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"Islamic Banking has been remarkably progressing, in terms of products and services array, worldwide acceptance and growing market dominance. Behind the current standing and proliferation of its products and services, the same principles and the same applications of Islamic modes of traditional contracts have been applied to it. Since basic Sharia and its literacy are inevitable for further discussion of Islamic one, four of Sharia injunctions such as interest prohibition, permissible business, Islamic payoff with risk taking, and the relationship between shahibul maal and mudarib, have been explained. Six modes such as murabahah, salam, istisna, ijarah, musharakah and mudarabah have been introduced, analyzed through the nine articles from Fatwa DSN (2007), because more than 90% of Islamic operations have been based on the six modes and the nine articles are minimal amount of knowledge for analyzing them. With the benefit of the knowledge, the comparison between Islamic modes of contracts and conventional ones, has been made, which enlightens to the Islamic banking sphere."

"Islamic Banking will be about the nature of risk in Islamic banking and the regulatory framework which includes capital adequacy, corporate governance, transparency and risk associated with Islamic banking. The book will cover materials about Islamic banking and also will show how each of these issues defers from the non-Islamic Banking, shading light on the effect of the global economic crisis on Islamic banks vs. conventional banks. It will discuss history and development, the nature of risk, the importance and role of capital, corporate governance and transparency, the salient features of Islamic banking that distinguishes it from non-Islamic banking, and the development of the regulatory bodies and supervisory agencies that support the Islamic banking system. The book will try to give answers to questions such as: Is the existing regulatory framework sufficient enough to - Ensure safe and sound banking system? Face the inherent risk associated with Islamic banking? Prevent systemic risk in the banking system? The book concludes with discussions on (1) the relationship between the Islamic banking regulators and the western regulators, and (2) the obstacle and challenges from regulatory prospective that faces the Islamic banking"

"Abstract:* Islamic Finance discusses the risk in Islamic banking and the regulatory framework which includes capital adequacy, corporate governance, transparency and risk associated with Islamic banki"

"Pertumbuhan associated gas flaring sebagai efek samping dari perkembangan fasilitas produksi minyak dan gas bumi menimbulkan pemasalahan perubahan iklim global akibat emisi CO₂. Pengurangan associated gas flaring harus dilakukan dengan cara memanfaatkanya karena masih memiliki value dengan penerapan teknologi yang tepat. Thesis ini menyajikan analisis tekno-ekonomi pemanfaatan skala kecil terkait pembakaran gas terakumulasi dari platform stasiun terapung. Skema teknologi pemanfaatan yang diusulkan adalah pembangkit listrik, mini LNG, mini GTL dan sumur injeksi ulang gas. Metode analisa teknis menggunakan proses simulasi dan cashflow untuk analisa keekonomiannya. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skema pertama menghasilkan listrik 13 x 10⁶ kWh/tahun dan skema kedua menyediakan 20 tpd produk LNG, dan skema ketiga menyediakan 80 bpd produk syncrude dan skema terakhir hanya terjadi peningkatan tekanan reservoir sekitar 3 bar. Hasil analisis ekonomi, pembangkit listrik membutuhkan CAPEX terendah dan memberikan IRR tertinggi yaitu 30,12% dengan NPV sebesar 4,2 juta USD. Skema pembangkit listrik ini menjadi teknologi yang paling optimal berdasarkan tekno-ekonomi untuk pemanfaatan pembakaran gas terkait skala kecil di platform stasiun terapung.

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The accretion of associated gas flaring as a side effect oil and gas production facilities growth raise climate changes issue in global due to CO₂ emissions. Reduction of associated gas flaring should be done because associated gas still have a value by applying the right technology. This paper presents techno-economics analysis of utilization small-scale associated gas flaring of flow station platform. The proposed technology utilization scheme is a power plant, mini LNG, mini GTL and gas re-injection wells. Technical analysis method uses the simulation process and cashflow for economic analysis.

The simulation results show that 1^st scheme generates 13 x 10⁶ kWh/year of electricity and 2^nd rd scheme provides 80 bpd of syncrude products and the last scheme only generate reservoir pressure enhancement around 3 bar Economic analysis result, Power generation requires lowest CAPEX and provides highest IRR 30.12% with NPV 4.2 million USD. Power generation scheme become the most optimum technology based on techno-economic analysis for the small-scale associated gas flaring utilization in flow station platform."

"The United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) adalah konvensi jual beli internasional yang disusun oleh United Nations Commission on International Trade Law demi menjembatani perbedaan sistem hukum negara-negara di dunia mengenai hukum jual beli internasional. Salah satu ketentuan CISG memungkinkan pembeli untuk membatalkan kontrak jual beli internasional, selama persyaratan tertentu dalam CISG terpenuhi. Adapun persyaratan tersebut adalah wanprestasi yang merupakan Fundamental Breach berdasarkan dalam Pasal 25 CISG. Fundamental Breach memiliki 2 elemen: substantial deprivation dan foreseeability. Berdasarkan 2 kasus yang dibawa ke hadapan pengadilan Kanada, yaitu Brown & Root v. Aerotech dan Diversitel v. Glacier, terdapat keengganan majelis hakim untuk memberlakukan CISG sebagai dasar hukum pembatalan kontrak.

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The United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) is an international sale of goods convention made by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law to bridge the differences among every countries international sales laws. One of the provisions in the CISG allows the buyer to avoid a contract if certain requirements within the CISG are satisfied. One of those requirements is if the breach amounts to a Fundamental Breach according to Article 25 CISG. Fundamental Breach consists of 2 elements: substantial deprivation and foreseeability. According to 2 cases brought before Canadian courts, Brown & Root v. Aerotech and Diversitel v. Glacier, there is reluctance within courts in applying CISG as the basis of avoidance of the contracts."