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"Protein saliva merupakan pertahanan rongga mulut primer.Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan konsentrasi total protein saliva, efek protein saliva spesifik dan nonspesifik C. albicans dalam pembentukan biofilm S. sobrinus in vitro.Metode: Uji Bradford dan uji crystal violet.Hasil: Perbedaan konsentrasi total protein saliva tidak bermakna (p>0.05). Peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. sobrinus pada protein spesifik C. albicans pada ketiga kelompok saat 6 jam (p≤0.05). Peningkatan pembentukan biofilm S. sobrinus pada protein saliva non-spesifik C. albicans pada ketiga kelompok saat 18 jam (p≤0.05).Simpulan: Konsentrasi total protein saliva tidak berbeda. Protein spesifik C. albicans meningkatkan adhesi bakteri S. sobrinus. Protein saliva non-spesifik C. albicans meningkatkan pertumbuhan bakteri S. sobrinus.

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Salivary protein is oral cavity's first-line defense.Objectives: Analyzing the total salivary protein concentration?s difference, specific and non-specific salivary protein to Candida albicans? effects on Streptococccus sobrinus biofilm formation in vitro.Methods: Bradford protein assay and crystal violet assay.Results: No significant difference in total salivary protein (p>0.05). In all groups, S. sobrinus biofilm formation on specific salivary protein to C. albicans increases, when incubated for 6 hours (p≤0.05), and on non-specific salivary protein to C. albicans increases when incubated for 18 hours (p≤0.05).Conclusion: No difference in total salivary protein concentrations. Specific protein to C. albicans enhances S. sobrinus adhesion. Non-specific protein to C. albicans enhances S. sobrinus growth."

"Salah satu peran protein saliva adalah sebagai sistem pertahanan rongga mulut. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek protein saliva spesifik dan non-spesifik C. albicans dari kelompok usia anak, dewasa, lansia dalam pembentukan biofilm E. faecalis in vitro. Metode: Uji biofilm dengan crystal violet. Hasil: Pembentukan biofilm E. faecalis pada protein spesifik C. albicans dari kelompok dewasa dan lansia mengalami penurunan saat inkubasi 18 jam (p≤0.05). Pembentukan biofilm E. faecalis pada protein non-spesifik C. albicans dari ketiga kelompok usia mengalami peningkatkan saat inkubasi 6 jam dan 18 jam (p≤0.05). Kesimpulan: Protein spesifik C. albicans pada kelompok dewasa dan lansia menurunkan pertumbuhan bakteri E. faecalis. Protein non-spesifik C. albicans meningkatkan adhesi dan pertumbuhan bakteri E. faecalis.

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One of the function of salivary proteins, it works as the first line of defense in the oral cavity. Objectives: to analyse the effect of specific and non specific salivary protein to C. albicans from children, adults and elderly on E. faecalis biofilm formation in vitro. Methods: Crystal violet assay. Results: Biofilm formation of E. faecalis on specific salivary protein to C. albicans, from adults and elderly, decreases when incubated for 18 hours (p≤0.05). Biofilm formation of E. faecalis on non-spesific salivary protein to C. albicans, from children, adults and elderly, increases when incubated for 6 hours and 18 hours (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Spesific salivary protein to C. albicans, from adults and elderly, decreases the growth of E. faecalis. Non-spesific salivary protein to C. albicans increases the adhesion and growth of E. faecalis."

"Latar belakang: ECC menjadi masalah serius di Indonesia dan Dunia. Terdapat 3komponen ECC, yaitu gigi, mikroba, serta lingkungan rongga mulut yang dalam hal iniyaitu protein saliva. Penyebab dari ECC sendiri yaitu bakteri Streptococcus mutans.Tidak hanya itu, Candida albicans sering dihubungkan dengan Streptococcus mutanspada plak ECC. Namun, adanya riset di mana Candida albicans cenderung mengurangisifat kariogenik Streptococcus mutans menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan: menganalisisperan protein saliva ECC terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus mutans danStreptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans (atau dual-spesies) di rongga mulut.Metode: Setiap sampel dilakukan uji SDS-Page untuk melihat apakah terdapatperbedaan profil protein antar setiap sampel. Lalu, sampel dilakukan pengenceranmenjadi 3 konsentrasi, kemudian diinkubasi bersama dengan Streptococcus mutansserta dual-spesies di dalam 96-well plate selama 24 jam dan 48 jam secara anaerob.Lalu, masing-masing biofilm dilakukan uji Crystal Violet Staining (untuk mendapatkannilai Optical density) serta Total Plate Count. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan profilprotein antara saliva ECC dengan laju alir saliva <30 detik, 30-60 detik, 30-60 detikbebas ECC. Pada variabel konsentrasi protein, terdapat perbedaan dan kenaikan nilairerata pada nilai Optical density biofilm pada Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies.Tidak terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara konsentrasi protein saliva denganviabilitas mikroba pada biofilm Streptococcus mutans dan dual-spesies meski nilairerata menunjukkan penurunan viabilitas mikroba. Pada biofilm Streptococcus mutansdan dual-spesies, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hasil uji Optical density danviabilitas mikroba berdasarkan variabel waktu inkubasi biofilm. Meski nilai reratamenunjukkan adanya penurunan pada Optical density Streptococcus mutans, kenaikanpada viabilitas mikroba Streptococcus mutans, dan kenaikan pada Optical densitysekaligus viabilitas mikroba dual-spesies, namun tidak memengaruhi nilaikomparasinya. Kesimpulan: Protein saliva dapat memengaruhi pembentukan biofilmbaik Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesies Streptococcus mutansdengan Candida albicans. Waktu inkubasi biofilm tidak dapat memengaruhipembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans maupun kombinasi dual-spesiesStreptococcus mutans dengan Candida albicans

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Background: ECC is a serious problem in Indonesia and the world. There are 3components of ECC, namely teeth, microbes, and the oral environment, in this casesalivary protein. The cause of ECC itself is Streptococcus mutans. Not only that,Candida albicans is often associated with Streptococcus mutans in ECC plaques.However, the research in which Candida albicans tends to reduce the cariogenicproperties of Streptococcus mutans is interesting. Purpose: to analyze the role of theECC salivary protein on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and combination ofStreptococcus mutans and Candida albicans (or dual-species) biofilms in the oral cavity.Methods: Each sample was subjected to an SDS-Page test to see if there weredifferences in protein profiles between each sample. Then, the sample was diluted into 3concentrations, then incubated together with Streptococcus mutans and dual-species in96-well plates for 24 hours and 48 hours anaerobically. Then, each biofilm wassubjected to a Crystal Violet Staining test (to obtain Optical density value) and TotalPlate Count. Results: There was no difference in protein profile between salivary ECCwith salivary flow rates <30 seconds, 30-60 seconds, ECC-free 30-60 seconds. In theprotein concentration variable, there were differences and an increase in trend lines inthe Optical density value of biofilms in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species. Therewas no statistical difference between salivary protein concentrations and microbialviability in Streptococcus mutans and dual-species biofilms, although the trend lineshowed a decrease in microbial viability. In Streptococcus mutans and dual-speciesbiofilms, there were no significant differences in the Optical density test results andmicrobial viability based on the biofilm incubation time variables. Although the trendline showed a decrease in Optical density Streptococcus mutans, an increase inmicrobial viability of Streptococcus mutans, and an increase in Optical density as wellas dual-species microbial viability, it did not affect the comparative value. Conclusion:Salivary protein can influence biofilm formation for both Streptococcus mutans and thedual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Biofilmincubation time could not affect the biofilm formation of both Streptococcus mutansand the dual-species combination of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans"

"Latar Belakang: Terdapat berbagai spesies bakteri yang berkoloni di dalam rongga mulut antara lain S.mutans merupakan bakteri penyebab utama karies gigi dan begitu pula C.albicans. Perkembangan kedua mikroorganisme ini saling berinteraksi berperan pada pembentukan karies gigi dan memiliki hubungan sinergisme. Terdapat S.sanguinis dapat pembentukan plak gigi mengakibatkan karies dan gingivitis. S.sanguinis memiliki efek antagonis terhadap S.mutans. Adapun hubungan S.sanguinis meningkatkan biomassa dan aktivitas metabolik pada biofilm C.albicans. Belum ada penelitian yang membuktikan apakah S.sanguinis dapat memberikan efek antagonis (menghambat) yang sama terhadap interaksi S.mutans dan C.albicans yang memiliki hubungan sinergistik. Dapat digunakan cell free-spent medium yang merupakan medium sisa hasil kultur bakteri yang telah disentrifugasi dan filter sehingga hanya tersisa produk ekskresi S.sanguinis sebagai intervensi untuk melihat pengaruh konsentrasi protein Streptococcus sanguinis terhadap dual-spesiesS.mutans dan C.albicans. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek cell-free spent media S.sanguinis terhadap interaksi mixed species biofilm C.albicans dan S.mutans.Metode Digunakan uji Bradford untuk menetapkan total konsentrasi protein, uji Crystal Violet untuk menetapkan pembentukan massa biofilm, dan uji Total Plate Count untuk menetapkan viabilitas spesies. Masing-masing perlakuan dibedakan berdasarkan konsentrasi spent medium 100%, 10%, dan 1%, serta waktu inkubasi 3 jam, 24 jam, dan 48 jam. Hasil: Analisis dari uji statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada pembentukan massa biofilm dual-spesies S. mutans dan C.albicans berdasarkan konsentrasi protein dan waktu inkubasinya.Serta tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada viabilitas biofilm S.mutans dan C.albicans berdasarkan konsentrasi protein dan waktu. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi protein dan waktu inkubasi dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan massa biofilm pada dual-spesies S.mutans dan C.albicans, yang didukung secara statistik karena terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Sedangkan pada uji viabilitas biofilm, baik berdasarkan konsentrasi protein maupun waktu inkubasi dapat mempengaruhi viabilitas biofilm S.mutans dan C.albicans, namun tidak didukung secara statistik karena tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Terdapat efek cell-free spent media S.sanguinis yaitu menghambat pembentukan massa biofilm pada kombinasi biofilm S.mutans dan C.albicans.

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Background: There are various species of bacteria that colonize in the oral cavity, including S.mutans is the main bacteria causing dental caries and C.albicans. The development of these two interacting microorganisms plays a role in the formation of dental caries and has a synergistic relationship. There is S.sanguinis bacteria forming dental plaque resulting in caries and gingivitis. S.sanguinis has an antagonistic effect against S.mutans. The relationship between S.sanguinis increased biomass and metabolic activity in C.albicans biofilms. There has been no research that proves whether S.sanguinis can provide the same antagonistic effect on the interaction of S.mutans and C.albicans which has a synergistic relationship. Cell free-spent medium can be used which is the remaining medium from filtered bacterial culture so that only S.sanguinis excretion products remain as an intervention to see the effect of protein concentration. S.sanguinis against dual-species S.mutans and C.albicans

Objective: To determine the effect of cell-free spent media S.sanguinis on the interaction of mixed species biofilm C.albicans and S.mutans.

Methods: The Bradford test was used to determine the total protein concentration, the Crystal Violet test to determine the mass formation of the biofilm, and the Total Plate Count test to determine the viability of the species. Each treatment was differentiated based on protein concentration spent medium 100%, 10%, and 1%, as well as incubation time of 3 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours.

Results: From analysis statistic test there was a significant difference in the mass formation of dual-species S.mutans and C.albicans biofilms based on protein concentration and incubation time. And there was no significant difference in the viability of S.mutans and C.albicans biofilms based on protein concentration and incubation time.

Conclusion: Protein concentration and incubation time can affect the formation of biofilm mass in dual-species S.mutans and C.albicans, which is supported statistically because there is a significant difference. Meanwhile, the biofilm viability test, both based on protein concentration and incubation time, could affect the biofilm viability of S.mutans and C.albicans, but it was not statistically supported because there was no significant difference. There is an effect of cell-free spent media S.sanguinis which inhibits the formation of biofilm mass in the combination of S.mutans and C.albicans biofilms."

"Latar Belakang: Dalam biofilm, interaksi antar spesies dapat menjadi sinergis karena keberadaan satu organisme dapat meningkatkan kolonisasi organisme lain. Di antara spesies ini adalah jamur Candida albicans dan spesies bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Candida albicans memiliki kemampuan untuk berkoagregasi dengan berbagai bakteri mulut, termasuk sebagian besar spesies dari kelompok streptokokus viridans, salah satunya berkoagregasi bersama dengan Streptococcus gordonii untuk membentuk biofilm dan interaksinya dalam biofilm mukosa dapat menyebabkan sinergi pathogen. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek cell-free spent medium Streptococcus gordonii terhadap interaksi Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans berdasarkan waktu inkubasi dan konsentrasi protein. Metode: Menggunakan uji Crystal Violet Assay untuk mengetahui massa biofilm dual-species yang terbentuk dalam satuan optical density, uji Total Plate Count untuk mengetahui viabilitas Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans dalam satuan CFU/mL. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengamatan morfologi biofilm dual spesies dengan Inverted Microscope.

Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada pembentukan massa biofilm dual-species Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans berdasarkan konsentrasi protein dan waktu inkubasinya. Serta tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada viabilitas Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans berdasarkan konsentrasi protein dan waktu inkubasinya.  

Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi protein yang terkandung dalam spent medium Streptococcus gordonii dan waktu inkubasi dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan massa biofilm pada dual-species Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans, yang didukung secara statistik. Sedangkan pada hasil uji viabilitas biofilm, baik berdasarkan konsentrasi protein maupun waktu inkubasi tidak mempengaruhi viabilitas Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans.

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Background: In biofilm, interaction between species can be synergistic because the existence of one organism can increase the colonization of other organisms. Among these species is Candida Albicans mushrooms and streptococcus mutans bacterial species. Candida Albicans has the ability to coagegate with various oral bacteria, including most species of the Streptococcal Viridans group, one of which is widely coagged together with Streptococcus Gordonii to form biofilms and their interactions in mucous biofilms can cause pathogen synergy.

Objective: Analyzing the Cell-Free Spent Medium Streptococcus Gordonii effect on Streptococcus mutans and Candida Albicans interactions are based on incubation time and protein concentration.

Method: Using the Crystal Violet Assay test to find out the mass of dual-species biofilms formed in the Optical Density Unit, the total plate count test to determine the viability of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in the CFU/ML unit. In addition, there is also a dual biofilm morphology observation of species with inverted microscope.

Results: The mass of biofilm dual-species Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans based on protein concentration and incubation time. And there is no significant difference in the viability of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans based on protein concentration and incubation time. Conclusion: The concentration of the protein contained in the Spent Medium Streptococcus Gordonii and the incubation time can affect the formation of biofilm masses in the dual-species of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which are statistically supported. While in the biofilm viability test results, both based on protein concentration and incubation time do not affect the viability of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans."