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"The book provides a detailed, up-to-date account of the basics, the technology, and the clinical use of ion beams for radiation therapy. Theoretical background, technical components, and patient treatment schemes are delineated by the leading experts that helped to develop this field from a research niche to its current highly sophisticated and powerful clinical treatment level used to the benefit of cancer patients worldwide. This book consists of related chapters. It is a common achievement by 76 experts from around the world. Their expertise reflects the diversity of the field with radiation therapy, medical and accelerator physics, radiobiology, computer science, engineering, and health economics. The book addresses a similarly broad audience ranging from professionals that need to know more about this novel treatment modality or consider to enter the field of ion beam therapy as a researcher. However, it is also written for the interested public and for patients who might want to learn about this treatment option."

"ABSTRAKTeknologi atau metode Sol Gel telah banyak digunakan untuk beberapa aplikasi. Salah satu diantaranya adalah untuk pemrosesan/pembuatan lapisan tipis (thin film). Salah satu batasan/kekurangan dari metode Sol-Gel ini adalah tingginya temperatur yang dibutuhkan pada saat fase pembakaran (firing step).Pada pane/Wan ini akan ditunjukkan bahwa pembuatan lapisan tipis TiO2 dengan menggunakan metode Sol-Gel dapat dilakukan pada temperatur rendah. Cara yang digunakan ialah dengan memodifikasi/menggabungkan metode Sol-Gel dengan penembakan ion berenergi (ion bombardment). Hasil pane/Wan ini menunjukkan bahwa penembakan dengan menggunakan ion Hidrogen pada energi sebesar 25 keV serta dosis sebesar 1XTOrs ions/cm2 menunjukkan hasil yang bagus dalam hal bentuk permukaan dari film/lapisan (surface morphology) dan juga sifat mekaniknya.

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ABSTRACT

Sol-Gel technology has been widely used for many applications. One of them is for thin film processing. One limitation of this process is the high temperature process during the firing step.

In this project, it was shown that it is possible to obtain TiO2 so! gel thin films at low temperature. The method used was ion bombardment on the unfired TiO2 sol gel thin films. With this method, we can obtain a thin film with similar mechanical property and surface morphology to that obtain by conventional so/ gel route_ Bombardment of hydrogen ions with energy of 25 keV and dose of 1X10'16 ions/cm2 have shown a very good result in terms of surface morphology and mechanical properties."

"Telah dilakukan pengukuran PDD, faktor keluaran dan profil dosis pada lapangan kecil dengan teknik penyinaran setengah lapangan menggunakan Film Gafchromic EBT3, bilik ionisasi Exradin A16, dan detektor matriks PTW 2D-Array 729. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik berkas foton lapangan kecil menggunakan teknik penyinaran setengah lapangan, dan membandingkan hasil pengukuran dengan data referensi yang menggunakan teknik penyinaran lapangan penuh full-beam . Evaluasi pengukuran PDD dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai dmax dan menghitung nilai TPR20,10. Profil dosis dianalisa berdasarkan nilai FWHM dan penumbra. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa nilai dmax, TPR20,10, FWHM, penumbra, dan faktor keluaran menghasilkan pola yang sama dengan hasil pengukuran teknik penyinaran lapangan penuh full-beam . Deviasi FWHM terbesar menggunakana Film Gafchromic EBT3 dan Exradin A16 adalah -10.99 dan -33.14 terjadi saat pengukuran pada luas lapangan 0.8 0.8 cm2 dan kedalaman 1.5 cm, sedangkan deviasi FWHM terbesar menggunakan detektor matriks PTW 2D-Array 729 adalah -46.25 terjadi saat pengukuran pada luas lapangan 1.6 1.6 cm2 dan kedalaman 1.5 cm. Persentase deviasi faktor keluaran terbesar adalah -54.22 yaitu saat pengukuran menggunakan detektor matriks PTW 2D-Array 729 pada kondisi pengukuran luas lapangan 0.8 0.8 cm2 dan kedalaman 10 cm.

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PDD measurements, output factor, and dose profile have been conducted in small field with half beam irradiation technique using Gafchromic EBT3 Film, Exradin A16 ionization chamber, and PTW 2D Array 729 matrix detector. This study was aimed to determine the characteristic of small field photon beam using half beam irradiation technique and compare the measurement results with reference data that performed full beam irradiation technique. PDD measurements evaluation has been done by determining the value of dmax and calculate the TPR20,10 value. Dose profile was analyzed based on the value of FWHM and penumbra. The measurement results showed that the value of dmax, TPR20,10, FWHM, penumbra, and output factor have similar pattern with the measurement results of full beam irradiation technique. The highest FWHM deviation value that can be obtained using Gafchromic EBT3 Film and Exradin A16 are 10.99 and 33.14 occurred when measurements were conducted in the field size of 0.8 0.8 cm2 and depth of 1.5 cm. The highest deviation percentage of output factor that can be obtained using PTW 2D Array 729 matrix detector is 54.22 occured in the field size of 0.8 0.8 cm2 and depth of 10 cm."

"This book presents an overview of the numerous industrial applications of ion-exchange materials.In particular, this volume focuses on the use of ion-exchange materials in various fields including chemical and biochemical separations, water purification, biomedical science, toxic metal recovery and concentration, waste water treatment, catalysis, alcohol beverage, sugar and milk technologies, pharmaceuticals industry and metallurgical industries."

"Treatment Planning System (TPS) merupakan kunci dalam keberhasilan pengobatan radioterapi eksternal, yang secara langsung berdampak pada kualitas rencana perawatan dan ketepatan perhitungan dosis dalam perencanaan. Keluaran dari hasil perencanaan pada TPS berupa kurva DVH. DVH menjadi acuan dalam melihat penyebaran dosis pada target maupun organ sehat. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan perbandingan antara DVH hasil dari TPS dengan DVH hasil dari perhitungan analitik. Perbandingan DVH dilakukan dengan langkah awal membuat objek simulasi berupa fantom virtual menggunakan program Matlab dengan berbagai bentuk geometri, yaitu bola, kubus, dan silinder. Perencanaan terhadap objek simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan TPS Eclispe. Dari hasil perencanaan dengan menggunakan TPS Eclispe dan hasil perhitungan analitik, diperoleh perbedaan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada objek simulasi kubus untuk penyinaran 1 lapangan, dan pada objek simulasi silinder pada penyinaran 4 lapangan. Sementara pada perbandingan nilai Dmaks dan Dmin, perbedaan terbesar terdapat pada nilai Dmin dengan penyimpangan tertinggi berada pada objek simulasi kubus dan silinder. Tidak terdapat nilai yang sama pada perencanaan ini untuk semua objek simulasi.

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Treatment Planning System (TPS) is the key to success of external radiotherapy treatment, which directly impacts the quality of treatment planning and the accuracy of dose calculation in planning. The output of the planning results at the TPS consists of the DVH curve. DVH is the target in looking at the distribution of doses to target and organ at risk. In this study, an experiment was conducted between DVH results from TPS and DVH results from analytical calculation. DVH comparison is done with the initial step of making simulation objects using virtual phantoms using the Matlab program with various geometric shapes, namely are sphere, cube, and cylinder. Planning of the simulation object is done using Eclispe TPS. From the results of planning using TPS Eclispe and analytical calculation results, the value of the assessment of the cube simulation object is obtained for 1 field illumination, and for cylinder simulation objects in 4 fields irradiation. While in determining the value of Dmax and Dmin, the biggest difference is the value of Dmin with the highest deviation in the comparison object of the cube and the cylinder. There are no equal values in this plan for all simulation objects."

"This book describes the theoretical principles of ion-exchange processes. More specifically, this volume focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and modelling of ion-exchange materials and their associated kinetics and equilibria."