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"The mouse is a perfect model organism to study mammalian, and thus indirectly also human, embryology. Most scientific achievements that have had an important impact on the understanding of basic mechanisms governing embryo development in humans, originated from mouse embryology. Stem cell research, which now offers the promise of regenerative medicine, began with the isolation and culture of mouse embryonic stem cells by Martin Evans (who received the Nobel Prize in medicine in 2007 for this achievement) and Matthew Kaufman. This book provides an overview of mouse development, spanning from oocytes before fertilization to the state-of-the-art description of embryonic and adult stem cells. "

"Isolasi dan ekspansi sel punca kanker payudara secara in vitro tanpa menghilangkan sifat pluripotensi sel sangat diperlukan untuk mempelajari karakteristik sel punca kanker payudara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari suatu kondisi kultur terbaik dengan sistem ko-kultur untuk mempertahankan sifat pluripotensi. Sel tersebut diko-kultur dengan feeder layer yang terbentuk dari Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF). Pengukuran ekspresi penanda permukaan CD44+/CD24-menggunakan metode spektrofluorometri, sedangkan pengukuran ekspresi gen SOX2 dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode real time polymerase chain reaction. Pada pengukuran ekspresi gen SOX2 dilakukan normalisasi menggunakan house keeping gene PUM1 sebagai kontrol dalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi CD44+/CD24-pada sel punca kanker payudara yang diko-kultur dengan MEFs menggunakan media CM dan DMEM lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diko-kultur dengan MEF menggunakan CM dan DMEM. Ekspresi gen SOX2 meningkat pada sel yang diko-kultur dengan MEF di CM dan sel yang diko-kultur dengan MEF dalam DMEM yaitu berturut-turut 83,28 dan 48,33 kali dari kontrol masing masing. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kondisi kultur terbaik untuk mempertahankan pluripotensi sel punca kanker payudara adalah ko-kultur dengan MEF menggunakan CM sebagai media.

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In objective to understand the role and importance of breast cancer stem cells and the molecular and cellular events that occur during cancer development, it is essential to isolate and propagate breast cancer stem cells in long-term in vitro culture without loosing their pluripotency. This study aimed to find the best culture condition with co-cultured system to maintain the breast cancer stem cells pluripotency. The cell cultured on top of a feeder layer formed by mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF). We observed the expression of breast stem cell markers CD44+/CD24-using spectrofluorometry and analyzed the expression of gene SOX2 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that CD44+/CD24-expression of cancer stem cells co-cultured in CM and DMEM high glucose with MEF is higher than one cultured in CM or in DMEM high glucose without MEF only. After being normalized by using house keeping gene, PUM1, SOX2 gene expression levels in cells cultured in CM and DMEM with MEF i.e 83,28 and 48,33 times higher, respectively, compared to their control. Result showed that the best condition to maintain pluripotency of breast cancer stem cells was to co-culture the cells with MEF using CM as medium."

"[This volume will cover a series of reviews on stem cells including adult and embryonic stem cells. Speakers were invited to present these talks during the Stem Cell Symposia in fall of 2010, in Samsun, Turkey. Unique aspect of this volume is that it brings a multidisciplinary aspect of stem cells extracted from a symposium., This volume will cover a series of reviews on stem cells including adult and embryonic stem cells. Speakers were invited to present these talks during the Stem Cell Symposia in fall of 2010, in Samsun, Turkey. Unique aspect of this volume is that it brings a multidisciplinary aspect of stem cells extracted from a symposium.]"

"Neural development and stem cells, provides neuroscientists with a handy guide to stem cells in the nervous system, tracing with great clarity the development of stem cells from differentiation to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes."

"This book describes the nuclear reprogramming, chronicling how the field has developed over the last 50-60 years."

"The main objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive review on stem cells and their role in tissue regeneration, homeostasis and therapy. In addition, the role of cancer stem cells in cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance are discussed. The cell signaling pathways and microRNA regulating stem cell self-renewal, tissue homeostasis and drug resistance are also mentioned. Overall, these reviews will provide a new understanding of the influence of stem cells in tissue regeneration, disease regulation, therapy and drug resistance in several human diseases."

"Sel induk(Stem Cell) adalah sel pembangun setiap organ dan jaringan tubtih kita. Dia adalah sel yang belum berdiferensiasi, tapi dengan kondisi tepat mampu berkembang inenjadi jaringan khusus dan organ tertentu. Sebdgian besar dari sel-sel jaringan tidak dapat beregenerasi jika rusak berat atau sakit, seperti pada kasus Infark Miokard. Penelitian terbaru mulai berfokus pada sel induk, yang dapat berproliferasi, dan berdiferensiasi menjadi sel otot jantung. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk ineiierangkan transplantasi sel induk pada infark miokard, keniajuan dan kendala yang terdapat dalam btdang kardiotnioplasti selular. (Med J Indones 2005; 15:3-8).

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Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and tissue in the body. They are undifferenciated cells that under proper conditions begin to develop into specialized tissues and organs. Most of the body's specialized cells cannot be replaced by natural processes if they are seriously damaged or diseased, such as in Myocardial Infarction. Recent interest has focused on stem cells, which can proliferate, and differentiate into cardiomyocytes.This paper aim to provide overview of stem cell transplantation in myocardial infarction, milestones and setbacks in the study of cellular cardiomyoplasty. (Med J Indones 2005; 15:3-8)."

"Latar Belakang: ALDH1A1 merupakan gen yang meregulasi diferensiasi dan proliferasi sel dengan jalur asam retinoat. Telah dikenal sebagai gen pluripotensi, ALDH1A1 dapat ditemukan pada Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) dan Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) seperti Adipose-derived Stem Cell (ASC) dan Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCSC). Studi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan relatif ekspresi gen ALDH1A1 pada ASC dan UCSC terhadap ALDH+ Breast CSC (BCSC). Metode: One-step qRT-PCR dilakukan untuk mendeteksi ekspresi mRNA ALDH1A1 pada ekstraksi RNA ASC, UCSC, dan BCSC. Hasil PCR dianalisis dengan BCSC menjadi ekspresi relatif setelah data dinormalisasikan oleh gen 18S.Hasil: Ekspresi gen ALDH1A1 relatif ditemukan lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada ASC dibandingkan UCSC. Sementara itu, ALDH1A1 lebih rendah diekspresikan pada MSC dibandingkan BCSC.Konklusi: ASC memiliki kemampuan pluripotensi lebih baik dibandingkan UCSCs pada aspek ALDH1A1. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kemampuan spesifik yang dimiliki ALDH1A1 untuk proliferasi dan diferensiasi ASC.

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Background: ALDH1A1 is a gene which regulates the cell differentiation and proliferation through retinoic acid pathway. Being a renowned pluripotent gene, ALDH1A1 could be found in both cancer stem cells (CSCs) and human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) such as Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) and Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCSCs). This research aimed to compare the expression of ALDH1A1 gene in ASCs and UCSCs relatively towards ALDH+ Breast CSCs (BCSCs).

Method: A one-step qRT-PCR was done to detect the mRNA levels of ALDH1A1 gene in the RNA extraction of ASCs, UCSCs, and BCSCs. The PCR result was analyzed into relative expression with BCSCs, after being normalized with housekeeping 18S gene.

Results: The expression of ALDH1A1 was found to be significantly higher in ASCs than UCSCs, relatively. Furthermore, ALDH1A1 gene was expressed lower in MSCs than BCSCs.

Conclusion: ASCs are discovered to be better in pluripotent capability than UCSCs in the aspect of ALDH1A1. This finding signifies the specific role of ALDH1A1, resulting in contribution of differentiation and proliferative capability to ASCs.

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