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"This book is a unique in-depth and comprehensive reference that covers all surgically relevant thyroid and parathyroid diseases and presents the latest information on their management. International authorities discuss operative techniques and treatments in detail and explain the rationales for their favored approaches. The topics of this second edition include the description of surgically relevant pathologies, preoperative surgical evaluation, decision making, and operative strategies for the various thyroid and parathyroid diseases. In addition, experts present the molecular basis for thyroid neoplasia, review the current understanding of the genetics of inherited thyroid and parathyroid diseases, and discuss the management of recurrent and locally invasive thyroid cancer. Evolving modern operative techniques such as neuromonitoring and minimally invasive (videoscopic) approaches to the thyroid and parathyroids are also covered."

"This highly illustrated book, complete with comprehensive clinical references and annotated images, will serve as a leading text to educate head and neck surgeons, endocrinologists, and radiologists on the basics and nuances of thyroid and parathyroid ultrasound. It emphasizes the use of ultrasound as an office-based modality by clinicians and radiologists who actively care for this special set of patients. This text uniquely combines the collaboration between a clinician/surgeon and radiologist who share their extensive experience in head and neck ultrasound."

"For practitioners at all stages of experience, diseases of the parathyroid glands are not easily deciphered. There are many subtleties to its pathology and diagnosis. Today, the wealth of new information from molecular medicine makes it very challenging for the individual practitioner to have a complete picture of these entities. Diseases of the parathyroid glands addresses these issues by offering a concise, user-friendly text that provides state-of-the-art background on mineral physiology and its regulation and couples this to a variety of clinical topics of parathyroid gland pathology. Introductory chapters cover calcium regulation and parathyroid gland physiology, drawing upon many of the new aspects of glandular control mechanisms beyond the classical ones associated with calcium alone. The majority of the text covers clinical problems. Although most chapters address problems in adult medicine, three separate chapters are devoted to pediatric problems of hyper- and hypoparathyroidsm and parathormone resistance states. In addition, there are several chapters on less common but equally challenging problems such as parathyroid cancer, calciphylaxis, cystic lesions of the glands, and ectopic glandular disease. The final chapters detail the techniques of parathyroid gland imaging and surgical treatment. "

"Angka kejadian kanker tiroid terus meningkat tiap tahunnya. Pola makan, paparan radiasi, dan genetik dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya kanker tiroid. Untuk menangani kasus kanker tiroid biasanya dilakukan tindakan pembedahan. Pasien pasca pembedahan di area leher memiliki resiko terjadi kontraktur. Kontraktur dapat terjadi karena aktivitas yang kurang. Kontraktur dapat menyebabkan deformitas dan keterbatasan gerak pada pasien. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah komplikasi tersebut adalah dengan neck exercises. Neck exercises dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan rentang pergerakan sendi dan mencegah kontraktur. Sebagai perawat, mencegah terjadinya komplikasi merupakan salah satu asuhan keperawatan yang harus dilakukan. Pencegahan ini dilakukan untuk memaksimalkan pencapaian kesejahteraan pasien dengan lebih maksimal.

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The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased. Diet, exposure to radiation, and genetic can be a risk factor for thyroid cancer. To handle cases of thyroid cancer, surgery is usually performed. Patients after surgery in the neck area has a risk of contractures. Contractures can occur due to lack of activity. Contractures can lead to deformity and limitation of motion in patients. One way to prevent these complications is the neck exercises. Neck exercises can be done to improve range of motion and prevent contractures. As a nurse, prevent complications is one of the nursing care that must be done. Prevention is done to maximize the achievement of well-being of patients."

"Latar belakang. Ketertarikan terhadap penggunaan analgesik tambahan nonopioid intraoperasi semakin meningkat. Salah satu obat yang mendapatkan banyak perhatian adalah penggunaan lidokain intravena. Tiroidektomi adalah prosedur bedah endokrin yang paling umum dilakukan di seluruh dunia. Pemulihan pascaanestesia umum merupakan salah satu hal yang penting untuk dinilai sebagai hasil akhir dari pelayanan anestesia dan pembedahan. Kuesioner Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) merupakan alat penilaian multidimensi yang dapat diandalkan untuk mengevaluasi status pemulihan pasien pascaoperasi. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan randomized controlled trial dengan pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Sebanyak 34 subjek yang akan menjalani operasi bedah tiroid dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian selama periode Maret – Mei 2022. Subjek penelitian akan diberikan lidokain intravena bolus 1.5 mg/kg saat induksi dilanjutkan dengan rumatan 2 mg/kg/jam hingga selesai jahit kulit (kelompok lidokain) atau diberikan NaCl 0.9% dengan volume yang sama (kelompok kontrol). Kualitas pemulihan pascaanestesia akan dinilai menggunakan kuesioner QoR-40 yang dilakukan pada praoperasi dan 24 jam pasca operasi. Hasil. Tiga puluh empat subjek, dengan 17 subjek pada tiap kelompok, mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai. Infus lidokain intravena kontinyu menghasilkan kualitas pemulihan pascaanestesia yang lebih baik pada operasi bedah tiroid sebesar 20,06 (vs kontrol 4.82, p <0,001), namun tidak signifikan secara statistik terhadap kebutuhan opioid fentanyl intraoperatif yaitu 136.47 mg vs placebo 100,3 mg (p = 0.117). Tidak ada efek samping lidokain yang ditemukan selama penelitian. Simpulan. Infus lidokain intravena kontinu intraoperatif pada operasi tiroidektomi menghasilkan kualitas pemulihan yang lebih baik, diukur dengan selisih nilai QoR-40 (delta) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, namun secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan signifikan mengenai kebutuhan opioid fentanyl intraoperatif antara kelompok lidokain dan kontrol.

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Background. There has been a growing interest in the use of additional intraoperative non-opioid analgesics in recent years. One drug that has received a lot of attention is the use of intravenous lidocaine. Thyroidectomy is the most common endocrine surgical procedure performed worldwide. Recovery after general anesthesia is one of the important things to be assessed as the final outcome of anesthesia and surgery services. The Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) questionnaire is a reliable multidimensional assessment tool to evaluate the recovery status of postoperative patients. Methods. This study is a randomized controlled trial with consecutive sampling. A total of 34 subjects who will undergo thyroid surgery were enrolled in the study during the period of March – May 2022. Subjects will be given either intravenous lidocaine bolus 1.5 mg/kg at induction followed by maintenance at 2 mg/kg/hour until skin closure (lidocaine group) or NaCl 0.9% with the same volume (control group). The quality of recovery after surgery will be assessed using the QoR-40 questionnaire conducted preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively. Results. Thirty-four subjects, with 17 subjects in each group had completed the study. Continuous intravenous lidocaine infusion resulted in a better quality of recovery after thyroid surgery in 20.06 (vs control 4.82, p < 0.001), but not statistically significant for intraoperative fentanyl opioid requirement of 136.47 mg vs control 100.3 mg, p = 0.117. No side effects of lidocaine were found during the study. Conclusion. Continuous intravenous lidocaine infusion in thyroidectomy resulted in a better quality of recovery, measured by the difference in QoR-40 (delta) values compared to the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative fentanyl opioids requirement between the lidocaine and control groups."

"Karsinoma paratiroid merupakan neoplasma yang jarang ditemukan, dengan frekuensi kurang dari 1% dari seluruh kasus hiperparatiroidisme primer. Beberapa gambaran klinis dan biokimiawi dapat mengarahkan pada karsinoma paratiroid namun diagnosis pre dan intraoperatif yang akurat masih sulit ditegakkan. Studi ini melaporkan satu kasus karsinoma paratiroid yang terdiagnosis pasca-operasi. Intraoperatif ditemukan pembesaran kelenjar paratiroid yang telah menginfiltrasi laringeus rekuren dan kelenjar tiroid kanan. Hasil histopatologik menunjukkan nodul tumor yang dipisahkan oleh jaringan ikat tebal, disertai invasi pada kapsul dan jaringan sekitar. Diagnosis akhir karsinoma paratiroid ditegakkan berdasarkan gambaran klinis dan pemeriksaan spesimen

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AbstractKarsinoma paratiroid merupakan neoplasma yang jarang ditemukan, dengan frekuensi kurang dari 1% dari seluruh kasus hiperparatiroidisme primer. Beberapa gambaran klinis dan biokimiawi dapat mengarahkan pada karsinoma paratiroid namun diagnosis pre dan intraoperatif yang akurat masih sulit ditegakkan. Studi ini melaporkan satu kasus karsinoma paratiroid yang terdiagnosis pasca-operasi. Intraoperatif ditemukan pembesaran kelenjar paratiroid yang telah menginfiltrasi laringeus rekuren dan kelenjar tiroid kanan. Hasil histopatologik menunjukkan nodul tumor yang dipisahkan oleh jaringan ikat tebal, disertai invasi pada kapsul dan jaringan sekitar. Diagnosis akhir karsinoma paratiroid ditegakkan berdasarkan gambaran klinis dan pemeriksaan spesimen"

"Concurrently, there have been a number of recent advances in surgical treatment, as well as diagnostic modalities that allow us to detect small amounts of residual local and metastatic disease. Additionally, a reexamination of past treatment regimens has led to new recommendations regarding the use of radioactive iodine, and to new therapeutic options, such as targeted therapy which have supplanted the use of more toxic chemotherapy for metastatic cancer. Multiple academic organizations have developed consensus guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer, occasionally with conflicting recommendations. In Thyroid cancer, a renowned group of authors presents a broad overview of the pathology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of thyroid cancer, with an emphasis on recent evidence-based information. "

"ABSTRACTThyroid nodule is a health problem which commonly found in daily practice, therefore clinical guidance is needed. This guideline was compiled by a multidisciplinary team and expected to be a guideline in diagnosing thyroid nodules on daily clinical practice."

"Latar belakang: Sitologi aspirasi jarum halus merupakan metode yang efektif dan aman dalam menilai lesi kelenjar liur. Gambaran morfologi yang bervariasi serta sitomorfologik yang saling tumpang tindih, mengakibatkan sulitnya dalam mendiagnosis lesi kelenjar liur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akurasi diagnostik dan menganalisa gambaran sitomorfologik aspirasi lesi kelenjar liur.Metode: Dilakukan penelusuran sediaan sitologik lesi kelenjar liur tahun 2005-2009 pada arsip Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM. Didapatkan 107 kasus sitologi lesi kelenjar liur, dan dilakukan pemeriksaan ulang. Terdapat 7 kasus dieksklusi karena sediaan tidak layak baca. Dilakukan pula penelusuran sediaan histopatologiknya dan dikorelasikan dengan sediaan sitologik. Uji diagnostik diaplikasikan pada 39 kasus berpasangan sitologi-histopatologik.Hasil: Kasus lesi kelenjar liur dari tahun 2005-2009 berjumlah 100 kasus, diantaranya 27 kasus negatif, delapan kasus inkonklusif dan 65 kasus lesi neoplastik. Pada 39 kasus berpasangan, empat belas kasus diantaranya memiliki diagnosis berbeda, dengan 3 kasus negatif palsu, satu kasus positif palsu. Secara keseluruhan dalam membedakan lesi malignant atau non-malignant didapatkan sensitivitas 82,35%, spesifisitas 95,45%, NPV 87,5% dan PPV 93,34%.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akurasi diagnostik sitologi lesi kelenjar liur sangat bervariasi, dengan sensitivitas 82,35% dan spesifisitas 95,45% dalam membedakan lesi malignant atau non-malignant; sekalipun tidak dapat menegakkan diagnosis definitif, namun tetap dapat membantu klinisi dalam tata laksana kasus.

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AbstractBackground: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is an effective and safe procedure for analyzing salivary gland lesions. Various morphological and overlapping cytomorphology features can bring difficulty in diagnosis of the salivary gland lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary glands lesions.Methods: There were 107 cases of cytology and 39 cases of histopathology of salivary gland lesions collected and reviewed from the archives of Anatomical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia / Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2005-2009. Seven cases of cytology were excluded, due to unsatisfactory specimens. Diagnostic test was applied to analyze the 39 pairs of cytology-histopathology cases.Results: There were 100 cases of salivary gland lesions cytology obtained, consisted of 27 negatives, eight cases inconclusive and 65 cases of neoplastic lesions. Of the 39 pair cases, fourteen cases showed result discrepancies between cytology and histopathology, with 3 false-negative cases and 1 false-positive case. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology analysis in differentiating malignant from non-malignant lesions were 82.35%, and 95.45% respectively, NPV 87.5% and PPV 93.34%.Conclusion: This study showed diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology salivary gland lesions was varied, with 82.35% sensitivity and 95.45% specificity in differentiating malignant from non-malignant hence this information can still be used for case management."