Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKNegara mempunyai tanggung jawab melindungi dan mensejahterakan rakyat melalui sistem pemerintahan yang berfungsi dengan baik namun sayangnya kondisi Indonesia tidak seperti itu. Kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan di negara sendiri serta meningkatnya permintaan negara luar akan tenaga kerja Indonesia, mendorong masyarakat untuk melakukan migrasi. Dengan hasil remitansi yang besar, pemerintah Indonesia juga mendorong hal tersebut. Tindak migrasi tersebut pada awalnya menguntungkan semua pihak kecuali TKI itu sendiri. Ketika terjadi permasalahan, negara kewalahan dalam menangani kasus-kasus tersebut karena kurangnya langkah preventif. Kondisi Indonesia sebagai Weak State mempersulit pengurusan TKI di luar negeri. Kondisi tersebut diakibatkan oleh krisis ekonomi 1998 dan semenjak saat itu Indonesia mengupayakan untuk memperbaiki keadaaan tersebut tanpa hasil yang signifikan. Kondisi internal yang tidak stabil mempersulit peningkatan kapasitas pemerintahan; yang sebenarnya mempunyai tugas dalam menjamin perlindungan warga negara di luar maupun di dalam negeri. Pada akhirnya ketidakmampuan ini merefleksikan kelemahan yang melemahkan bargaining position Indonesia di dalam dunia internasional.

---

ABSTRACT

The state bears the responsibility to protect and to provide welfare to the people through a system of government that is functioning properly, but unfortunately the condition of Indonesia is far from its ideal state. The high unemployment rate as well as the increasing demand of Indonesian Migrant workers from country such as Saudi Arabia encouraging them to perform migration. The increasing numbers of remittance income compels the Indonesian government to keep sending migrant workers. The migration was initially beneficial to all parties except the TKI itself. When a problem occurs, the state?s difficulty in handling such cases because of the lack of preventive measures. Indonesian conditions as Weak State complicates the management of migrant workers abroad. The condition was caused by the economic crisis in 1998 and since then Indonesia seek to improve such circumstances without any significant results. Unstable internal conditions complicate governance capacity building; which actually is responsible to ensure the protection of citizens in and outside the country. Ultimately, this inability, reflects the weakness that weakens the bargaining position of Indonesia in the international world."

"Feminisasi migrasi merupakan salah satu fenomena yang telah menjadi isu global. Pergerakan migrasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan didorong oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya kemiskinan. Sebagian besar perempuan yang bermigrasi memilih untuk bekerja menjadi pekerja rumah tangga (PRT). Posisi pekerjaannya yang berada dalam ranah perseorangan membuat PRT migran sulit untuk diawasi dan rentan mengalami berbagai permasalahan. Permasalahan yang dialami pekerja perempuan migran merupakan bentuk kekerasan berbasis gender. Kondisi tersebut yang seharusnya dapat menjadi catatan bagi setiap negara agar memberikan perlindungan terhadap pekerja perempuan migran. Hal ini dapat diwujudkan melalui pembuatan kebijakan yang bersifat responsif gender. Kebijakan responsif gender menunjukan adanya kesadaran bahwa terdapat perbedaan kondisi yang dialami oleh pekerja perempuan dan laki-laki di lapangan. Indonesia dalam hal ini merupakan salah satu negara yang mengalami sejumlah dinamika dalam upaya perlindungan pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI). Perubahan dan perkembangan sumber hukum terus terjadi hingga masa kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo di tahun 2014-2019. Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan sebagai respon dan upaya perlindungan terhadap PMI. Termasuk upaya perlindungan bagi PMI yang mengalami berbagai permasalahan di Arab Saudi sebagai salah satu negara penempatan. Berdasarkan pemahaman dengan menggunakan kerangka feminisme sosialis, menunjukan bahwa opresi yang terjadi masih dilandasi oleh pengaruh sistem kapitalisme. Serta, pendekatan What’s The Problem (WPR) juga menunjukan bahwa kebijakan yang dibuat masih bersifat netral gender. Kondisi ini ditunjukan melalui belum adanya sejumlah pasal dan/atau peraturan yang membahas secara khusus perlindungan bagi pekerja perempuan, khususnya PRT migran. Realitas feminisasi migrasi cenderung masih diabaikan karena kebijakan yang dihasilkan masih belum merepresentasikan permasalahan di lapangan.....Feminization of migration is one of the phenomena that has become a global issue. The movement of migration carried out by women is driven by various factors, one of them is poverty. Most of women who migrate choose to work as domestic workers. However, their job position makes migrant domestic workers difficult to monitor and increase their potential to experience various problems. The problems experienced by women migrant workers are a form of gender-based violence. This kind of condition should be a priority for every country in order to provide protection for women migrant domestic workers. Each government should be able to make gender responsive policies related to migrant workers, especially domestic workers. Gender responsive policies shows an awareness that there are different conditions experienced by male and female workers in the field. Indonesia is one of the countries that experiences a number of dynamics in the protection of Indonesian migrant workers. Changes and developments in legal sources continued to occur until the presidency of President Joko Widodo in 2014-2019. During the administration of President Joko Widodo, numbers of policies were made in response to and efforts to protect PMI. Including protection for PMI who experiences various problems in Saudi Arabia as one of the placement countries. Based on the understanding using the framework of socialist feminism, it shows that the oppression that occurs is still based on the influence of the capitalist system. What's The Problem (WPR) approach also shows that the policies made are still gender neutral. This condition is because there are several specific issues that have not been addressed in the policy, especially about migrant domestic workers.The reality of the feminization of migration tends to be neglected because the policies produced do not represent problems in the field."

"Ketahanan keluarga yang kuat adalah aspek penting dalam rangka mengantisipasi datangnya ancaman atas terpenuhinya kebutuhan pokok sebuah keluarga. Kesanggupan sebuah keluarga untuk dapat mencukupi kebutuhan primer keluarganya juga disebut sebagai ketahanan keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI yang telah dipulangkan pada mengidentifikasi PMI yang terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan, dan mengidentifikasi implikasi program pemberdayaan terhadap ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara sebagai instrument utama. Informan terdiri dari perwakilan BP2MI (2) dan PMI purna yang berasal dari Kabupaten Karawang (7). Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ketahanan ekonomi keluarga, teori pemberdayaan masyarakat, ketahanan nasional dan konsep ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga PMI setelah terakomodir mengikuti program pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketahanan ekonomi PMI setelah mengikuti program pemberdayaan belum optimal.  Hal ini diukur dengan salah satu indikator ketahanan keluarga yang dirilis KemenPPA 2016. Strategi terhadap ketahanan keluarga PMI yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah harus memberikan dampak konkrit kepada PMI yang dipulangkan ke Indonesia.

---

Strong family resilience is an important aspect in anticipating threats to the fulfillment of a families basic needs. The ability of a family to be able to provide for the primary needs of the family is also referred to as family resilience. The aim of the research is to identify the condition of the economic resilience of PMI families who have been sent home to identify PMI who are accommodated in empowerment programs  for the economic resilience of PMI families. This study uses a qualitative approach with informants consisted of BP2MI representatives (2) and full-time PMI is from Karawang Regency (7). The theories and concepts used in this study are the theory of family economic resilience, community empowerments theory, national resilience and the concept of family resilience. This study analyzes the condition of the PMI family’s economic resilience after being accommodated in the empowerment program. The results showed that PMI’s economic resilience after participating in the program was not optimal. This is measured by one of the family resilience indicator released by KemenPPA 2016. The strategy for PMI family resilience proclaimed by the government must have a concret impact on PMI who are repatriated to Indonesia."

"Skripsi ini memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif mengenai bagaimana peraturan yang diatur dalam International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families mengenai pekerja migran di suatu negara, dan memberikan penjelasan bagaimana pengaturan tenaga kerja asing berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan), berikut dengan penerapan dari kedua instrumen tersebut terhadap studi beberapa kasus tenaga kerja asing yang terjadi di Indonesia. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, Penulis melakukan studi literatur dan wawancara ke beberapa pihak diantaranya yaitu Kementrian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, dan Kantor Imigrasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families belum diimplementasikan secara maksimal dalam ketentuan mengenai ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia (UU Ketenagakerjaan). Hal ini dikarenakan masih ada beberapa isi Konvensi yang belum diterapkan, dan belum dilakukan pengawasan terhadap penerapannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai implementasi Konvensi dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia.

---

This mini-thesis is to give a comprehensive explanation on how the rules set out in the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families in the country, and provides information about how foreign workers is set up based on statutory provisions that apply in Indonesia (Law of Workers), as well as the application of both instruments on studying of foreign worker cases that happens in Indonesia. In conducting this research, the author do some literature review and interviews were held with representatives from the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, and Immigration Office.

The results of the study have shown that International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families has not been implemented to the statutory provisions of employment in Indonesia (Law of workers). This is because there are still some of the Convention that have not implemented, and has not performed oversight of its implementation. The results recommend in-depth review is needed to make sure that the Convention is well- implemented on Law of Workers Indonesia."

"Pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Isu kesehatan masyarakat kemudian menjadi prioritas utama pemerintah dalam pengambilan kebijakan dibidang ketenagakerjaan. Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) juga terkena dampak pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Pra Penempatan Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (CPMI) Pasca Masa Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dan pengumpulan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia program perlindungan pra penempatan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia CPMI telah dilaksanakan secara maksimal oleh UPT BP2MI dengan memprioritaskan kesehatan pekerja migran pada masa pandemi ataupun pasca pandemi, serta mengimplementasikan kebijakan pelindungan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Indonesia pada saat pandemi COVID-19. Adapun faktor yang menjadi hambatan atau kendala dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan pasca penempatan buruh Migran Indonesia yaitu kurangnya sosialisasi dari perangkat yang terkait serta peraturan yang tidak konsisten, sehingga mengakibatkan kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan kebijakan terkait pra penempatan calon pekerja migran. Pandemi COVID-19 ini telah memberi pelajaran bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk membuat kebijakan pelindungan kepada CPMI yang bersifat fleksibel dan sesuai dengan isu termutakhir.

---

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected labour conditions in Indonesia. Public health issues then become the government's top priority in making policies in the labour sector. Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) are also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the Implementation of Pre-placement Protection Policies for Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers (CPMI) after the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study of UPT BP2MI DKI Jakarta). This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, and document collection. The results showed that the implementation of the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers pre-placement protection programme for prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers CPMI has been implemented optimally by UPT BP2MI by prioritising the health of migrant workers during the pandemic or post-pandemic, and implementing protection policies taken by the Government of Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.The factors that become obstacles or constraints in the implementation of post-placement protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers are the lack of socialisation from related devices and inconsistent changes in regulations that in turn resulting in less than optimal implementation of policies related to pre-placement of prospective migrant workers. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided lessons for the Indonesian government to make protection policies for CPMI that are flexible and in accordance with the latest issues."

"Perlindungan terhadap TKI memiliki banyak permasalahan. Salah satu negara tujuan TKI terbesar adalah Arab Saudi. Salah satu faktor munculnya permasalahan tersebut adalah belum adanya MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) antara Pemerintah Indonesia dengan Arab Saudi dalam penempatan TKI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan peran dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh BNP2TKI dalam menangani TKI bermasalah di Arab Saudi. Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perlindungan BNP2TKI terhadap TKI memiliki banyak permasalahan yang menyebabkan lemahnya kewenangan yang dimiliki BNP2TKI. Hal ini menyebabkan lemahnya peran BNP2TKI dalam melakukan penanganan TKI bermasalah di Arab Saudi.

---

Protection of migrant workers have a lot of problems. One of the countries which has largest migrant workers is Saudi Arabia. One of the factors is the emergence of the problem is the absence of MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) between The Indonesia Government and The Saudi Arabia in migrant workers placement.

The purpose of this research's to describe the role and efforts of BNP2TKI in handling trouble migrant workers in Saudi Arabia. This is a qualitative approach research with depth interview and document study.

The results of this research is BNP2TKI protection of migrant workers has many problems that weaken the authorities of BNP2TKI. Those thing has weakened role of BNP2TKI in handling trouble migrant workers in Saudi Arabia."

"The presence of Indonesia Migrant Workers (Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, TKI) in Malaysia has proven to provide economic as well as social contribution beneficial for both countries. However, apart from this positive implication. It still process crucial problem of the unoptimized protection of TKI. It is not a respective domestic problem of the two countries. It is rather a bilateral problem that must be settled through sinergized policy of both countries. The system of institutional structure of the state policy and the role of business people involved in manpower in both countries need to be reorganized for the purpose of policy revitalization to ensure the good sending, replacement and protection of TKI in Malaysia. In the future, elements of policy of both countries must be guaranteed to be functional effectively. It is crucial due to the fact that TKI occupies strategic position for the acceleration of development in Malaysia and as valuable source of foreign exchange for Indonesia. TKI is potential to boost the enhanced quality of bilateral relation in economic, political, social as well as cultural spheres."

"Data menunjukan setidaknya ada sekitar 113 ribu warga negara indonesia yang kerja sebagai tenaga kerja migran. Berbagai alasan menjadi landasan validasi tenaga kerja indonesia untuk memberanikan diri bekerja di luas negeri, salah satunya adalah himpitan ekonomi. Kendati demikian, ada banyak sekali ancaman yang mengintai pekerja migran di ranah global, salah satunya adalah aksi radikalisme dan terorisme yang menjadi bahaya laten. Rekrutmen terorisme menjadi kesempatan terbaik untuk menyusupi paham-paham radikal kepada pekerja migran, dengan segenap cara dan taktik silat lidah kelompok teroris mampu menggaet anggota baru. Tidak sedikit pekerja migran yang terjerumus dan mengikuti praktik terorisme. Tulisan berusaha untuk mengulik cerita dan pengalaman pekerja migran yang telah terjerumus dalam aksi tindakan terorisme dengan melakukan wawancara kepada para narasumber. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mengupas bagaimana rawannya posisi pekerja migran terhadap paparan radikalisme dan terorisme berdasarkan sudut pandang studi kriminologi

---

Data shows that there are at least 113 thousand Indonesian citizens who work as migrant workers. Various reasons have become the basis for validating Indonesian workers to dare to work across the country, one of which is the economic demands. Nevertheless, there are many threats that lurk migrant workers in the global sphere, one of which is acts of radicalism and terrorism which are latent dangers. Recruitment of terrorism is the best opportunity to infiltrate radical ideas into migrant workers, with all the means and tactics of the tongues of terrorist groups to attract new members. Not a few migrant workers fall into and follow the practice of terrorism. This paper attempts to explore the stories and experiences of migrant workers who have fallen into acts of theorizing by conducting interviews with informants. This paper attempts to explore how vulnerable the position of migrant workers is to exposure to radicalism and terrorism from the point of view of criminology studies.

"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kesejahteraan terhadap jumlah pekerja migran di kabupaten dan kota pada tahun 2015-2019. Dari variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini dengan regresi Random Effect Model (REM) ditemukan fakta bahwa variabel yang memiliki tingkat elastisitas tinggi adalah jumlah pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI) pada tahun sebelumnya, dan jumlah PMI pada 2 tahun sebelumnya, serta luas wilayah, dan jumlah populasi. Variabel dalam penelitian ini antara lain: tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat yang diukur melalui tingkat kemiskinan, indikator pendidikan dan PDRB per kapita dengan variabel kontrol jumlah penduduk, luas wilayah (daratan dan lautan), Jawa-luar Jawa, dan kabupaten/kota. Dari simpulan penelitian, Pemerintah setidaknya memiliki 2 (dua) pilihan kebijakan, pertama, apabila Pemerintah memandang bahwa pengiriman pekerja migran merupakan manifestasi ketidaksejahteraan/kemiskinan daerah kab./kota, maka Pemerintah harus mengeluarkan kebijakan yang memfokuskan pada program-program penanggulangan kemiskinan di daerah kantong PMI melalui program padat karya, meningkatkan PDRB per kapita dan Harapan Lama Sekolah (HLS), terutama di daerah kabupaten yang memiliki populasi tinggi, terutama di Jawa, dan memiliki luas wilayah yang tidak besar, dan kebijakan yang akan diambil pemerintah sekurang-kurangnya dimulai dari 2 tahun sebelumnya. Kedua, apabila pemerintah melihat pengiriman pekerja migran sebagai aset yang harus dihandel Pemerintah, fokus kebijakan pemerintah dipusatkan pada daerah terutama kabupaten yang memiliki tingkat kemiskinan tinggi, dengan HLS yang rendah, populasi tinggi, di Jawa, dengan luas wilayah yang sempit.

---

This study aims to analyze the effect of welfare levels on the number of migrant workers in districts and cities in 2015-2019. From the variables measured in this study using the Random Effect Model (REM) regression, it was found that the variables that had a high level of elasticity were the number of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in the previous year, and the number of PMIs in the previous 2 years, as well as the area, and the number of migrant workers. population. The variables in this study include: the level of community welfare as measured by the level of poverty, education indicators and GRDP per capita with the control variables being population, area (land and sea), Java-outer Java, and districts/cities. From the conclusion of the study, the Government has at least 2 (two) policy options, first, if the Government views that sending migrant workers is a symbol of poverty/poor in the regencies/cities, then the government must carry out policies by focusing on poverty reduction programs in PMI enclaves through labor-intensive programs, increasing per capita GRDP and expected years of schooling, especially in districts that have a high population, especially in Java, and have a small area, and policies that the government will take at least start from the previous 2 years. Second, if the government sees the sending of migrant workers as an asset that must be handled by the government, there are several government on the regions, especially districts with high poverty rates, with the expectation of low years of schooling, high population, in Java, with a narrow area."

"The plantation sector the oil palm is a growing industry in Sabah contributing a big chunk to the state's economy. However, the sector is also for hiring the biggest number of illegal foreign workers, with approximately more than 2 million. its heavy reliance on foreign and illegal workers, it is highly vulnerable to any government's action that seeks to repatriate illegal worker This paper intends examine two pertinent questions namely why plantations hire illegal workers, and why do foreign workers choose to work as illegal instead of being employed legally This paper is based on several in various plantations throughout Sabah, namely Sandakan, Kinabatangan Lahad Datu and Tawau. This study employed the qualitative method involving observations. The data are also gathered through the interviews with thirty respondents including the government officials, estate managers, and foreign as well as local workers. This study concludes that immigrants frequently decide to work as undocumented workers out of their own will. They also claimed that they conveniently fill in the need for human resources as the locals are not keen to work in estates. Unperturbed by their illegal status, the foreign workers are generally content with their relatively lucrative income. "