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"ABSTRAKAmerican Dream adalah etos nasional dari negara Amerika Serikat; sebuah konsep dimana semua orang bisa menjadi sukses di Amerika Serikat jika bekerja keras. Meskipun terkesan positif, sisi lain dari American Dream yang bisa menjadi berbahaya bagi orang-orang yang mempercayainya sering menjadi tema dari banyak karya literatur dan film. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menganalisis There Will Be Blood, sebuah film karya sutradara Paul Thomas Anderson yang dirilis tahun 2007, sebagai kritik kepada konsep American Dream. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa film There Will Be Blood ini menunjukkan konsep American Dream itu tidak seideal kelihatannya

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ABSTRACTThe American Dream is the national ethos of the United States; a dream that everyone has a chance to success through hard work. The possibility that the pursuit of American Dream can be dangerous and lethal is used as a recurring theme in many literature works and films. This paper attempts to analyze There Will Be Blood, a 2007 film by Paul Thomas Anderson, as a critique to American Dream concept. This research will use James Truslow Adams definition of American Dream as a framework. The result of the study shows that the concept of American Dream is not as ideal as it seems in the movie There Will Be Blood."

"ABSTRAKThe scarcity of blood that is still happening today is the result of a combination of high blood needs and the difficulty of recruiting and maintaining donors. There is no research discover the substitute that can replace the role of blood, therefore the only source is from donations or blood donors. Approximately 80% of total blood donations collected by American Red Cross are come from blood drive events. Because blood has 6-hour spoilage time, donated blood at various donation locations must be collected and sent to a blood center for processing in less than 6 hours. This research study the Maximum Blood Collection Routing Problem (MBCRP). This problem is the extension of Vehicle Routing Problem with Time-Window (VRPTW) by considering the spoilage time limitation in blood. A mathematical model with objective to maximize total blood collection is built to cope with this problem. The mathematical model will be tested for verification and validation. The model is written in a computer programming language using AMPL software and is solved using the CPLEX solver. Furthermore, the results of verification and validation tests will be evaluated to see the applicability of the model."

"This book contain : * Enables both the haematologist and laboratory scientist to identify blood cell features, from the most common to the more obscure * Provides essential information on methods of collection, blood film preparation and staining, together with the principles of manual and automated blood counts * Completely revised and updated, incorporating much newly published information: now includes advice on further tests when a specific diagnosis is suspected *400 high quality photographs to aid with blood cell identification * Highlights the purpose and clinical relevance of haematology laboratory tests throughout."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil pemeriksaan hematologi rutin dan morfologi darah tepi eritrosit pada sampel darah dengan berbagai konsentrasi antikoagulan Na2EDTA yang berbeda. Penditian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Bahan penelitian berupa 33 sampel darah vena mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran UGM Yogyakarta. Dua ml darah dibagi ke datum 4 tabling Na2EDTA yang masing-masing berisi antikoagulan dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Tabung pertama berisi Na2EDTA konsentrasi standar, 2 mg/dl, tabung yang lain secara berurutan berisi Na2EDTA dengan konsentrasi 4 mg/dl, 6 mg/dl, and 8 mg/dl. Sebelumnya dibuat sediaan hapus langsung dari setetes darah tanpa antikoagulan (sebagai kontrol) untuk pemeriksaan morfologi darah tepi (MDT). Darah dalam keempat tabung tersebut segera dilakukan pembuatan sediaan hapus dan diperiksa profit hematologi eritrositnya menggunakan SYSMEX SE-9500 automatic analyzer. Terdapat penurunan yang bermakna dari hitung eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan MCHC serta peningkatan yang bermakna dari nilai MCV dan RDW antara konsentrasi Na2EDTA yang berlebihan, sedangkan nilai MCH tidak ada perbedaan. Pemeriksaan MDT menunjukkan perubahan yang bermakna pada bentuk echinocytes serta ditemukan gambaran ghost cells pada sampel darah dengan Na2EDTA yang berlebihan. Disimpulkan bahwa antikoagulan Na2EDTA yang berlebihan akan berpengaruh terhadap morfologi dan beberapa parameter hematologi eritrosit. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:157-64)

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The purpose of this study is to know whether there are differences between hematology profile and morphology of erythrocyles of blood specimens which are prepared with excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant in different concentration. This study was conducted in Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University. The criteria of subject were male, age from 18 until 22 years old and healthy, ascertained from history taking and vital sign examination. Blood samples from 33 subjects were taken using vein puncture. Two millimeters blood was divided into 4 Na2EDTA-containing tube's. Before that, one drop of blood without Na2EDTA anticoagulant was used for making control blood film right after vein puncture. Each tubes contained different concentration of anticoagulant. The first tube contained Na2EDTA in standard concentration 2 mg/dl; the remaining tubes contained consecutively, 4 mg/dl, 6 mg/dl, and 8 mg/dl. Those samples were immediately examined using SYSMEX SE-9500 automatic analyzer for measuring erythrocytes hematological profile and were stained with Wright staining far morphological examination. These procedures were done before 20 minutes of vein puncture. There were significant decrease ofRBC count, HGB, HCT, and MCHC and also significant increase of MCV and RDW between different concentrations of excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant. MCH did not have significant result. Morphological examination showed significant morphological changes in the form of echinocytes and appearance of ghost cells in the sample treated with excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant concentration. In conclusion, there are differences in hematological profile and morphology of erythrocytes among blood specimen which are prepared with excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant in different concentration, except for MCH. Excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant concentration will affect the blood specimen for peripheral blood examination of erythrocytes by interfering morphology and some of hematological parameters. (Med J Indones 2006; J 5:157-64)"

"ABSTRAKBackground of the study, materials and methods: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is still an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure changes during pregnancy especially in the second- and third trimester is very important to be monitored properly during prenatal care through routine blood pressure measurement as an early detection for prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Though its etiology is still unknown, based on various epidemiological studies some nutritional- and non- nutritional factors were believed to be its predisposing factors, which also should be considered during prenatal care. A study had been carried out on 45 pregnant women in all 14 RW of Kelurahan Utan Kayu Selatan, Jakarta, Indonesia. They were followed fortnightly for a 6 weeks observational period to see the relationships between magnesium concentration in serum and in erythrocyte, and blood pressures changes in their second- and/or third trimester, and to see also factors that might influence this blood pressure changes. Anthropometrics, clinical, biochemical, and dietary assessments were done to gather data needed for this observational study. The data was analyzed using statistical tests at alpha equal to 0.05 as the significance level. Results and conclusion: Hypertension based on the operational definition of this study was found in 4.4% of the subjects. Blood pressure changes in pregnancy in this study only significantly related to primigravida. The intakes of calorie, protein, saturated fatty acid, sodium and magnesium were found to be significantly different (p < 0.001) compared to its RDA, yet no significant was found with blood pressure changes/hypertension. Magnesium concentration in serum was mostly within the normal range (1.9 - 2.5 mg/dl) in 73.33% of the subjects, while magnesium concentration in erythrocyte was mostly lower than the normal range (5.7 - 7.5 mg/dl) in 73.33 % of the subjects. The concentration of magnesium in erythrocyte was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the normal level after the 20th week of gestation. The data did not show any significant correlation on the relationship between the concentration of magnesium both in serum and in erythrocyte with blood pressure changes / hypertension."

"Perubahan iklim telah menjadi isu global dan diyakini disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia yang berhubungan dengan produksi gas rumah kaca (greenhouse gases), salah satunya adalah karbon dioksida. Peningkatan konsentrasi karbon dioksida memberikan efek tidak hanya pada lingkungan sekitar, tetapi juga sistem tubuh. Kejadian ini dihubungkan dengan kemunculan berbagai penyakit akibat kondisi hiperkapnia yang menimbulkan efek merusak pada sel dan jaringan tubuh, termasuk sistem imun. PBMC merupakan salah satu komponen penting sistem imun yang berperan sebagai lini pertama tubuh dalam menghadapi berbagai perubahan lingkungan, termasuk peningkatan karbon dioksida. Tingkat karbon dioksida tinggi dapat menimbulkan perubahan pada ekspresi berbagai gen yang berperan dalam meregulasi respon seluler terhadap perubahan yang ada. Salah satu gen yang dimaksud adalah HIF-1α. HIF-1α merupakan salah satu protein faktor transkripsi utama dalam tubuh yang berfungsi untuk mengatur berbagai macam mekanisme seluler terhadap keadaan hipoksia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut mengenai efek peningkatan karbon dioksida terhadap ekspresi HIF-1α pada PBMC. PBMC dipisahkan teknik sentrifugasi, kemudian dikultur dan disimpan dalam empat keadaan yang berbeda (5% CO2 24 jam, 15% CO2 24 jam, 5% CO2 48 jam, dan 15% CO2 48 jam). Kemudian, RNA diisolasi dan dicek dengan teknik reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. Hasil dari kelompok sampel 24 jam menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hal tingkat ekspresinya. Sedangkan pada kelompok sampel 48 jam, hasil menunjukkan perbedaan ekspresi yang tidak signifikan. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya penurunan ekspresi HIF-1α ketika peningkatan karbon dioksida terjadi. Akan tetapi, ekspresi HIF-1α menunjukkan sedikit peningkatan setelah perlakuan selama 48 jam.

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Climate change has become a major global issue since the past few years, and it is caused by human activities related to the emissions of greenhouse gases, one of which is carbon dioxide. Elevated level of carbon dioxide has been found to affect not only our environment, but also our body system. It is linked to many adverse clinical outcomes due to the hypercapnic condition towards many cells and tissues, including our immune system. PBMCs, a major components of immune system, are the first-line defence against various environmental changes, including increased carbon dioxide level. High carbon dioxide are thought to cause alterations of numerous genes expression, including HIF-1α, resulting in defective cellular response. HIF-1α is one of the most important transcription factor proteins for numerous cellular mechanisms related to hypoxia. Therefore, this research is aimed to study about the effects of increased carbon dioxide towards HIF-1α expression in PBMCs. PBMCs are separated from the blood by centrifugation, cultured, and treated under four different conditions (5% CO2 24 hours, 15% CO2 24 hours, 5% CO2 48 hours, and 15% CO2 48 hours. The RNA are then isolated and tested by reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. The result of 24-hour group showed a significant difference in the mRNA expression, unlike the difference in expression showed by the result of 48-hour group. In conclusion, the result showed that the expression of HIF-1α was decreased upon treated with increased carbon dioxide level. The expression, however, slightly increase after 48-hour period."