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"ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Sindrom Down merupakan penyakit genetik yang dapatmenyebabkan keterlambatan perkembangan motorik, bahasa, kognitif, danpsikososial. Periode perkembangan anak dalam tiga tahun pertama kehidupansangat penting, karena merupakan dasar untuk hasil perkembangan selanjutnya.Sampai saat ini belum dilakukan penelitian yang menghubungkan kemampuanmotorik pasien sindrom Down dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.Mengingat prevalensi anak sindrom Down yang cukup banyak di Indonesia, danbelum didapatkan data tersebut maka penelitian dilakukan pada anaksindrom Downsehingga anaksindrom Down mendapatkan hasil optimal dari program intervensiyang dijalankan Tujuan : Mengetahui karakteristik pertumbuhan dan perkembangan motorik anaksindrom Down serta faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat perkembangan motorik kasaruntuk menentukan kemampuan anak, kebutuhan terapi dan meningkatkan kualitaspelayanan. Metode: Studi potong lintang deskriptif dan analitik selama Agustus sampai September 2015 pada 103 anak sindrom Down usia 6 bulan - 3 tahun di Poli Anakdan Poli Rehabilitasi medic Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Dataorang tua didapat dari autoanamnesis dan pencarian rekam medis, dataantropometrik berupa beratbadan, tinggi badan dan lingkar kepala diplot pada kurvapertumbuhan khusus anak sindromDown, perkembangan motorik kasar dinilaiberdasarkan milestone khusus anak sindrom Down. Hasil penelitian : Sejumlah 103 subjek (56 laki-laki, 47 perempuan) memenuhikriteria inklusi. Median subjek adalah 12 bulan. Jumlah subjek yang mengalamigizi baik dan gizi kurang hampir sama. Mikrosefali dialami oleh sebagian kecilsubjek 10 (9,6%). Anak sindrom Down dengan tipe klasik ditemukan pada sebagianbesar pasien sebanyak 99 (96%) dan tipe translokasi sebanyak 4 (3,9%). Keterlambatan motorik ringan dialami oleh 69,2% subjek, keterlambatan motoriksedang 16,3%, dan keterlambatan motorik ringan 13,5%. Hasil analisis multivariatememperlihatkan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan motorikadalah lingkar kepala (p=0,011; OR 6,852; IK95% 1,565-30,038), riwayat asfiksia(p=0,009; OR 4,033; IK95% 1,427-11,4), dan frekuensi program stimulasi(p=0,006; OR 3,845; IK95% 1,460-10,125). Kesimpulan : Lingkar kepala, riwayat asfiksia, dan frekuensi program stimulasimerupakan faktor risiko keterlambatan perkembangan motorik anak sindromDown.ABSTRACT Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. "

"Sindroma Down disebabkan abnormalitas kromosom yaitu adaya kromosom ekstra  pada pasangan kromosom ke 21 dengan karakteristik tertentu. Anak sindroma Down memliki gingivitis. sIgA di dalam saliva merupakan tanda diaktivasinya respon imun humoral di dalam rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar sIgA saliva dengan gingivitis anak sindroma Down. Subyek penelitian berusia 15-17 tahun, sebanyak 34 anak yang terdiri dari 17 anak sindroma Down dan 17 anak normal. Seluruh subyek penelitian dinilai kadar sIgA saliva menggunakan ELISA tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan negatif lemah tidak bermakna antara kadar sIgA saliva dan gingivitis anak sindroma Down. (r=-0.210, p=0.419). Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan semakin tinggi kadar sIgA saliva pada anak sindroma Down maka semakin rendah gingivitis anak sindroma Down

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Down syndrome is an abnormality caused by  extra chromosome in the 21st pair of chromosomes with specific characteristics. Children  with Down syndrome mostly have gingivitis in their mouth. sIgA in the saliva is a sign activated by humoral immune response in the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of salivary sIgA concentration with gingivitis in Down syndrome children. Total of the subjects are 34 consisting of 17 down syndrome children and 17 normal children and aged between 15-17 years old. All subject assessed the concentration of salivary sIgA using indirect ELISA. The results showed an insignificant weak negative correlation between salivary sIgA concentration and gingivitis in Down syndrome children. This study established that the higher levels of salivary sIgA in Down syndrome children, the lower gingivitis in Down syndrome children."

"Sindroma Down adalah kelainan genetik yang disebabkan oleh trisomi kromosom 21. Anak dengan sindroma Down memiliki kondisi rongga mulut yang beragam dan memiliki masalah kesehatan oral seperti karies dan penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian karies pada anak dengan sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas di SLB C Jakarta. Subjek penelitian berasal dari 43 SLB C di Jakarta. Total subjek adalah 174 anak dengan sindroma Down usia 14 sampai 53 tahun. Pemeriksaan karies dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan klinis menggunakan indeks DMF-T. Hasil penelitian ditemukan indeks DMF-T 5,90 pada total subjek dengan prevalensi karies sebesar 84,48 . Kesimpulan studi ini adalah terdapat tingkat kejadian karies yang tinggi pada anak dengan sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas di SLB C Jakarta dengan indeks DMF-T sebesar 5,90."

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Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome children have variety of oral characteristics and have oral problem such as caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to know frequency distribution of caries in Down syndrome children aged 14 years and over in SLB C Jakarta. Subjects of this study are from 43 SLB C in Jakarta. Total of subjects are 174 Down syndrome children aged 14 to 53. Caries examination was done by clinically using DMF T index. The result of this study is 5,90 DMF T index in total subject population with 84,48 caries prevalence. This study conclude that Down syndrome children aged 14 years and over in SLB C Jakarta have high caries experience with DMF T index scored 5,90."

"Skripsi ini mengkaji tentang pengasuhan anak down syndrome dalam keluarga Jawa dalam upaya dadi wong di masa depan. Dadi wong merupakan konsep kesuksesan yang bersifat totalitas tetapi lentur dan dapat disesuaikan dengan kemampuan maksimal setiap individu. Keterlambatan fisik dan mental yang dimiliki oleh anak down syndrome tidak mematahkan semangat orangtua untuk menjadikan anaknya dadi wong dengan melakukan pelbagai strategi penyesuaian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan dan wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan data life history dari keluarga yang memiliki anak down syndrome. Data ini diharapkan dapat menjelaskan cara pengasuhan anak down syndrome dalam keluarga Jawa di Jakarta yang tetap mengupayakan dadi wong di masa depan.

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This thesis examines the down syndrome child rearing in the Javanese family who strive to be dadi wong in the future. Dadi wong is a concept of success that is totality but flexible and adjustable according to the maximum ability of each individual. The physical and mental retardation of down syndrome children does not discourage parents to make their children to be dadi wong by performing various adjustment. This thesis used a qualitative approach. Data collected by observation and in depth interview method from families who have down syndrome children. This data is expected to explain how to rear down syndrome children from Javanese family who live in Jakarta and seeking dadi wong in the future."

"Sindroma Down merupakan keadaan luar biasa yang disebabkan oleh kelainan genetik kromosom (Payne & Patton, 1981). Kelainan kromosom inilah yang menyebabkan anak-anak Sindroma Down memiliki keterbatasan-keterbatasan pada kemampuan intelektual dan fisiologisnya, serta memiliki sejumlah masalah dalam kesehatan dan perilakunya. Untuk itu diperlukan berbagai upaya untuk menumbuhkembangkan potensi dan kemampuan yang ada dalam diri anak-anak Sindroma Down ini. Salah satu layanan yang bertujuan menumbuhkembangkan potensi dan kemampuan secara maksimal anak-anak Sindroma Down ini adalah layanan pendidikan luar biasa.Salah satu kunci keberhasilan menumbuhkembangkan kemampuan dan potensi yang ada dalam diri anak-anak Sindroma Down dalam layanan pendidikan luar biasa adalah melalui pembinaan hubungan yang kolaboratif antara orangtua dan guru. Hubungan yang kolaboratif ini merupakan hubungan rekan kerja yang sejajar antara orangtua dan guru yang sifatnya saling melengkapi dengan saling berkomunikasi dan bekerjasama (Porter & McKenzie, 2000). Dengan hubungan yang kolaboratif ini maka terjadi komunikasi dua arah antara orangtua dan guru. Di satu sisi guru menjadi kolaborator dengan para orangtua sebagai pemberi informasi dan pemecahan masalah (Turnbull, Turbiville, & Turnbull, 2000). Di sisi lain orangtua dapat diberdayakan menjadi fasilitatorlpenghubung pendidikan anak antara lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan rumah (Porter, 2002), karena orangtua pada dasarnya adalah pengasuh bagi anaknya, yang berperan menjadi guru, pelatih, dan juga sekaligus sebagai pengarah kemampuan sosial anaknya (Hanson, 2003). Oleh karena itu, peneliti merasa perlu melakukan penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran hubungan antara orangtua dan guru dalam layanan pendidikan Iuar biasa khususnya bagi anak-anak Sindroma Down. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi panting bagi para orangtua dan pihak sekolah, betapa pentingnya peran serta orangtua dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan bagi anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Hasil penelitian ini berupa data demografis subjek penelitian, gambaran kemampuan komunikasi dan sikap guru, gambaran hubungan rekan kerja yang sejajar antara orangtua dan guru, gambaran dukungan sosial yang diberikan guru, dan gambaran keterlibatan orangtua dalam program pendidikan anak. Data-data ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan desain non-experimental dengan metode kualitatif secara in-depth interview terhadap 3 orang subjek orangtua yang memiliki anak Sindroma Down yang sedang menjalani pendidikan luar biasa selama kurang dari 6 tahun, dimana ketiga orangtua tersebut memiliki tingkat pendidikan terakhir setara dengan sarjana dan terlibat langsung dalam penanganan anak-anaknya dalam menjalani kegiatan-kegiatan sekolah anaknya.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa hubungan orangtua - guru khusus dalam layanan pendidikan Iuar biasa bagi anak-anak Sindroma Down pada umumnya sudah baik dalam berkomunikasi dan dalam pembinaan hubungan rekan kerja yang sejajar namun belum menunjukkan hubungan yang kolaboratif karena orangtua merasa belum diberdayakan sebagai penghubunglfasilitator pendidikan anak mereka antara lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan rumah, sehingga para guru masih berperan sebagai pengajar dan pelaksana isi kurikulum, serta sebagai pemberi laporanlevaluasi atas basil proses pembelajaran anak didiknya kepada pihak orangtua.Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan tidak diikusertakannya para orangtua dalam pengambilan keputusan dan pelaksanaan program pendidikan individual anak. Faktor utama tidak diikusertakannya para orangtua dalam pengambilan keputusan dan pelaksanaan program pendidikan individual anak disebabkan karena adanya sistem pendidikan luar biasa di Indonesia yang secara khusus tidak mengadakan program pendidikan anak secara individual balk dalam pelaksanaannya maupun dalam perencanaannya. Oleh karena itu program pendidikan bagi anak-anak sudah ditentukan dalam suatu kurikulum pendidikan luar biasa yang telah ditetapkan oleh Depdiknas, sehingga para guru ini hanya berperan sebagai pengajar dan pelaksana isi kurikulum tersebut."

"Anomali gigi merupakan gangguan tumbuh kembang yang umum dialami oleh penyandang sindroma Down, terdiri dari anomali jumlah, ukuran, bentuk dan struktur. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi anomali gigi pada penyandang sindroma Down di Jakarta. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional pada 174 penyandang sindroma Down usia 14 tahun ke atas yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil: Anomali jumlah hipodonsia 80.90 , supernumerari 6.74 dan kombinasi hipodonsia dan supernumerari 12.36 . Anomali ukuran mikrodonsia 98.81 dan makrodonsia 1.19 . Anomali bentuk fusi 66.675 dan talon cusp 33.33 . Anomali struktur hipoplasia enamel 70.83 , hipokalsifikasi enamel 12.50 , kombinasi hipoplasia dan hipokalsifikasi enamel 4.17 dan diskolorasi gigi 12.50. Kesimpulan: Penyandang sindroma Down di SLB C Jakarta menampilkan prevalensi anomali gigi yang cukup tinggi dengan hipodonsia dan mikrodonsia sebagai anomali paling sering terjadi serta menunjukkan kecenderungan pada laki-laki.

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Dental anomaly is a common developmental disorder experienced by people with Down syndrome consisting of number, size, shape and structure anomalies.

Aim: This research aims to describe the frequency distribution of number, size, shape and dental anomalies structure in people with Down syndrome aged 14 years and above in Jakarta.

Method: The method of this research is descriptive with cross sectional design done on 174 people with Down syndrome aged 14 years and above chosen with purposive sampling technique.

Result: Anomalies of number hypodontia 80.90, supernumerary 12.36 and combination of hypodontia and supernumerary 12.36. Anomalies of size microdontia 98.81 and macrodontia 1.19. Anomalies of shape fusion 66.67 and talon's cusp 33.33 Anomalies of structure enamel hypoplasia 70.83 , enamel hypocalcification 4.17, combination of enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification 12.50 and tooth discoloration 12.50.

Conclusion: People with Down syndrome in SLB C Jakarta showed a high prevalence of dental anomalies with hypodontia and microdontia as the most common anomalies that have a tendency in boys."

"Anak down syndrome dengan keterbatasanya mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih banyak dari orang tua dibandingkan sibling. Perbedaan perlakuan antar anak oleh orang tua dapat mempengaruhi hubungan antar saudara dan pola asuh yang dilakukan orang tua juga dapat mempengaruhi dimensi hubungan yang berkaitan dengan kualitas sibling relationships. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan sibling relationship pada anak down syndrome. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 60 responden orang tua yang dipilih melalui teknik cluster sampling menggunakan instrumen Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) dan Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukan 73.9% responden menerapkan pola asuh autoritatif dan 61.67% terbentuk sibling relationship positif antara anak down syndrome dan sibling. Hasil analisis bivariat uji fisher exact memperoleh hasil p value <0.001 (<0.05). Hasil ini menunjukan adanya hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan sibling relationship pada anak down syndrome. Peneliti merekomendasikan mengikutsertakan sibling dalam penelitian selanjutnya untuk melengkapi data dari sisi sibling.

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Children with Down syndrome with their limitations get more attention from their parents than their siblings. Differences in treatment between children by parents can affect the relationship between siblings and parenting style by parents can also affect the dimensions of the relationship related to the quality of sibling relationships. This study aims to identify the relationship between parenting style and sibling relationship in children with Down syndrome. The study used a cross-sectional approach to 60 parent respondents who were selected through a cluster sampling technique using the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ) instruments. The results showed that 73.9% of respondents adopted authoritative parenting and 61.67% formed a positive sibling relationship between children with Down syndrome and siblings. The results of the bivariate analysis of the Fisher's exact test obtained a p value <0.001 (<0.05). These results indicate that there is a relationship between parenting style and sibling relationship in children with Down syndrome. Researchers recommend including sibling in future research to complete data from sibling side."

"Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) memiliki kemampuan delay of gratification yang rendah. Mereka mengalami kesulitan saat harus menunggu dan menunda kepuasan. Sementara kemampuan delay of gratification diperlukan agar dapat menyesuaikan dengan tuntutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah tentang peran scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory terhadap kemampuan delay of gratification anak dengan DS. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap penelitian dimana masing-masing tahap menggunakan rancangan penelitian explanatory sequential mixed methods. Penelitian kuantitatif tahap pertama bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) korelasi waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial, dan physical pleasure menurut persepsi ibu (2) hubungan dimensi dan tipe scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak dan kemampuan delay of gratification. Penelitian kualitatif bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kemampuan delay of gratification anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan rendah saat bermain lego. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dengan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial dan physical pleasure yang dipersepsi ibu. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time anak adalah direction maintenance dan frustration control. Tipe scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time adalah speech disertai gesture. Hasil penelitian kualitatif terhadap tiga orang ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan empat ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah saat bermain lego menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama saat menjalankan tugas delay dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Penelitian tahap kedua bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) perbedaan waiting time saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan ketika anak berada sendirian (2) hubungan dimensi scaffolding dengan kemampuan delay of gratification (3) kesesuaian antara model dinamika hubungan antar variabel scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory dan kemampuan delay of gratification dengan data (model fit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan waiting time secara signifikan antara saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan saat anak berada sendirian. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan kemampuan delay of gratification adalah direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. Tipe scaffolding speech disertai gesture berkorelasi positif dengan kemampuan delay of gratification. Model teoritis yang diusulkan fit dengan data. Penelitian kualitatif tahap kedua menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi saat menjalankan tugas delay memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Implikasinya adalah ibu disarankan memberikan scaffolding berupa direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration dan frustration control, yang diberikan melalui speech disertai gesture.

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Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a low delay of gratification ability. They have difficulty waiting and delaying gratification. Meanwhile, the delay of gratification capability is needed in order to adapt to environment demands. This study aims to examine the role of scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and the delay of gratification ability of children with DS. This study consisted of two stages of research where each stage used an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. The first stage of quantitative research aims to prove (1) the correlation of waiting time when children perform delay tasks and the ability of delay gratification in the food, social interaction, and physical pleasure domain according to mother's perception (2) the relationnship between dimensions and types of scaffolding in mother-child interactions and the delay of gratification ability. The qualitative research aims to get a description of the delay of gratification ability of children from mothers with high and low scaffolding scores when playing lego. Quantitative data analysis used the Spearman Rho correlation test. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between waiting time when the child performed a delay task with the delay of gratification ability in the food, social interactions and physical pleasure domain perceived by mothers. The scaffolding dimensions which correlate with children's waiting time are direction maintenance and frustration control. The type of scaffolding that correlates with waiting time is speech accompanied by gesture. The results of a qualitative study of three mothers with high scaffolding scores and four mothers with low scaffolding scores while playing lego illustrate that mothers with high scaffolding scores have children with a longer waiting time while carrying out delay tasks than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The second stage of research aims to prove (1) the difference in waiting time when with mother, with mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child is alone (2) the relationship between the scaffolding dimension and the delay of gratification ability (3) the suitability dynamic models of the relationship between scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and delay of gratification ability with data (model fit). The results showed that there was a significant difference in waiting time between with the mother, with the mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child was alone. The dimensions of scaffolding that correlate with the delay of gratification ability are direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. The type of scaffolding speech accompanied by gesture has a positive correlation with the ability to delay gratification. The proposed theoretical model is fit with the data. The second stage of qualitative research illustrates that mothers with high scaffolding scores while carrying out delay tasks have children with a longer waiting time than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The implication is that mothers are suggested to provide scaffolding in the form of direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration and frustration control, which is given through speech accompanied by gestures."

"ABSTRAKPada tahun 2013, prevalensi anak dengan sindroma Down meningkat menjadi 13 dari anak yang lahir. Facial, Leg, Activiry, Cry, and Consolability FLACC merupakan instrumen penilaian rasa sakit yang dapat digunakan pada anak dengan sindroma Down. Enzim alfa amilase saliva merupakan enzim yang berada di dalam saliva dan dianggap mampu menjadi biomarker terhadap rasa cemas. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukan bahwa baik alfa amilase saliva maupun rasa sakit dapat meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan aktivitas sistem Sympatho Adrenal Medullary SAM . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara skor FLACC dan nilai alfa amilase saliva selama prosedur anestesi lokal injeksi untuk esktraksi gigi sulung pada anak dengan sindroma Down. Metode consecutive sampling dilakukan untuk mendapatkan 25 subjek dengan sindroma Down. Pengamatan skor FLACC dilakukan pada saat injeksi. Pengambilan nilai ASS dilakukan dengan alat Nipro Cocorometer sewaktu dan 10 menit setelah injeksi dilakukan. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Uji Korelasi Spearman dengan batas kemaknaan p le;0,05. Terdapat hubungan positif r=0,64 antara skor FLACC dengan nilai alfa amilase saliva selama perawatan dental pada anak dengan sindroma Down.

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ABSTRACTThe number of babies born with Down syndrome increased by about 13 in 2013. Facial, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability FLACC scale is an instrument that can be used to assess pain for children with Down syndrome. Salivary Alpha Amylase is an enzyme that can be found in saliva and believed to be a biomarker for reliable anxiety. Several studies showed that the value of salivary alpha amylase and pain were increased along with the activity of Sympatho Adrenal Medullary SAM system. The aim of this study was to analyzed the correlation between salivary alpha amylase and FLACC pain score during local anesthetic injection for extraction of deciduous teeth in children with Down syndrome. A consecutive sampling was used to select 25 children with Down syndrome. FLACC was assessed during the treatment. The value of salivary alpha amylase was taken with Nipro Cocorometer at the time, and 10 minutes after injection. Obtained data were analyzed using Spearman Correlation test. The significant level was set at p le 0.05. There was a strong correlation between salivary alpha amylase and FLACC pain score."

"Latar belakang. Sindrom vena kava superior adalah kumpulan gejala akibat penekanan atau infiltrasi terhadap vena kava superior dan merupakan kegawatdaruratan medis yang perlu ditatalaksana segera. Penilaian karakteristik dan kesintasan penting dalam menentukan diagnosa dan tatalaksana pasien SVKS. Tujuan. Mengetahui karakteristik dan kesintasan 90 hari pasien SVKS di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusomo dan Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais. Metode. Studi menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif yang dilakukan melalui catatan rekam medik pasien SVKS selama bulan Januari 2000 hingga Desember 2011 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusomo dan Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais. Hasil. Dari 151 subjek penelitian, terbanyak didapatkan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki (76,2 %), rentang umur 46-60 tahun (46,3%) dengan manifestasi yang sering ditemukan berupa sesak napas, distensi vena leher dan bengkak di wajah. Gambaran radiologis massa yang tersering adalah di bagian mediastinum superior. Non small cell lung cancer merupakan jenis penyebab SVKS yang terbanyak. Kesintasan kumulatif pasien SVKS dalam 90 hari adalah 54% dengan rerata kesintasan adalah 42,5 (SE 5,2) hari serta gambaran kesintasan yang menetap mulai hari ke-60. Kesimpulan. Kejadian SVKS terbanyak ditemukan pada pasien non small cell lung cancer, jenis kelamin laki-laki dan rentang usia 46-60 tahun dengan manifestasi klinis yang sering ditemukan adalah sesak napas, distensi vena leher dan bengkak pada wajah. Kesintasan kumulatif pasien SVKS dalam 90 hari adalah 54% dengan rerata kesintasan adalah 42,5 (SE 5,2) hari serta gambaran kesintasan yang menetap mulai hari ke-60.

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Introduction. Superior vena cava syndrome is a syndrome due to compression or infiltration to superior vena cava and is a medical emergency that needs to be managed immediately. The study of characteristic and survival rate of SVCS patients. is important to determine the diagnosis and treatment.

Objective. To obtain the characteristic and 90 days survival rate of SVCS patients in Cipto Mangunkusomo and Dharmais Cancer Hospital.

Methods. This is a restrospective cohort study conducted through medical record of SVCS patients during January 2000 to December 2011 in Cipto Mangunkusomo and Dharmais Cancer Hospital.

Result. The study population was 151 subjects and most of the patients were male (76.2%). The age of the patient mostly range from 46 to 60 years old (46,3%). Dyspnoe, neck vein distention and facial swelling were the frequent chief complains. The location of the mass based on radiological examination was found mostly in superior mediastinum. Non small cell lung cancer is the most common etiology of SVCS patient. The cumulative survival of SVCS patient in 90 days is 54 %, mean survival was 42.5 (SE 5.2) and the survival rate showed plateau appearance from the day of 60th.

Conclusion. Superior Vein Cava Syndrome patients in this study mostly due to non small cell lung cancer, found mostly in males and the age range was 46-60 years old. Dyspnoe, neck vein distention and facial swelling were the frequent chief complains. The cumulative survival of SVCS patient in 90 days is 54 %, mean survival was 42.5 (SE 5.2) and the survival rate showed plateau appearance from the day of 60th."