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"Although the recent financial crisis badly hurt the Western banking sector, commercial banks in China appear to have weathered the storm rather well. Nevertheless, the shadow banking system – a culprit of the crisis – also exists in China and recently has taken a turn for the worse. Wealth management products, one form of shadow banking, not only pose systemic risks to the banking sector but also raise concerns about consumer protection in the shadow banking sector at large. This article examines the systemic risks created by the proliferation of wealth management products and sheds light on the underlying logic of the policy responses adopted by Chinese regulatory authorities. While these regulatory tools are designed to address systemic risks surrounding wealth management products, the financial regulatory framework needs to be further improved to promote both financial safety and market liberalisation, thereby protecting consumer rights in the financial sector."

"This article explains how recent changes in China’s legal culture are being influenced by the two philosophies of good governance currently emphasised by the country’s leadership; that is, the rule of law and social harmony. Focusing specifically on criminal procedure, the article uncovers the essence of China’s current legal culture – that is, the juxtaposition of the rule of law and social harmony, and analogises it with the alloy of Confucianism and Legalism in dynastic China. This article pos its that the effort to amend the Criminal Procedure Law (‘CPL’) (2012) completes the transition of China’s legal culture because it accomplishes a substantive mixture of the rule of law and social harmony. The article then scrutinises the CPL amendments by classifying them into two groups in the light of their main functions – that is, to consolidate the rule of law and to legalise social harmony – and discusses how the rule of law and social harmony are further promoted in the criminal justice system through the first-year implementation of the CPL. A preliminary examination of the questions arising from the juxtaposition of the rule of law and social harmony under the CPL – which touches upon the basis of the criminal justice system and even the entire legal regime – precedes the conclusion of the article."

"Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) adalah lembaga pengawas jasa keuangan terintegrasi yang didirikan berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011. Dengan berdirinya OJK, maka tugas pengaturan dan pengawasan sektor perbankan yang semula dijalankan oleh Bank Indonesia kini beralih kepada OJK. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kewenangan yang dimiliki OJK dalam menjalankan tugas pengaturan dan pengawasan perbankan, serta membandingkannya dengan tugas pengaturan dan pengawasan perbankan yang dijalankan oleh lembaga pengawas jasa keuangan terintegrasi di negara lain. Perbandingan dilakukan terhadap Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) di Jerman yang dianggap berhasil, dan terhadap Financial Services Authority (FSA) di Inggris yang dianggap gagal dan telah dibubarkan. Perbandingan dalam penelitian ini ditinjau melalui kewenangan lembaga dalam menjalankan tugas pengaturan dan pengawasan perbankan di negaranya, mengenai independensi lembaga, dan mengenai hubungan antara lembaga pengawas tersebut dengan bank sentral di negaranya masing-masing.

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Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) is an integrated financial supervisory established under Law No. 21 Year 2011. With the establishment of OJK, the banking regulatory and supervisory task, which is previously run by Bank Indonesia, is now transferred to OJK. This thesis explains about OJK's authority in running the banking regulatory and supervisory task, and compares it with integrated financial supervisory authority in other country. The comparison is conducted on Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) in Germany which considered success, and on Financial Services Authority (FSA) in United Kingdom which considered fail and has already been abolished. The comparison in this thesis is analyzed based on the institutions' authorities in running the banking regulatory and supervisory task, the institutions' independency, and the relation between the institutions and the central bank in their respective country."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerapan manajemen risiko internet banking, khusunya pada Bank X. Disamping memberikan kemudahan bagi nasabah, internet banking juga berpotensi meningkatkan risiko. Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana ketentuan-ketentuan hukum mengenai manajemen risiko oleh Bank Umum terkait internet banking dan bagaimana penerapannya oleh Bank X.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam SEBI Nomor 6/18/DPNP tanggal 20 April 2004 mencakup pengawasan aktif dewan komisaris dan direksi, pengendalian pengamanan serta manajemen risiko hukum dan reputasi. Pelaksanaan manajemen risiko internet banking di Bank X sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

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This thesis explains about the implementation of risk management of internet banking, especially in Bank X. In addition to providing convenience for customers, internet banking is also potentially increase the risk. The issue in this study is how is the legal provisions concerning Risk Management on internet banking and how it is applied by Bank X.

The method used in this research is normative juridical method. The risk management of internet banking is set in SEBI No. 6/18 / DPNP, includes active surveillance by commissioners and directors, security control also legal and reputation risk management. The implementation of risk management on internet banking in Bank X is in accordance with the applicable regulations."

"Perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat berhasil menciptakan dunia virtual Metaverse Salah satu sektor yang juga merambah dunia virtual Metaverse ini adalah sektor perbankan. Luasnya transaksi yang dimungkinkan dalam dunia virtual ini juga memberikan peluang bagi para penyedia jasa keuangan untuk mengembangkan jasanya ataupun kegiatannya ke dalam Metaverse. tidak hanya bank-bank di luar Indonesia saja namun bank-bank dalam negeri di Indonesia sudah mulai mengumumkan rencananya untuk merambah dunia virtual Metaverse. Kemajuan teknologi yang tidak disertai dengan aturan dan kesiapan pengawasan dari Pemerintah berpotensi memiliki risiko yang merugikan bagi para pengguna atau nasabahnya. Penelitian ini membahas lebih lanjut terkait dengan perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah dalam perluasan kegiatan perbankan di dunia virtual Metaverse. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah penelitian hukum doktrinal atau penelitian normatif yang disebut juga sebagai penelitian perpustakaan atau studi dokumen karena penelitian ini dilakukan atau ditujukan hanya pada peraturan - peraturan yang tertulis atau bahan-bahan hukum yang lain. Metode penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka yang ada dengan didukung oleh hasil wawancara dengan informan atau narasumber terkait. Dari hasil penelitian ini, perluasan perbankan ke dunia virtual Metaverse di Indonesia masih pada tahap awal yaitu sebagai perluasan layanan perbankan digital, sehingga pengaturan terkait pendiriannya di dunia virtual Metaverse serta perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah di Metaverse tidak diatur secara khusus dan masih mengacu kepada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku saat ini. Perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah di Metaverse diharuskan memperhatikan aspek keselamatan dan keamanan, aspek perlindungan data, aspek transparasi informasi dan edukasi, serta aspek penyelesaian sengketa. Selain itu, terkait dengan hal ini OJK memiliki peran dan kewenangan terkait dengan pelayanan penerimaan dan pemberian informasi, serta pengaduan konsumen, melakukan pembelaan hukum, bank menghentikan kegiatan dan/atau tindakan lainnya yang dianggap perlu, pengawasan terhadap pengembangan teknologi informasi yang dilakukan oleh bank.

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The rapid development of technology has succeeded in creating the Metaverse virtual world. Banking sector is one of the sectors that has also penetrated the Metaverse virtual world. With the breadth of transactions occurring in this virtual world, there are also possibilities for the financial service providers to develop their services or activities into the Metaverse. Aside from banks outside Indonesia, domestic banks in Indonesia have started to announce their plans to enter the Metaverse virtual world. On the other hand, technological advances that are not accompanied by regulations and monitoring readiness from the Government have the potential to pose a risk of harm to users or customers. This research discusses further related to legal protection for customers in expanding banking activities in the Metaverse virtual world. The type of research in this thesis includes doctrinal legal research or normative research, which is also known as library research or document study, because this research is conducted or aimed only at written regulations or other legal materials. This research method is used in legal research that is carried out by examining existing literature materials supported by the results of interviews with relevant informants or sources. The result of this study shows that the expansion of banking into the Metaverse virtual world in Indonesia is still at an early stage, namely as an expansion of digital banking services, so that regulations related to its establishment in the Metaverse virtual word and legal protection for customers in Metaverse are not specifically regulated and still refer to statutory regulations which are valid at this time. Legal protection for customers in Metaverse is required to pay attention to aspects of safety and security, aspects of data protection, aspects of information transparency and education, as well as aspects of dispute resolution. In addition, related to this, Financial Services Authority (OJK) has roles and authorities related to receiving and providing information services, as well as consumer complaints, conducting legal defense, banks stopping activities and/or other actions deemed necessary, supervising the development of information technology carried out by the banks."