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"This book arises as the natural continuation of the International Spring School "Advances and challenges in space-time modelling of natural events," which took place in Toledo (Spain) in March 2010. This Spring School above all focused on young researchers (Master students, PhD students and post-doctoral researchers) in academics, extra-university research and the industry who are interested in learning about recent developments, new methods and applications in spatial statistics and related areas, and in exchanging ideas and findings with colleagues."

"This book deals with the most recent numerical modeling of adhesive joints. Advances in damage mechanics and extended finite element method are described in the context of the finite element method with examples of application. The book also introduces the classical continuum mechanics and fracture mechanics approach and discusses the boundary element method and the finite difference method with indication of the cases they are most adapted to. At the moment there a no numerical technique that can solve any problem and the analyst needs to be aware of the limitations involved in each case."

"[Written by leading experts in the field, this book brings together the most recent concepts, advances, challenges and ideas associated with intelligent modelling and simulation frameworks, tools and applications. , Written by leading experts in the field, this book brings together the most recent concepts, advances, challenges and ideas associated with intelligent modelling and simulation frameworks, tools and applications. ]"

"Though natural language processing has come far in the past twenty years, the technology has not achieved a major impact on society. Is this because of some fundamental limitation that cannot be overcome? Or because there has not been enough time to refine and apply theoretical work already done? Editors Madeleine Bates and Ralph Weischedel believe it is neither; they feel that several critical issues have never been adequately addressed in either theoretical or applied work, and they have invited capable researchers in the field to do that in Challenges in Natural Language Processing."

"Kejadian luar biasa adalah suatu kejadian pada suatu daerah dan waktu tertentu dengan intensitas yang lebih tinggi dari daerah dan waktu lainnya. Metode space time scan statistic adalah suatu metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi kejadian luar biasa pada daerah dan waktu tertentu. Hasil pendeteksian kejadian luar biasa sangat berguna sebagai peringatan dini. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan yang paling sesuai adalah pendekatan prospective. Kejadian diasumsikan berdistribusi Poisson, dan rate dari kejadian luar biasa diasumsikan konstan (persistent). Pendeteksian kejadian luar biasa dilakukan dengan pembentukan scanning window. Untuk tiap scanning window yang terbentuk dihitung nilai rasio likelihood. Space time cluster (daerah dan waktu kejadian luar biasa) adalah scanning window dengan nilai rasio likelihood tertinggi yang signifikan secara statistik. Untuk mendapatkan p-value digunakan formula 1 p R S = + , dengan R adalah ranking statistic uji dari dataset sebenarnya, S adalah jumlah replika yang terbentuk dengan permutasi dari dataset sebenarnya sehingga metode space time scan statistic yang digunakan adalah space time permutation scan statistic. "

"This third edition provides a detailed introduction to the fundamentals of space-time adaptive processing, with emphasis on clutter suppression in airborne or space based phased array radar, covering specifically the principles of airborne or space based MTI radar for detection of slow moving targets for use in the fields of earth observation, surveillance and reconnaissance, with special attention paid to clutter rejection techniques. The book includes topics such as signal processing, clutter models, array processing, bandwidth effects, non-linear antenna arrays, anti-jamming techniques, adaptive monopulse, bistatic radar configurations, SAR and ISAR, and sonar. After the success of the first and second editions, this third edition has been extensively updated and extended to reflect the numerous advances in the field. A completely new chapter has been added on the impact of the radar range equation, which is of particular importance for radar system designers."

"This text discusses various applications of space time adaptive processing, including applications in OTH-radar, ground target tracking, STAP in real world clutter environments, jammer cancellation, supper-resolution, active sonar, seismics and communications. The book provides a unique overview of the broad field of space-time processing and is divided into two parts: the first dealing with the classical adaptive suppression of airborne and space-based radar clutter, and the second comprising miscellaneous applications in other fields such as communications, underwater sound and seismics."

"Natural mortality of trees is extremely variable due to the uncertainty and complexity of the functioning of forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to develop a stand-level mortality model for Acacia mangium species by relating mortality to stand variables that affect the natural mortality process. The model was developed using data from l97 permanent sample plots measured periodically at 1-yr time intervals from 2-4 years until 8-11 years after planting in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The model consists of two complementary equations. The first equation is a logistic function predicting the probability of mortality incidence depending on stand density, site index and stand age. The second equation estimates the reduction in the number of surviving stems observed in a stand where natural mortality occurs. Nine equations were fitted using data from permanent sample plots where trees died over the time period and the best model was selected. Estimates from this second model were then adjusted by a factor equal to the probability of mortality applying three different approaches: probabilistic two-step, deterministic threshold and stochastic. All methods revealed no significant difference between the observed and the predicted number of surviving stems per ha. The probabilistic two-step approach, however, produced more consistent and the most accurate estimates. This method should provide reliable prediction when it is to be used in forest productivity prediction and management system for the species."