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"The importance of biogas energy has risen manifold and has become universal. This is due to the realization that biogas capture and utilization has great potential in controlling global warming. By capturing biogas wherever it is formed, we not only tap a source of clean energy, but we also prevent the escape of methane to the atmosphere. Given that methane has 25 times greater global warming potential than CO2, methane capture through biogas energy in this manner can contribute substantially towards global warming control."

"Dalam era peningkatan minat terhadap energi terbarukan, pembangkit listrik tenaga biogas (PLTBg) telah menjadi alternatif yang menarik untuk menggantikan pembangkit listrik berbasis sumber non-terbarukan, seperti batu bara. PLTBg menggunakan biomassa sebagai bahan baku, seperti limbah pertanian, limbah daun, dan limbah makanan, yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi biogas melalui metode anaerobic digestion. Namun, penerapan PLTBg pada skala yang lebih kecil, seperti lingkungan universitas, masih belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan pembangunan PLTBg di lingkungan Universitas Indonesia. Melalui simulasi di Aspen Plus menggunakan skema model pembangkit semi-kontinu dengan reaktor batch, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PLTBg di lingkungan universitas dapat menghasilkan biogas sebanyak 1097,24 kg per hari dengan tingkat yield 50,4% dari 2177,18 Kg biomassa yang diumpankan. Listrik net yang dihasilkan mencapai 322,27 kWh per hari dengan jumlah total investasi sebesar $185.963. Selanjutnya, dengan metode blended financing antara green sukuk dan pinjaman bank yang dipilih, analisis keuangan menunjukkan hasil positif, dengan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar $112.137, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 12,50%, dan Payback Period (PBP) sebesar 9 tahun. Namun, untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) dan harga listrik yang ditetapkan pemerintah, diperlukan skema subsidi dari pemerintah atau rektorat Universitas Indonesia. Analisis risiko menggunakan metode Monte Carlo menunjukkan tingkat keyakinan yang tinggi terhadap 10,000 variasi skenario jumlah produksi listrik tahunan (AEP) dan LCOE, dengan persentase 85,95% untuk nilai NPV positif dan 86,97% untuk IRR di atas 8%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan PLTBg ini memiliki potensi investasi yang menguntungkan berdasarkan hasil analisis finansial dan analisis risiko.

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In an era of increasing interest in renewable energy, biogas power plants (PLTBg) have become an attractive alternative to power generation based on non-renewable sources, such as coal. PLTBg uses biomass as a raw material, such as agricultural waste, leaf waste, and food waste, which is then converted into biogas through the anaerobic digestion method. However, the application of PLTBg on a smaller scale, such as in university settings, has not been widely implemented. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of PLTBg development within the University of Indonesia. Through simulations at Aspen Plus using a semi-continuous generator model scheme with a batch reactor, this research shows that PLTBg in a university environment can produce as much as 1097.24 kg of biogas per day with a yield rate of 50.4% from 2177.18 Kg of biomass feed. The electricity generated reaches 322.27 kWh per day with a total capital investment of $185,963. Furthermore, using the blended-financing method between green sukuk and selected bank loans, financial analysis shows positive results, with a Net Present Value (NPV) of $112,137, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12.50%, and Payback Period (PBP) of 9 years. However, to maintain a balance between the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and the set electricity price from the government, a subsidy scheme from the government or the University of Indonesia rectorate is needed. Risk analysis using the Monte Carlo method shows a high degree of certainty in the variability of scenarios of changes in the amount of annual electricity production (AEP) and LCOE by 10,000 times, with a percentage of 85.95% for positive NPV values and 86.97% for IRR above 8%. These results indicate that the construction of PLTBg has a profiTabel investment potential based on the results of financial analysis and risk analysis."

"Saat ini, masih banyak potensi energi terbarukan (seperti tanaga surya, angin dan biogas) yang belum dimanfaatkan pada bangunan komersil di perkotaan. Mal atau pusat perbelanjaan, sebagai salah satu bangunan komersil memiliki potensi biogas yang cukup besar dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Dengan jumlah sampah organik yang mencapai rata-rata 2,8 ton perhari dan penggunaan energi listrik sampai bulan Oktober 2009 telah mencapai 1.904 MWh, mal Metropolitan tentu memiliki potensi energi biogas yang layak untuk dianalisis. Potensi limbah organik yang dianalisis dalam tulisan ini adalah limbah organik yang berasal dari sanitasi toilet dan sampah organik yang berasal dari sisa supermarket atau rumah makan yang banyak terdapat di mal tersebut. Dalam tulisan ini, dengan melakukan segmentasi beban maka dapat diperoleh kebutuhan energi termal pertahun sebesar 2.228.599 kWhth dan kebutuhan energi listrik pertahun mencapai 89.628 kWhe. Sementara itu, berdasarkan hasil kuisioner yang dilakukan terhadap pengunjung toilet dan pengukuran potensi sampah organik sisa rumah makan/super market/restoran hotel diperoleh potensi biogas pada mal sebesar 204,658.93 M3/Kg TS pertahun atau yang setara dengan 1.153.253,1 KWh.Dengan mempertimbangkan tingginya biaya pembelian energi listrik, bahan bakar solar untuk water heater serta biaya pembuangan limbah ke tempat pembuangan akhir sampah maka pemanfaatan limbah organik yang terbuang di mal sangat potensial untuk dikaji dan dianalisis. Kajian ini merupakan studi yang akan menghitung dan menganalisis pemanfaatan energi terbarukan biogas baik dari sisi teknik maupun dari sisi ekonomi. Pembahasanpembahasan aspek teknis seperti kebutuhan energi listrik saat ini, segmentasi beban yang ada, rancangan perangkat biogas digester anaerob, pemilihan teknologi konversi biogas menjadi energi termal dan listrik, serta potensi teknis energi terbarukan yang ada. Pembahasan-pembahasan aspek ekomoni meliputi kelayakan investasi pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga biogas di lokasi mal dan manfaat ekonomi keberadaannya untuk mengurangi biaya penyediaan energi listrik dan panas pada mal Metropolitan Bekasi.

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Currently, there are many potential renewable energy (such as solar, wind and biogas), which has not been used in commercial buildings in urban areas. Mall or shopping center, as one of the commercial buildings have the large potencial of biogas and have not used optimally. With the number of organic waste which reach the average 2.8 tonnes per day and use of electrical energy to October 2009 has reached 1.904 MWh, the Metropolitan mall has the potential of biogas energy is worth to analyze. The potential of organic wastes that are analyzed in this paper is organic waste from sanitation toilets and organic waste from the rest of the supermarkets or restaurants that are scattered throughout the mall In this paper, by doing load segmentation can be obtained thermal energy needs for 2,228,599 kWhth per year and electrical energy demand reached 89,628 per year kWhe. Meanwhile, based on questionnaire results conducted on the measurement of visitor toilets and the potential organic waste from restaurant / super market / restaurant obtained the potential for biogas in the mall 204.658,93 per year M3/Kg TS or the equivalent of 1.153.253,1 kWh.By considering the high costs of purchasing electricity, diesel fuel for the water heater and the cost of waste disposal to garbage landfills then the utilization of organic waste at the mall is very potential to be studied and analyzed. This study is a study that will calculate and analyze the utilization of biogas as renewable energy both from the technical and economic side. Discussions on technical aspects such as electrical energy needs at the moment, the existing load segmentation, design of anaerobic digester biogas devices, selection of biogas conversion technology into thermal energy and electricity, as well as the technical potential of renewable energy available. Discussions on economyc aspects including the feasibility of the investment economic of development Biogas power plant in the mall and existence of economic benefits to reduce the cost of providing electricity and heat energy in the mall Metropolitan Bekasi."

"The analysis on manufacturing sector mostly focuses on economic valuation such as output, value added, and employment, but few studies attempt simultaneously to analyze economic, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2). We applied the graph theory to select the dominant industries based on selected criteria. We found that food industry became a dominant industry. However, none industry was dominant for the all criteria. This implied that pro growth is not always similar with pro environment, even the two criteria can be conflicted one and another. We argue that different characteristics of industry need to be considered in evaluating industy performance. Finally, in terms of policy intervention, we suggest government to construct intensity indicator and to develop broad policy framework in enhancing energy efficiency."

"A global demand for energy has forced many countries to search for alternative and renewable energy. An anticipated effect of the development of renewable is an increase in employment as part of new green jobs creation, a major benefit for Indonesia to cope with its high unemployment rate. This paper describes the impact of renewable energy development on the jobs creation in Indonesia. First, we identify current government policies relative to renewable energy. Second, this paper describes the definition of green jobs and what type of jobs might be created due to development of renewable energy. Third, companies in Indonesia currently operating in the renewable energy sector are analyzed for their potential growth. Research is based solely on secondary data analysis. Information publicly available from the government/ministry website was used to examine policies concerning renewable energy. Related journals and articles were used to explore plans for the creation of green jobs, and a database search was conducted to identify companies currently operating in the renewable energy sector. The Kammen et al. (2004) study of Jobs per Megawatt of Capacity identified that the renewable energy installed capacity in 2007 created approximately 14,000 jobs in Indonesia. The potential capacity of renewable energy will create 70,000-190,000 jobs in Indonesia."