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"The adoption of the horse for chariots, wagons and riding had a major impact on human societies, but it has proved difficult to reliably identify early domesticated horses in the archaeological record. This comparative study of equine palaeopathology addresses the problem by analysing wild and domestic horses used for traction or riding. Osteological changes to the skull appear to be the result of mechanical and physiological stress from the use of horses for transport. The results are applied to archaeological examples from the Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex of Bronze Age Mongolia (1300–700 BC) and show that those horses were probably bridled and used for transport."

"Once Britain had become separated from the European mainland in the seventh millennium BC, Mesolithic stone tool traditions on opposite sides of the newly formed Channel embarked upon different directions of development. Patterns of cross-Channel contact have been difficult to decipher in this material, prior to the expansion of farming (and possibly farmers) from northern France at the beginning of the fourth millennium BC. Hence the discovery of Late Mesolithic microliths of apparently Belgian affinity at the western extremity of southern Britain—in the Isles of Scilly—comes as something of a surprise. The find is described here in detail, along with alternative scenarios that might explain it. The article is followed by a series of comments, with a closing reply from the authors."

"ABSTRAK“Benteng Sembilan” merupakan salah satu bangunan militer tinggalan Belanda dariperiode abad ke-20 yang belum diidentifikasi lebih lanjut mengenai bentuk danfungsinya dalam aktivitas militer masa lalu. Identifikasi bentuk dan fungsi diperlukanguna mengetahui peranan bangunan ini terutama dalam peristiwa Agresi MiliterBelanda di wilayah Jakarta Timur serta menjadi satu pembuktian bagi peristiwabersejarah tersebut. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pendeskripsian yang kemudiandilanjutkan analisis khusus dan analisis perbandingan dengan dua bangunanpertahanan lain yang serupa. Penelitian ini menghasilkan interpretasi bahwa bangunanini merupakan bangunan gudang amunisi dan senjata serta diduga dahulu digunakandalam peristiwa Agresi Militer Belanda di sekitar daerah Cakung, Jakarta Timur.

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ABSTRACT“Benteng Sembilan” is one of Dutch’s military defense building which it form andfunction in past military activities has not been identified yet. Form and functionidentification is needed to recognize the building’s role in Dutch Military Agressionin North Jakarta and also to prove the building as features of the historical event. Theresearch was began with description method and continued by specific analysis andcomparative analysis with another two similar defense building. This researchproduced an interpretation that the building was an ammunition and weapon storageand probably used in Dutch Military Agression in Cakung, North Jakarta."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian arkeologi terhadap kepurbakalaan bangunan klasik di kawasan kepurbakalaan Muarajambi, Jambi yang memiliki latar kegamaan Buddha dan juga berhubungan dengan sejarah perkembangan ajaran Buddha di Nusantara pada abad ke- 7 hingga abad ke- 13 M. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan hubungan bentuk bangunan dan penataan ruang dari kepurbakalaan Bangunan Gedong I Muarajambi. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian diketahui bahwa terjadi pembagian hirarkis dalam penataan bangunan dan ruang area dalam kompleks.

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ABSTRACTThis study is an Archaeology study on Indonesia Ancient Building in Muarajambi Archaeological Site, Jambi. The Site itself has been being identified containing many Buddhist remaining artifact which has lead the late study to development of Buddha religion in Sumatra on 7th – 13th Century. The Focus of this study is about identification of form and space of Gedong I Archaeological Building Complex. The Study discover there are Hirearchy on Buildings and areas inside the complex which comes from existence of separating wall in the inner hall"

"This study is determine the story engraved on Candi Kesiman Tengah?s relief and explain the style of depiction and position of the reliefs. The repeated Relief depictions in each side associated with the concept of Vastupurusamandala that often used in the construction of a temple. The purpose of this research is find out religiousity and religious concepts which is existing within the Majapahit. Results of this study is to know the myths or stories in relief that is connected with itspositioning, and some other relief function which shows the position the gods at the temple which is used by the religionist as a medium in carrying out their religious activities.

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Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui cerita yang dipahatkan pada relief Candi Kesiman Tengah serta menjelaskan gaya penggambaran dan keletakan relief. Penggambaran relief yang berulang di setiap sisinya dikaitkan dengan konsep vastupurusamandala yang sering digunakan dalam pembangunan sebuah candi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan nafas keagamaan serta konsep keagamaan yangberkembang di lingkungan Majapahit. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan mengetahui mitos atau cerita pada relief dan dihubungkan dengan keletakannya maka terdapat fungsi relief lainnya yaitu menunjukkan keletakan para dewa pada sebuah candi yang digunakan sebagai media kaum agamawan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan keagamaan."

"Kawasan Percandian Muarajambi merupakan situs arkeologi tinggalan dari masa Kerajaan Melayu Kuno dan Sriwijaya yang terluas dan terlama masa berfungsinya, tidak hanya di Sumatera tetapi juga di Indonesia. Di Kawasan ini, selain bangunan monumental juga banyak ditemukan fragmen keramik baik yang berbahan tembikar, stoneware, maupun porselen. Keberadaan fragmen keramik terutama tembikar masih tidak terlalu diperhatikan baik dalam survei dan ekskavasi arkeologi, padahal fragmen tembikar dapat digunakan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai teknologi masyarakat pembuatnya, serta kegiatan dan kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat yang menggunakannya. Daerah antara Candi Astano dan Candi Kembarbatu di Kawasan Percandian Muarajambi merupakan daerah yang diindikasikan sebagai bekas hunian oleh beberapa peneliti. Di daerah ini ditemukan fragmen tembikar dalam berbagai ukuran, baik di permukaan maupun di bawah tanah. Berdasarkan identifikasi dan analisis khusus terhadap bentuk, teknologi pembuatan dan ornamen yang ada, diketahui bahwa fragmen tembikar tersebut merupakan wadah-wadah perkakas yang diperuntukkan untuk menunjang kebutuhan sehari-hari. Hal ini memperkuat pendapat bahwa daerah diantara Candi Astano dan Kembarbatu merupakan daerah bekas hunian di masa lalu.

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Muarajambi Temple Compound is an archaeological site remnants of the era of Ancient Melayu Kingdom and Sriwijaya which were the widest and longest period of functioning, not only in Sumatra but also in Indonesia. In this area, besides monumental buildings, there are also many ceramic fragments found such as pottery, stoneware, and porcelain. The existence of ceramic fragments, especially pottery, is still not given much attention both in surveys and archeological excavations, even though pottery fragments can be used to provide information about technology of the community that made it, as well as the activities and habits of the people who used it. The area between Astano Temple and Kembarbatu Temple in Muarajambi Temple Compound were an area indicated as a former residence by several researchers. In this area pottery fragments were found in various sizes, both on the surface and underground. Based on the identification and special analysis of the existing forms, manufacturing technology and ornaments, it is known that the pottery fragments are household vessels intended to support daily needs. This reinforces the opinion that the area between Astano and Kembarbatu Temples were a former residential area in the past."

"Gua Pawon merupakan salah satu situs prasejarah di Jawa Barat penghasil alat tulang. Jejak pakai yang berbeda dapat memberikan informasi penggunaan yang berbeda pula. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini mempertanyakan ragam bentuk dan penggunaan alat tulang di Gua Pawon. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menunjukkan secara detail bentuk alat tulang dan ciri bekas penggunaannya yang dapat menunjukkan fungsinya yang beragam berdasarkan jejak pakainya dan diharapkan dapat memperkaya khazanah pengetahuan tentang alat tulang di Indonesia, khususnya Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengamatan bagian tajaman alat tulang dengan alat bantu berupa mikroskop dengan pembesaran yang berbeda guna menunjukkan detail bentuk dari jejak pakai. Bentuk jejak pakai yang tampak dibandingkan dengan penelitian para ahli mengenai penggunaan alat tulang dan etnografi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebuah alat tulang tidak hanya dapat digunakan untuk satu aktivitas, tetapi dapat juga digunakan untuk beberapa aktivitas dan beragam material.

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Pawon Cave is one of the prehistoric sites in West Java producing bone tools in the late Pleistocene-early Holocene. Different use traces can provide information on different uses. Therefore, this study questions the various forms and uses of bone tools at Pawon Cave. The purpose of this study is to show in detail the shape of bone tools and the characteristics of their use that can show their diverse functions based on use traces and are expected to enrich the treasury of knowledge about bone tools in Indonesia, especially West Java. This study was conducted by observing the sharp part of the bone tool with a microscope with different magnifications to show the detailed shape of the use trace. The shape of the visible use trace was compared with expert research on the use of bone tools and ethnography. The results of the study show that a bone tool in Pawon Cave is not only used for one activity, but can also be used for several activities and various materials. These activities are cutting, carving, hole punching, drilling, scraping, and rubbing. While the materials are plants, bark, animal skin, and soil."