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"[Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 274 orang mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun 2014. Presentasi torus palatinus dilihat melalui inspeksi dan palpasi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan prevalensi torus palatinus sebanyak 77,4% dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (86,9% vs. 69,7%, P = 0,001). Pada laki-laki, torus palatinus berukuran kecil (<3 mm) ditemukan paling banyak (67,9%), sementara pada perempuan, torus palatinus berukuran sedang (3-6 mm) mendominasi (50,9%) dengan nilai P <0,001. Berdasarkan jumlahnya, torus palatinus paling banyak ditemukan berjumlah satu buah pada laki-laki dan perempuan dengan persentase yang sedikit berbeda (92,5% dan 88,7% secara berurutan, P = 0,002). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat.;The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population., The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population.]"

"[Torus Palatinus merupakan eksostosis tulang pada os palatinus yang dapatdigunakan untuk keperluan identifikasi forensik khususnya untuk perkiraan ras.Pengukuran Torus Palatinus dapat dilakukan dengan metode inspeksi maupunpalpasi. Kenyataannya hasil kedua pengukuran tersebut tidak konsisten sehinggadalam penelitian ini akan diuji prevalens pada kedua metode tersebut. Penelitiandilakukan pada 127 mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun ajaran2014/2015 di Pusat Kesehatan Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia pada Agustus2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional.Data primer didapatkan dari pengisian kuesioner dan pemeriksaan langsungkeberadaan Torus Palatinus dalam rongga mulut dengan metode inspeksi maupunmetode palpasi. Pada penelitian ini diperiksa 127 orang yang terdiri atas 69 oranglaki - laki dan 58 orang perempuan. Dengan metode palpasi didapatkan temuanTorus Palatinus sebesar 92,13% sedangkan dengan metode inspeksi didapatkantemuan 77,17% (p < 0,001). Pemeriksaan Torus Palatinus sebaiknya dilakukandengan metode palpasi karena dapat menghilangkan pengaruh faktor ketebalanmukosa yang dapat menyebabkan hasil false negative.;Torus Palatinus is bone exostosis on os palatinus that can be used to determinerace in forensic identification. The assesment can be done by direct inspection andpalpation. The result of both assessment methods do not have consistent results,the purpose of this study is to find better prevalens of Torus Palatinus. This studywas done in 127 freshmen of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014 in Pusat KesehatanMahasiswa Universitas Indonesia on August 2014. The study design is crosssectional.The data was taken from questionnaire and direct inspection and directpalpation. There were 127 subjects, 69 subjects were male and 58 subjects werefemale. Palpation method shows 92.13% finding of Torus Palatinus andinspection method shows 77.17% finding of Torus Palatinus (p < 0.001).Palpation method shows better results. Palpation methods is more eligible toidentify Torus Palatinus and this method can reduce false negative of mucous, Torus Palatinus is bone exostosis on os palatinus that can be used to determinerace in forensic identification. The assesment can be done by direct inspection andpalpation. The result of both assessment methods do not have consistent results,the purpose of this study is to find better prevalens of Torus Palatinus. This studywas done in 127 freshmen of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014 in Pusat KesehatanMahasiswa Universitas Indonesia on August 2014. The study design is crosssectional.The data was taken from questionnaire and direct inspection and directpalpation. There were 127 subjects, 69 subjects were male and 58 subjects werefemale. Palpation method shows 92.13% finding of Torus Palatinus andinspection method shows 77.17% finding of Torus Palatinus (p < 0.001).Palpation method shows better results. Palpation methods is more eligible toidentify Torus Palatinus and this method can reduce false negative of mucous]"

"[Torus palatinus merupakan tonjolan tulang pada langit-langit mulut yangbersifat variatif pada manusia. Perbedaan ras diduga merupakan salah satu halyang memengaruhi keberadaan torus palatinus. Studi ini dilakukan untukmengetahui prevalensi dan karakteristik torus palatinus pada suku-suku denganras mongoloid di Indonesia khususnya yang berasal dari pulau Jawa dan luarpulau Jawa, Indonesia pada tahun 2014.Studi ini bersifat deskriptif analitik berdesain potong lintang denganjumlah sampel sebanyak 274 orang yang terdiri dari 152 laki-laki dan 122perempuan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodeconsecutive sampling melalui pengisian kuesioner dan pemeriksaan toruspalatinus menggunakan kaca mulut.Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi torus palatinus pada 212 sampel(77,4%) dengan karakteristik yang paling dominan adalah yang berukuran kecil(<3mm) sejumlah 107 orang (50,5%) dan tunggal sejumlah 192 orang (90,6%).Torus palatinus lebih dominan pada kelompok suku yang berasal dari pulau Jawadan Sumatera dengan rasio kelompok suku Jawa, Sumatera, dan campuran, yaitu1,2:1,2:1.Karakteristik torus palatinus yang paling dominan pada ketiga kelompoksuku adalah kecil (<3mm) dan tunggal.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak didapatkanperbedaan karakteristik torus palatinus yang bermakna antara suku-suku denganras mongoloid dari pulau Jawa dan luar pulau Jawa, Indonesia;Torus palatinus is a bone exostosis in the hard palate of mouth that isvariative in the human. Race differencies is suspected as one of things thatinfluenced the growth of torus palatinus. The aim of this study was to determinethe prevalence and characteristics of torus palatinus in mongoloid race tribes inIndonesia, especially the tribes that originate from Java island and outside JavaIsland 2014.This descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was using 274 samples,consisted of 152 males and 122 females. Data was collected by using consecutivesampling method through questionaire?s filling and checking torus palatinus withoral mirror tools.The result showed that the prevalence of torus palatinus were found in 212sample (77.4%) with the most dominant characteristics were found in small size(<3mm) in 107 people (50.5%) and single in 192 people (90.6%). Torus palatinusis more dominant in group of Java and Sumatera tribe within ratio between Java,Sumatera, and mix group is 1.2:1.2:1. The dominant characteristics between thisthree group of tribes are small (<3mm) and single.Based on the result of this study, there?s no significant difference ofcharacteristics of torus palatinus between mongoloid race tribes from Java Islandand outside Java Island., Torus palatinus is a bone exostosis in the hard palate of mouth that isvariative in the human. Race differencies is suspected as one of things thatinfluenced the growth of torus palatinus. The aim of this study was to determinethe prevalence and characteristics of torus palatinus in mongoloid race tribes inIndonesia, especially the tribes that originate from Java island and outside JavaIsland 2014.This descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was using 274 samples,consisted of 152 males and 122 females. Data was collected by using consecutivesampling method through questionaire’s filling and checking torus palatinus withoral mirror tools.The result showed that the prevalence of torus palatinus were found in 212sample (77.4%) with the most dominant characteristics were found in small size(<3mm) in 107 people (50.5%) and single in 192 people (90.6%). Torus palatinusis more dominant in group of Java and Sumatera tribe within ratio between Java,Sumatera, and mix group is 1.2:1.2:1. The dominant characteristics between thisthree group of tribes are small (<3mm) and single.Based on the result of this study, there’s no significant difference ofcharacteristics of torus palatinus between mongoloid race tribes from Java Islandand outside Java Island.]"

"[ABSTRACTTorus palatinus dan torus mandibularis merupakan eksositosis yang umum ditemukan pada ras Mongoloid, ras dominan di suku Indonesia barat, yang dapat dijadikan bahan identifikasi forensik. Pada beberapa studi, torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis memiliki hubungan bermakna, dimana hubungan ini dapat menjadi data tambahan untuk identifikasi forensik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai prevalensi torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis serta hubungan keduanya pada populasi Indonesia bagian barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 274 Mahasiswa Baru Universitas Indonesia tahun ajaran 2014. Hasil penelitian prevalensi torus palatinus 77,4%, prevalensi torus mandibuaris 13,9%, dan ditemukannya torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis secara bersamaan sebesar 12,4% . Pada penelitian ini torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna.

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ABSTRACTTorus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found in Mongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can be used as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlation can be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalence of torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation between prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesian population. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 Univesitas Indonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus 77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinus and torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation, Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation]"

"Latar belakang: Ras merupakan salah satu parameter determinasi yang berperan dalam bidang odontologi forensik terutama pada kasus orang hilang, perdagangan manusia, fosil atau kranium yang tidak diketahui identitasnya serta bencana. Ras dapat diidentifikasi dengan metode analisis metrik dan analisis non-metrik melalui torus palatinus. Sedikit studi yang meneliti torus palatinus sebagai parameter dalam menentukan ras Indonesia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini akan menganalisis mengenai peran torus palatinus sebagai parameter determinasi ras pada populasi Indonesia. Metode: Sampel terdiri dari kelompok ras Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid dan Melanesoid yang masing-masing berjumlah 30 sampel berasal dari Laboratorium Odontologi Forensik dan Laboratorium Ortodonti FKG UI dengan data lengkap. Sampel dilakukan pengukuran untuk menentukan prominensi, bentuk, posisi, ukuran, jenis kelamin, usia dan ras yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian akan diuji secara univariat dan multivariat menggunakan SPSS 26.0. Hasil: 63,3% sampel memiliki torus, 46,1% torus berbentuk flat, 60,5% torus berada di daerah molar, 78,9% torus berukuran kecil, 72,3% pemilik torus berusia dewasa muda dan ras Protomelayu serta Deutromelayu memiliki torus lebih banyak dibanding kelompok ras lain. Kesimpulan: prominensi, bentuk, posisi dan jenis kelamin dapat menjadi parameter untuk menentukan ras pada kelompok ras Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid dan Melanesoid dengan tingkat akurasi 61,8%

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Background: Race is one of the determining parameters that contribute to the practice of forensic odontology, especially in cases of missing persons, human trafficking, unidentified fossils or craniums, and disasters. Race can be identified by metric analysis and non-metric analysis methods through the torus palatinus. Few studies have examined the torus palatinus as a parameter in determining Indonesian race.

Aims: This study will analyze the use of the torus palatinus as a parameter for determining race in the Indonesian population.

Methods: The samples consisted of Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid and Melanesoid racial groups, totaling 30 samples each from FKG UI with complete data. Samples were measured to determine prominence, shape, position, size, gender, age and race. The results will be tested with univariat and multivariat analytic using SPSS 26.0.

Results: 63.3% of the group sample had torus, 46.1% torus was flat, 60.5% torus was located in the molar region, 78.9% torus was small in size, 72.3% torus owners were young adults and Protomelayu and Deutromelayu races had more torus than other racial groups.

Conclusion: prominence, shape, position and gender can be a parameter to determine race in the Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid and Melanesoid racial groups with an accuracy rate of 61.8%."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gender role conflict dan psychological well-being pada laki-laki gay dewasa muda. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Gender Role Conflict Scale Short Form (GRCS-SF) dan Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (RPWB). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 99 orang laki-laki berusia 20-40 tahun yang memiliki orientasi seksual homoseksual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gender role conflict dan psychological well-being (R=-0,023; p>0,05). Meskipun demikian, salah satu dimensi gender role conflict yaitu keterbatasan afeksi antar laki-laki menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang siginifikan dengan psychological well-being (R=-0,261; p<0,01.

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This research is conducted to find the correlation between gender role conflict and psychological well-being among young adult gay men. This research used the Gender Role Conflict Scale Short Form (GRCS-SF) and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (RPWB). The participants of this research are 99 homosexual self-identified men aged between 20-40 years old.

The result of this research showed that there is no significant correlation between gender role conflict and psychological well-being (R=-0,023; p>0,05). However, one of the gender role’s dimensions, restrictive affectionate behavior between men, showed that there is a significant negative correlation with psychological well-being (R=-0,261; p<0,01)."

"ABSTRAKHubungan antara bahasa dan kehidupan sosial dipelajari dalam cabang ilmu sosiolinguistik. Pada ilmu ini juga dipelajari bagaimana bahasa bervariasi menurut berbagai macam aspek sosial, salah satunya gender. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan bahasa laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan kalimat imperatif laki-laki dan perempuan yang dilihat dari acara TV Belanda, Koken met Mike dan Koken met Jantje. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitis kualitatif yang menggunakan video acara memasak tersebut sebagai sumber data dan menggunakan teori bahasa dan gender oleh Robin Lakoff sebagai landasan teoretisnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kalimat imperatif yang dituturkan oleh laki-laki menggunakan lebih banyak diminutif daripada perempuan, perempuan lebih ekspresif daripada laki-laki dengan menggunakan adjektiva berlebih, dan laki-laki lebih banyak mengunakan kalimat majemuk dalam memberikan perintah.

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ABSTRACT The relationship between language and social environment is studied in sociolinguistics. In this dicipline, we also study how language varies according to various social aspects, one of it is gender. Various studies have been conducted to determine the differences of the language of men and women. This study was conducted to determine the differences in imperative sentences used by men and women, as seen in cooking programs on Dutch TV, Koken met Mike and Koken met Jantje. This study is a qualitative analytical study using the cooking shows as data sources and Robin Lakoff s Language and Gender Theory. The results of this study indicate that the imperative sentences spoken by men use more diminutives than women, women are more expressive than men using excessive adjectives, and men use more compound sentences in giving orders."

"Negara memiliki kewajiban untuk menghapus diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dan laki-laki di semua bidang kehidupan. Gender steretiping berbahaya ketika membatasi kapasitas perempuan dan laki-laki untuk mengembangkan kemampuan pribadi mereka, dalam mengejar karier profesional dan menyangkut pilihan hidup. "

"ABSTRAKBahasa tidak hanya satu tetapi bahasa beragam-ragam. Salah satunya adalah ragam bahasa berdasarkan gender. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mencari tahu bagaimana bentuk bahasa yang digunakan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan ketika melihat gambar laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai acuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan foto dan komentar pada Instagram sebagai sumber data. Dari foto-foto tersebut dilihat ragam bahasa laki-laki dan perempuan pada kolom komentar yang ada. Temuan dalam penelitian ini ada yang sesuai dengan teori, yakni laki-laki memakai kata-kata bernada seks dan kasar serta perempuan memakai bahasa yang lebih halus, sedangkan temuan yang tidak sesuai, yakni perempuan memakai kata-kata kasar untuk menghina serta laki-laki memakai pengulangan kata sehingga tidak langsung pada intinya.

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ABSTRACTLanguage has many varieties. One of the language variety is gender. This research aims to find out how the form of language used by men and women when looking at pictures of men and women as a reference. This research used photos and comment in instagram as data source. From the photos, we can see how men and women giving comment. The result of the study that matches with the theory is, men use words that refer to sex and rude and women use more polite forms. However there is another result, namely women also use harsh words to insult and men use repetitive word so they are not straight to the point."