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"Hubungan budaya antarabangsa sudah digunakan sebagai instrumen diplomatik oleh negara industri maju dalam mengejar kepentingan ekonomi dan strategis nasional mereka. Disertasi ini membahas hubungan budaya antarabangsa antara Jepang dan Indonesia dari kurun waktu 1967 sampai 1987, berfokus pada program pertukaran kebudayaan dan pendidikan dari program hubungan budaya antarabangsa Jepang. Saya berpendapat bahwa pemerintah Jepang telah dan masih akan menjalankan hubungan budaya antarabangsa dengan Indonesia sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan keuntungan politik dan ekonomi mereka. Keuntungan yang didapat Indonesia adalah masalah kedua.Salah satu saluran utama pemerintah Jepang dalam memberikan bantuan program budaya untuk Indonesia adalah melalui Official Development Assistance (ODA), khususnya melalui tipe tertentu dari proyek hibah. Program kerja sama teknik diberikan melalui Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), program beasiswa melalui Kementerian Pendidikan, Monbusho. Adapun program khusus budaya dikelola oleh Japan Foundation. Sejak awal tahun 1960-an, ketiga lembaga ini memberi pendidikan dan pelatihan teknis untuk orang Indonesia yang memiliki potensi menjadi orang yang berpengaruh.Saya menyimpulkan bahwa, meskipun cita-cita utopis secara resmi ditawarkan untuk menjelaskan hubungan budaya Jepang dengan Indonesia, melalui hibah bantuan yang terlihat murah hati, manfaat arus budaya itu sejatinya untuk melayani kepentingan politik dan ekonomi dari Jepang sebagai bangsa pengirim. Program budaya Jepang menularkan manfaat lebih sedikit untuk Indonesia sebagai bangsa penerima. Dengan demikian, hubungan Jepang dengan negara Asia Tenggara mengingatkan banyak orang terhadap pendekatan imperialis yang mereka tunjukkan di masa lalu.

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International cultural relations are used as diplomatic instruments by wealthy industrialised nations in pursuit of national economic and strategic interests. This dissertation examines Japan-Indonesia cultural relations from 1967-1987, focussing on educational and cultural exchange programs as the most influential of Japan?s international cultural relations programs. I argue that the Japanese government has pursued, and still does pursue, cultural relations with Indonesia seeking foremost political and economic benefit for Japan. Benefits for Indonesia are a secondary concern.One of the main vehicles through which the Japanese government delivers cultural programs to Indonesia has been Official Development Assistance (ODA), particularly through specific types of grant projects. Technical programs are delivered mainly through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and scholarship programs are through the Ministry of Education, Monbusho. Programs that are specifically cultural are administered by the Japan Foundation. All three bodies have provided education and technical training for influential Indonesians from the inception of these programs in the late 1960s.I conclude that, even though utopian ideals are offered to officially explain Japan?s cultural relations with Indonesia, a position substantiated by seemingly generous aid grants, the cultural flows and their rewards serve primarily the political and economic interests of Japan as the sending nation. Japan?s cultural programs bring less benefit to Indonesia as the recipient nation. It is thus a relationship redolent of Japan?s past imperialist approach to Southeast Asian nations."

"Fokus Penelitian int yaitu bantuan luar negeri Jepang ke India. ODA adalah program Development Assistance Committe (DAC) bagi negara maju untuk memberikan bantuan kepada negara yang sedang berkembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat induktif dengan metode kajian kepustakaan yaitu analisis isi. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan bantuan luar negeri Jepang ke India khususnya dalam bentuk pinjaman Yen periode 2000 sampai dengan 2008. Peningkatan tersebut terfokus pada perbaikan infrastruktur India yang sebenarnya adalah untuk memfasilitasi investor Jepang di India. ODA Jepang dinilai mempunyai pengaruh terhadap investasi Jepang, tetapi terhadap investasi asing selain Jepang tidak berpengaruh. Dengan membuat kebijakan luar negeri dalam bentuk ODA, Jepang berusaha mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya. Kebijakan tersebut disusun berdasarkan kepentingan negara Jepang terhadap negara lain.

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This study focused on Japanese Foreign Aid (Official Development Assistance) toward India. ODA is Development Assistance Commitee (DAC) program for developed countries to provide assistance to developing countries. This study using inductive qualitative approaches with data analysis from literature review.

From the research, it is found that there are an increasing on Japanese foreign aid toward India particularly on Yen loan periode 2000 to 2008. The enhancement focused on infrastructure improvements, which actually to facilitate Japanese investment in India. Japan’s ODA has effect toward Japanese investement in India, but has no effect for other foreign investment. ODA is a tool of Japanese foreign policy to achieve Japan’s national interests. That policy were formulated based on what the interests of Japan to other countries."

"ABSTRAKPada tahun 2014, Indonesia memberikan bantuan luar negeri ke Fiji sebesar 1 juta Dollar Fiji atau sekitar US 528.899 yang digunakan untuk membantu Akademi Kepolisian Regional di Nasova, Suva. Namun, kondisi perekonomian Indonesia pada saat itu sedang mengalami penurunan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa adanya suatu tujuan tertentu dari bantuan luar negeri yang diberikan oleh Indonesia ke Fiji. Berangkat dari fenomena di atas, peneliti merumuskan pertanyaan penelitian berupa: ldquo;Mengapa Indonesia Memberikan Bantuan Luar Negeri ke Fiji saat kondisi perekonomiannya sedang mengalami penurunan di Tahun 2014? rdquo; Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami motif dari bantuan luar negeri yang diberikan oleh Indonesia ke Fiji pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah motif bantuan luar negeri milik Lancaster 2007 dan Riddel 2007 . Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motif politik lebih dominan dalam pemberian bantuan luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia ke Fiji pada tahun 2014. Tujuan politik tersebut adalah menjadikan Fiji sebagai hub untuk mendapatkan akses ke negara-negara di Kawasan Pasifik Selatan lainnya. Akses ini dibutuhkan oleh Indonesia untuk menghentikan dukungan internasional dari negara-negara di Kawasan Pasifik Selatan terhadap gerakan separatisme di Papua Barat.

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ABSTRACTIn 2014, Indonesia gave a foreign aid to Fiji with total 1 million Fiji Dollars or around 528,899 US Dollars. This had been used to help the Regional Police Academy at Nasova, Suva. However during that time, Indonesia rsquo s economic situation was declining. This indicates that there is a certain motive or interest behind Indonesia rsquo s foreign aid to Fiji. Based on that certain phenomenon, the researcher formulates a research question as follows ldquo Why Indonesia gave a foreign aid to Fiji when Indonesia rsquo s economic situation was declining in 2014 rdquo The purpose of this research is to understand the motives behind the foreign aid given by Indonesia to Fiji in 2014. This research uses qualitative research methods, with the data collecting in form of literature review. This research uses the Theory of Foreign Aid motives by Lancaster 2007 and Riddel 2007 . This research shows that the political motives are more dominant in foreign aid that was given by Indonesia to Fiji in 2014. The political purpose is to use Fiji as a hub to get access to other countries in the South Pacific region. This access is needed by Indonesia to stop the international support from the South Pacific region countries with regard to the separatism movement in West Papua."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini menganalisis motif bantuan luar negeri Indonesia ke Timor Leste periode 2010-2016. Analisis ini penting dilakukan mengingat Indonesia mendistribusikan bantuan terbesar ke Timor Leste pada periode tersebut. Besarnya bantuan tersebut kontradiktif dengan beberapa realita, pertama Timor Leste telah menerima bantuan yang besar dari donor internasional, mencapai 227 juta Dolar Amerika Serikat atau setara dengan 23 APBN negara tersebut. Kemudian, dari segi relasi internasional, Timor Leste hanya menempati konsentris kedua hubungan luar negeri Indonesia setelah negara-negara ASEAN, dan di saat yang sama Indonesia juga mengalami perlambatan ekonomi serta peningkatan defisit anggaran. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data, studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam yang didukung oleh konsep bantuan luar negeri sebagai alat analisis. Konsep ini mengasumsikan bahwa bantuan tidak bebas dari motif. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan studi ini menemukan bahwa ada tiga motif yang mendasari pemberian bantuan Indonesia ke Timor Leste, pertama motif politik-keamanan untuk menjaga kedaulatan dan citra Indonesia dari segala potensi ancaman instabilitas politik dan keamanan Timor Leste. Kedua yaitu motif ekonomi-komersial untuk peningkatan eksistensi ekonomi Indonesia di Timor Leste dengan ekspansi perdagangan dan investasi. Ketiga, motif sosial-budaya untuk menjaga dan memperkuat interaksi sosial yang positif antar kedua masyarakat dengan mendukung eksistensi identitas ke-Indonesian. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa motif politik-keamanan merupakan motif paling dominan dalam distribusi bantuan Indonesia ke Timor Leste sebagai upaya Indonesia untuk mempertahankan pengaruh influence di Timor Leste, walaupun negara tersebut sudah berpisah dari Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis analyses the motives of Indonesia rsquo s foreign aid to Timor Leste during 2010 2016. This analysis is important to be done, considering that Indonesia distributes biggest aid to Timor Leste during that period. This contradicts with some facts, first Timor Leste has received big amount of aid from international donor during that period, 227 million USD that equal 23 its national budget. Second, in terms of Indonesia rsquo s international relation, Timor Leste is positioned as second circle after ASEAN countries, at the same time Indonesia experienced an economic slowdown and the increasing of budget deficit. This study uses qualitative methodology with data collecting method literature review and in depth interview supported by foreign aid concept as a tool of analyses. This concept assume that aid is not avoid of motives. Based on the analyses of this study found three motives as a basis of Indonesia rsquo s foreign aid to Timor Leste. First, security political motive to preserve Indonesia rsquo s sovereignty and image form any potential threat causing political security instability in Timor Leste. Second, economic motive to improve Indonesia rsquo s economic presence by the expansion of trade and investment. Third, social cultural motive to preserve and embolden positive social interaction among the two society by supporting Indonesia rsquo s existence. Overall, we can conclude security political motive as the most dominant factor in Indonesia rsquo s aid distribution to Timor Leste as part of Indonesia effort to maintain its influence in Timor Leste, even thought that country seceded from Indonesia."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai transformasi sistem telekomunikasi Indonesia. Awalnya, Indonesia masih menggunakan sistem kabel laut untuk sarana telekomunikasi. Melihat kendala dalam penggunaan kabel laut, akhirnya sistem tersebut digantikan oleh teknologi gelombang mikro. Dibuatnya proyek Gelombang Mikro Nusantara ternyata tidak dapat menjangkau seluruh wilayah Indonesia, Pemerintah akhirnya melakukan perubahan yang besar terhadap telekomunikasi. Awalnya Pemerintah Indonesia hanya ingin menyewa satelit dari INTELSAT dan membangun Stasiun Bumi di Jatiluhur. Melihat potensi satelit dapat menjangkau wilayah Indonesia, akhirnya pemerintah Presiden Soeharto memutuskan untuk membangun satelit komunikasi untuk kepentingan domestik. Satelit tersebut dikenal dengan Satelit Palapa. Setelah Peluncuran Satelit Palapa, Palapa tidak hanya untuk bidang telekomunikasi melainkan juga sebagai penggerak Pembangunan Nasional di bidang-bidang lainnya.

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This undergraduate thesis is about transformation of technological in Indonesian telecommunication. Initially, Indonesia still uses the submarine cable technology for telecommunication facilities. Looking at the constraints on the use of submarine cables, eventually the system was replaced by microwave technology. The creation of ldquo Nusantara Microwave rdquo project was not able to reach all areas of Indonesia, the Government finally made major changes to telecommunications. Initially the Government of Indonesia just wanted to rent a satellite from INTELSAT and build Earth Station in Jatiluhur. Seeing the potential of the satellite can reach parts of Indonesia, President Suharto 39 s government finally decided to build a satellite communication for domestic purpose. That satellite is known as Satellite Palapa. After the launch of Palapa Satalitte, Palapa is not only for telecommunication but also as a driver of National Development in other fields."

"Studi ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan LDKPI Indonesia pada tahun 2019 yang mengindikasikan keinginan Indonesia untuk berperan aktif dalam arsitektur kerja sama pembangunan internasional. Pembentukan LDKPI ini penting diteliti dengan dua pertimbangan. Pertama, Indonesia selama ini telah aktif menjalankan bantuannya melalui skema Kerja Sama Selatan-Selatan (KSS) dengan prinsip-prinsip universal terkait KSS. Kedua, terjadi perubahan bentuk bantuan luar negeri yang diberikan oleh Indonesia melalui LDKPI. Dalam melakukan analisis, studi ini menggunakan teori reformasi bantuan luar negeri oleh Nilima Gulrajani yang menekankan enam indikator yang mendorong dilakukannya reformasi organisasi bantuan luar negeri suatu negara. Enam indikator tersebut yaitu penghematan fiskal, persaingan dengan aktor lain, keterbatasan cakupan, kemunculan emerging markets, kegagalan donor, dan ideologi politik. Metode kualitatif digunakan oleh studi ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ideologi politik Indonesia, yaitu Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan semangat solidaritas, serta kebutuhan Indonesia untuk melakukan penghematan fiskal merupakan faktor internal yang mendorong reformasi organisasi bantuan luar negeri Indonesia. Selain itu, posisi Indonesia sebagai emerging market mendorong Indonesia untuk menjadi donor aktif khususnya dalam KSS serta keinginan untuk memperluas cakupan bantuan Indonesia melalui skema lain turut menjadi faktor internal. Adapun kegagalan donor tradisional dalam mendorong tercapainya MDGs dan persaingan Indonesia antara donor Selatan lainnya menjadi faktor eksternal bagi Indonesia untuk pembentukan LDKPI.

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This study analyzes the factors that influenced the formation of Indonesia's LDKPI in 2019 which indicate Indonesia's desire to play an active role in the architecture of international development cooperation. The formation of this LDKPI is important to study with two considerations. First, Indonesia has been actively carrying out its assistance through the South-South Cooperation (KSS) scheme with universal principles related to SSC. Second, there has been a change in the form of foreign assistance provided by Indonesia through the LDKPI. In conducting the analysis, this study uses the theory of foreign aid reform by Nilima Gulrajani which emphasizes six indicators that encourage the reform of a country's foreign aid organization. The six indicators are fiscal savings, competition with other actors, limited scope, emergence of emerging markets, donor failures, and political ideology. Qualitative methods used by this study using a literature study approach. The results of this study indicate that Indonesia's political ideology, namely the 1945 Constitution and the spirit of solidarity, as well as Indonesia's need to make fiscal savings are internal factors that drive the reform of Indonesia's foreign aid organizations. In addition, Indonesia's position as an emerging market encourages Indonesia to become an active donor, especially in SSC and the desire to expand the scope of Indonesia's assistance through other schemes is also an internal factor. The failure of traditional donors in pushing for the achievement of the MDGs and Indonesia's competition between other Southern donors have become external factors for Indonesia to form the LDKPI."

"Tahun 2000 menandai hadirnya agenda pengentasan kemiskinan global dengan Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PRSPs sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi krisis legitimasi neoliberal. Meskipun konsensus yang ada menggeser prioritas bantuan untuk sektor sosial, Jepang masih mengkonsentrasikan bantuannya pada sektor infrastruktur ekonomi dan produksi. Anomali ini terus berlanjut meskipun terdapat berbagai kritik mengenai ketidakefektifan bantuan infrastruktur untuk pengentasan kemiskinan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat resistansi Jepang terhadap perubahan institusional bantuan luar negerinya. Dengan menggunakan kerangka path dependence, kontinuitas model bantuan Jepang dijelaskan dengan tiga faktor. Pertama adalah legitimasi gagasan pembangunan yang diakui oleh negara resipien dan masyarakat domestik, sehingga terefleksikan dalam program pengentasan kemiskinan di berbagai wilayah yang menyasar pada pembangunan infrastruktur pedesaan. Kedua adalah potensi keuntungan yang bisa didapatkan dari bantuan infrastruktur, yaitu peningkatan ekspor barang dan jasa serta destinasi investasi bagi perusahaan Jepang. Ketiga adalah inersia birokrasi dalam pembuatan kebijakannya, yang menempatkan MOFA dan METI pada posisi signifikan untuk membawa kepentingan nasional sedangkan NGO pada posisi subordinat yang sejatinya merupakan penggagas norma-norma altruisme. Namun, pada kawasan yang berbeda, terdapat derajat determinan berbeda pula dalam kontinuitas model tersebut. Pada wilayah Asia, pinjaman yen berjumlah besar untuk pembangunan infrastruktur cenderung untuk diberikan bagi negara-negara dengan tingkat pendapatan menengah. Hal ini berbeda dari negara terbelakang di Asia seperti CLMV dan negara berutang besar di Afrika yang cenderung menerima hibah karena kurangnya kredibilitas pembayaran utang. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menjadi suatu refleksi mengenai gagasan pengentasan kemiskinan bagi kajian bantuan luar negeri yang selama ini didominasi oleh tema-tema strategis donor.

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The year 2000 marked the emergence of global poverty alleviation agenda through Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers PRSPs as an effort to solve neoliberal rsquo s legitimacy crisis. While then consensus shifted aid priority for social sector, Japan still concentrated its aid around economic infrastructure and production sector. This anomaly continues in spite of mounting criticism about the ineffective infrastructure aid to alleviate poverty. This shows Japan rsquo s resistance toward the aid rsquo s institutional change. Using the framework of path dependence, the continuity of Japan rsquo s aid model is explained through three factos. First is legitimacy of development ideas recognized by recipient countries and domestic society thus reflected on the poverty alleviation programs in various regions which targets rural infrastructure development. Second is potential gains from infrastructure aid which are increase of export of commodity and service, as well as investment destination for Japanese private sectors. Third is bureaucracy inertia on the aid policymaking, which places MOFA and METI on significant position to bring up national interest while NGOs on the subordinate, when they can promote altruistic norms. However, different regions also have different degree of determinant within the continued model. In Asia region, big amount of yen loans for infrastructure development is given to middle income countries. This is different from Asia rsquo s least developing such as the CLMV and highly indebted African countries that tend to receive high amount of grants due to less credibility of debt repayment. This research findings becomes a reflection of poverty alleviation ideas for foreign aid studies that has been dominated by donors rsquo strategic themes."

"[ABSTRAKPenulisan skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum adanya payung hukum terhadap protokol manajemen krisis untuk mencegah dan menangani krisis perbankan yang terjadi di Indonesia. Krisis perbankan tersebut berdampak bukan hanya bagi kegiatan perekonomian negara, melainkan bagi keadaan politik yang begitu luas. Dalam penulisannya, metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu metode yang dilakukan dengan meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder.Tesis ini menyoroti sejarah krisis perbankan yang melanda Indonesia dan Inggris dan bagaimana mekanisme dan aplikasi Jaring Pengaman Sistem Keuangan yang ada pada masing-masing negara tersebut. Adapun pertimbangan yang melatarbelakangi penulis untuk mengakat tema ini adalah, kedua negara tersebut sama-sama terkena imbas krisis subprime mortgage dari US pada tahun 2008 dan keduanya sama-sama mengalami krisis perbankan akibat satu bank kecil yang berdampak sistemik. Namun, saat ini Inggris sudah memiliki Undang-Undang yang mengatur koordinasi antar lembaga/otoritas dalam mencegah krisis dan menjaga Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan negaranyaABSTRACTThe writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country;The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country, The writing of this thesis motivated by the absence of legal protection against the crisis management protocol to prevent and deal with the banking crisis that occurred in Indonesia. The banking crisis has an impact not only for the economic activities of the country, but also for a broad political circumstances. Method used in this writing is juridical-normative writing, which is done by examining material library or a mere secondary data.This thesis highlights the history of banking crisis that hit Indonesia and the UK and how the mechanism and application of the Financial System Safety Net that exist in each of these countries. As for the considerations underlying the author, to the theme of this is that these two countries are equally affected by the subprime mortgage crisis on the US in 2008 and both are experiencing a banking crisis as a result of a small bank with systemic impact. However, this time the UK already has a law that regulates the coordination between agencies / authorities in preventing crises and maintaining financial system stability country]"

"Penelitian ini melakukan identifikasi mengenai dampak kebutuhan pembangunan negara Indonesia dan kepentingan donor terhadap penentuan negara donor dalam menentukan jumlah besaran bantuan dana hibah dan pinjaman lunak ODA yang akan diberikan kepada negara recipient dalam kasus ini adalah Indonesia. Penelitian terdahulu lebih banyak membahas mengenai efektivitas dana bantuan terhadap pembangunan dan peneliti belum menemukan suatu gambaran yang jelas yang menyeluruh mengenai dugaan bahwa terdapat “agenda terselubung” dari negara donor besar dalam memberikan bantuannya yang ini bertentangan dengan prinsip bantuan bebas tidak terikat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode random effect dalam memberikan informasi secara umum mengenai perilaku negara donor dalam menentukan besaran jumlah bantuan ODA. Adapun faktor faktor yang lazim yang menjadi pedoman negara donor dalam menentukan besaran jumlah dana bantuan ODA dapat dikategorikan faktor kebutuhan negara berkembang dalam pembangunan dan kepentingan negara donor.

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This study identifies the impact of Indonesia's development needs and donors interests to the determination of the amount of grants and soft loans that will be provided by donor countries to Indonesia. Past research mostly to discuss about the effectiveness of aid to development and researchers have yet to find a clear picture overall concerning alleged that there is a hidden agenda of major donor countries to provide assistance that is contrary to the principle of free assistance. This study used random effect provide general information about the behavior of ODA’s provider countries in determining the amount of ODA. The common considerations that guide donors in determining the amount of ODA funds can be grouped as factors in the development needs of developing countries and the interests of donor countries."

"ABSTRAKBantuan luar negeri, sebagai sumber pendanaan pembangunan, sampai saat ini menimbulkan dua perdebatan utama mengenai model distribusi bantuan luar negeri: kepentingan pendonor dan kebutuhan negara penerima donor. Dengan studi kasus bantuan luar negeri Jepang dan Amerika Serikat ke Indonesia tahun 2000-2016, peneliti menganalisis variasi motif dalam pemberian bantuan luar negeri yang bersifat kepentingan donor, yaitu kepentingan ekonomi dan politik-strategis. Mengacu pada operasionalisasi teori dari Degnbol-Martinussen dan Engberg-Pedersen, fokus penelitian ini akan mengonfirmasi bahwa bantuan luar negeri merupakan sebuah alat komersil dan politik bagi negara pemberi bantuan luar negeri. Tujuan dari pemberian bantuan luar negeri adalah sebagai strategi perdagangan dan investasi di negara penerima donor, juga untuk menjaga keamanan nasional dari ancaman.

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ABSTRACT

Foreign aid, as a source of development funding, recently sparks some debate regarding two main models of foreign aid distribution whether it is because of the donor rsquo s interest, or the recipient need. With the case study of Japan and United States rsquo foreign aid to Indonesia 2000 2016 , this thesis analyzed the variation of motives regarding donor rsquo s interest economic interest and political and political strategic interests of donor countries. Referring to the operationalization of foreign aid motive theory by Degnbol Martinussen and Engberg Pedersen, the focus of this thesis will confirm that foreign aid is a commercial and political tool for foreign aid countries, as trade and investment strategy in donor countries as well as safeguard national security from threats."