very common in Indonesia and generates construction waste that cannot be reused. In an effort to reduce wood waste, utilizing HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) plastic waste as a raw material for formwork products can be a solution. This study observes the effect of openings in HDPE polymer truss beams and compares them with solid beams without openings. A comparison of the mechanical flexural properties of HDPE formwork beams is carried out using the DIC (Digital Image Correlation) method with numerical modeling using ABAQUS software."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Ekstrak Biji AnggurEBA mengandung proantosianidin sebagai pengikat silang kolagen yang menentukan sifat mekanik dentin.Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh larutan EBA terhadap kekuatan lentur dentin saluran akar.Metode : 90 lempeng dentin saluran akar dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok direndam larutan EBA, NaOCl dan aquabides. Dilakukan uji kekuatan lentur dentin dengan Universal Testing Machine.Hasil : Kekuatan lentur tertinggi pada kelompok larutan EBA, terendah pada kelompok NaOCl. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok larutan EBA dan aquabides (p>0.05).Kesimpulan : Nilai kekuatan lentur dentin saluran akar pada larutan EBA lebih tinggi dibandingan dengan larutan NaOCl.

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ABSTRACT

Background : Grape Seed Extract (GSE) contains proanthocyanidin as collagen crosslinking which determines the mechanical properties of dentin.

Objective: To analyze the effect of the GSE solution to the flexural strength of root canal dentin.

Methods : 90 root canal dentin slabs were divided into 3 groups, immersed in GSE solution , NaOCl and aquabidest . Dentin flexural strength test measured by Universal Testing Machine.

Results : The highest flexural strength was found in GSE solution group , the lowest in the group of NaOCl . There were no significant differences between GSE groups and aquabidest group ( p > 0.05 ).

Conclusion : The value of flexural strength of root canal dentin found in GSE solution group was higher when compared with NaOCl solution."

"Bekisting yang merupakan penyumbang limbah konstruksi terbesar, dan sampah plastik di Indonesia yang terus meningkat tiap tahunnya memerlukan solusi penanganan yang tepat. Dapat digunakan limbah plastik jenis HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku untuk produk bekisting. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perbandingan analisa properti mekanik kuat lentur balok bekisting HDPE dengan tambahan metode DIC (Digital Image Correlation) dengan pemodelan numerik menggunakan ABAQUS. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi alternatif bahan bekisting dari HDPE yang kuat dan lebih ramah lingkungan.

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Formwork, which is one of the largest contributors to construction waste, and plastic waste in Indonesia, which continues to increase every year, require appropriate handling solutions. HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) waste in Indonesia can be used as raw material for formwork products. This study will compare the mechanical properties, specifically the flexural strength of HDPE formwork beams, using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method and numerical modeling with ABAQUS. The results of this study are expected to provide an alternative solution for formwork materials from HDPE that are strong and more environmentally friendly."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan pengaruh saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5 terhadap kekerasan dari material restoratif bioaktif. Metode penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penelitian menggunakan material restorative bioaktif, Activa Bioactive (RMGI), Cention-N (RK Alkasit), Fuji II LC (RMGIC), Zirconomer (Zirconia reinforced Glass Ionomer) , dan Beautifill II LS (Giomer). Masing-masing specimen material tersebut dengan ukuran diameter 15 mm dengan tinggi 1 mm direndam dalam saliva buatan pH 4,5 selama 7 hari. Setelah 7 hari, specimen dilakukan uji kekerasan menggunakan Knoop Hardness test dengan 5 jejas per spesimen. Kemudian hasil pengujian dilakukan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, dilanjutkan dengan One-Way Anova. Lalu dilakukan uji homogenitas Levene dan dilanjutkan uji Post-hoc Tamhane. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai kekerasan di antara material restoratif bioaktif yang diuji (One way anova, p<0,05). Dengan nilai tertinggi pada material Cention-N dan terendah material Activa Bioactive. Pada uji Post-hoc Tamhane didapati perbedaan bermakna, kecuali antara Beautifill II LS dengan Zirconomer. Kesimpulan: Setelah dilakukan perendaman pada saliva dengan pH 4,5, material Cention N memiliki nilai kekerasan tertinggi dan Material Activa yang terendah.

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Objective: This study aims to compare the effect of artificial saliva with pH 4.5 on the microhardness of bioactive restorative materials. Method: In this study, research was carried out using restorative bioactive materials, Activa Bioactive (RMGI), Cention N (RK Alkasit), Fuji II LC (RMGIC), Zirconomer (Zirconia reinforced Glass Ionomer), and Beautifill II LS (Giomer). Each specimen of the materials are made with a diameter of 15 mm and a height of 1 mm, and were immersed in artificial saliva pH 4.5 for 7 days. After 7 days the material was subjected to a microhardness tester using the Knoop Hardness test with 5 per specimen of materials. Statistic analysis were performed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by One-Way Anova. Then the Levene homogeneity test was carried out and continued with the Post-hoc Tamhane test. Result: There was a significant difference in the hardness value between bioactive restorative materials (One way ANOVA, p <0.05). With the highest value for the Cention-N material and the lowest for Activa Bioactive material. In the Post-hoc Tamhane test, there was a significant difference, except between Beautifill II LS and Zirconomer. Conclusion: After soaking in saliva with a pH of 4.5, the Cention N material had the highest hardness value and the lowest Activa Material."

"ABSTRAKResin komposit alkasit mampu melepaskan ion hidroksida sehingga dapat mempertahankan pH netral saliva. Ion yang dilepaskan lebih banyak pada suasana asam. Resin komposit alkasit dapat dipolimerisasi secara kimia dan/atau menggunakan sinar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan resin komposit alkasit polimerisasi kimia dan sinar dalam menetralkan saliva buatan. Jumlah spesimen 96 buah dibagi menjadi 16 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari 2 kelompok saliva buatan (pH 4,5 dan 5,5), 2 kelompok metode polimerisasi (kimia dan sinar), dan 4 kelompok waktu perendaman (1, 3, 5, dan 7 hari). Spesimen berbentuk lempeng dengan diameter 15 mm dan tebal 1 mm yang direndam dalam 5 ml saliva buatan dan disimpan dalam inkubator bersuhu 37˚C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pH saliva buatan pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan seiring dengan waktu perendaman. Berdasarkan uji statistik Independent T test dan Mann Whitney U, secara umum tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam meningkatkan pH saliva buatan antara kelompok metode polimerisasi kimia dan sinar. Sedangkan, terdapat perbedaan bermakna kenaikan pH saliva buatan pada kelompok yang direndam pada saliva buatan pH 4,5 dan 5,5. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan resin komposit alkasit polimerisasi kimia dan sinar sama baik dalam meningkatkan pH saliva buatan hingga hari ke 7, terutama dalam suasana yang lebih asam.

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ABSTRACT

Alkasite composite resin is able to release hydroxide ions so it can maintain a neutral pH of saliva. More ions released in an acid condition. This composite resin can be polymerized chemically or using LED light. This study aimed to determine the ability of self-cured and light-cured alkasite composite resin to neutralize artificial saliva pH. Ninety-six specimens were immersed in 5 ml of artificial saliva, 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick were divided into 16 groups consist of 2 groups of artificial saliva (pH 4,5 and 5,5), 2 groups of polymerization method (self-cured and light-cured), and 4 groups of immersion time (1, 3, 5, and 7 days). The result showed that there was an increase in the pH of the artificial saliva in all treatment groups over the time of immersion. The statistical test using Independent T test and Mann Whitney U showed that in general there were no significant differences between the polymerization method. Meanwhile, there were significant differences between the groups that immersed in each artificial saliva pH. It was concluded that self cured and light cured composite resin alkasite have the same ability to increase the pH of artificial saliva until the 7th day, especially in an acid condition."