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"Abstract:This three-volume set of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications is an authoritative, comprehensive reference work on the formulation and manufacture of parenteral dosage forms, effectively balancing theoretical considerations with the practical aspects of their development."

"Abstract:This three-volume set of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications is an authoritative, comprehensive reference work on the formulation and manufacture of parenteral dosage forms, effectively balancing theoretical considerations with the practical aspects of their development."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperluas pemanfaatan pati sebagai eksipien penyalut enterik dan film transdermal melalui pembuatan PPSFt (pragelatinisasi pati singkong ftalat) dengan cara gelatinisasi dan esterifikasi menggunakan ftalat anhidrida dalam suasana basa dan medium berair. PPSFt yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi derajat subtitusi (DS), gugus fungsi, sifat termal, dan kelarutannya. PPSFt yang dihasilkan memiliki DS 0,0541 dan lebih larut pada medium basa. Tablet inti ketoprofen dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah kemudian disalut dengan larutan 5% penyalut PPSFt (F1), PPSFt-HPMCP 4:1 (F2) and PPSFt­ HPMCP 3:2 (F3) hingga kenaikan bobot tablet sekitar 6%. Tablet salut tersebut menunjukkan penampilan, kekerasan, dan keregasan yang baik. Tablet salut F2 dan F3 tidak hancur selama 1 jam dan tidak melepaskan ketoprofen lebih dari 10% selama dua jam dalam medium asam (pH 1,2). Film transdermal PPSFt menunjukkan sifat mekanis yang baik, termasuk ketahanan pelipatan, elongasi dan kekuatan peregangan. Uji disolusi in vitro menunjukkan pelepasan ketoprofen dari seluruh formula film 71,78 - 107,07 % dalam waktu 4 jam melalui mekanisme difusi terkendali. Uji penetrasi in vitro menunjukkan bahwa penetrasi ketoprofen dari film sebanyak 72,77- 108,04% dalam waktu delapan jam dengan kecepatan penetrasi 0,865 - 2,311 mglcm 2.jam. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa PPSFt merupakan eksipien yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai penyalut tablet enterik dan pembentuk film transdermal.

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This present study was intended to expand utilization of starch as enteric-coating and transdermal film-forming excipient by producing pragelatinized cassava starch phthalate (PCSPh) from gelatinitation and esterification process using phthalic anhydride in base condition of aqueous medium. The obtained PCSPh was characterized, including degree of substitution (DS), functional group, thermal properties and solubility. The produced PCSPh possessed DS of 0,0541 and higher solubility in base medium. Core tablets of ketoprofen were prepared by wet granulation method and then coated with coating solution, containing 5% of PCSPh (F1), PCSPh-HPMCP 4:1 (F2) and PCSPh-HPMCP 3:2 (F3), until the increasing weight of tablets were up to 6%. The coated tablets possessed good appearance, hardness and friability. Tablets F2 and F3 were also remain undisintegrated for 1 hour and retain the dissolution of ketoprofen less than 10% for two hours in acid medium (pH 1,2).

Transdermal film which were produced from PCSPh showed good mechanical properties, including folding endurance, elongation and tensile strenght. The in-vitro drug release study showed that 71,78 - 107,07% of ketoprofen has been released from transdermal film in 4 hours by diffusion-controlled mechanism. In-vitro penetration study showed that 72,77 - 108,04% of ketoprofen able to penetrate through skin membran with the flux of 0,865-2,311 mg/cm2.hour. Therefore, it can be concluded that PCSPh had good characteristics to be applied as excipient for enteric-coated tablet and transdermal film."

"ABSTRAKAnalisis berbasis protein kandungan gelatin dalam kapsul dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), dan diikuti oleh analisis densitometri menggunakan software myImage Analysis v.2.0. Gelatin dari sampel diekstraksi dengan menggunakan aseton, kemudian diukur konsentrasinya secara spektrofotometri menggunakan BCA Assay Kit untuk menghitung konsentrasi untuk elektroforesis. Kondisi optimum untuk elektroforesis adalah gel 8% dengan buffer tris-glisin. Gelatin pembanding babi menunjukkan 12 pita dominan (239, 221, 200, 171, 158, 139, 122, 115, 108, 96, 90,dan 83 kDa), sedangkan pembanding gelatin sapi menunjukkan 4 pita dominan (236, 222, 120, dan 107 kDa). Sampel yang mengandung gelatin babi dan gelatin sapi menunjukkan pola yang sama dengan gelatin pembanding.

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ABSTRACTProtein-based analysis of gelatin in capsules was conducted by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and followed by densitometry analysis using software myImage Analysis v.2.0. Gelatin from samples was extracted using acetone, then measured with spectrophotometry using BCA assay kit to calculate the concentration for electrophoresis. The optimum condition for electrophoresis gel was run on 8% gel with tris-glycine buffer. The results showed that gelatin reference of porcine has 12 major bands (239, 221, 200, 171, 158, 139, 122, 115, 108, 96, 90, and 83 kDa) while bovine gelatin has 4 major bands (236, 222, 120, and 107 kDa). Sample containing porcine and bovine gelatin gave the similar pattern to gelatin reference."