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"This book is a true asset for any physician, resident, nurse, or other healthcare professional looking to master perioperative transesophageal echocardiography. Spanning 2- and 3-D imagining, as well as Doppler modalities for assessing ventricular performance and valvular disease, this book guides you through the physics, principles, and applications of each technique."

""The Washington Manual of Echocardiography contains essential and relevant information for trainees. It has been prepared by cardiology fellows, with the trainees' perspective in mind, and supervised and edited by faculty from the Washington University School of Medicine. The Washington Manual of Echocardiography provides quick insight into the interpretation of echocardiographic images, understanding the basic echocardiographic and Doppler physiology, and assisting with the technical aspects of transducing an echocardiographic exam. The Washington Manual of Echocardiogrpahy is geared toward cardiology fellows, emergency department physicians, and internal medicine residents interested in cardiology. This book is comprehensive enough to carry trainees through the echo rotation as well as concise and accessible at 3 a.m., when trainees are trying to appropriately diagnose important pathologies. It provides easily digestible knowledge and pearls from experienced echocardiologists and sonographers. Features Include: Easy-to-navigate sections on valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, congenital anomalies and trans-esophageal echocardiography, Image-heavy pocket book to enhance visual learning, Early emphasis on pearls and techniques on how to transduce an exam and get the optimal images. Succinct yet comprehensive information on key areas of echocardiography and Doppler techniques"--Provided by publisher."

"This book is a practical guide to the use of TEE (transoesophageal echocardiography) in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). Beginning with an introduction to TEE for CHD, the following chapters describe procedures to be used for different cardiac conditions. 3D TEE allowing multi-dimensional perspectives is also covered."

"Written by fellows who have taken and passed the Board examination in echocardiography, Questions, Tricks, and Tips for the Echocardiography Boards offers the hands-on advice readers need to build confidence and maximize scores.Written in a logical progression, this review takes the reader from the physics of echo, to how to perform an exam, to specific cardiac diseases and pathologies. Each question in this guide is compiled in a way to allow readers to structure their review by topic based on their own strengths and weaknesses. Over 690 questions and answers provide abundant opportunities for self-paced review. Questions based on the most recent board examination ensure current content. Handy tips and tricks save time, reduce anxiety, and optimize exam performance"

"Latar belakang: Demam rematik dan komplikasinya masih merupakan masalahkesehatan pada banyak negara berkembang. Katup mitral merupakan katup yang palingsering terlibat oleh proses rematik, dengan derajat keparahan yang tinggi (60-70%pasien), baik stenosis dan/atau regurgitasi. Tatalaksana pada pasien dengan stenosis katupmitral berat telah digunakan sebagai modalitas terapi sejak hampir tiga dekade terakhir.Pemilihan kandidat KMTP yang telah umum digunakan adalah dengan Skor Wilkins.Skor Wilkins yang dinilai dari TTE memiliki beberapa kelemahan dibandingkanmodalitas TEE. Keterbatasan lain Skor Wilkins adalah terdapat variabel morfologi katupmitral yang tidak dimasukkan dalam Skor Wilkins antara lain area katup mitral, morfologikomisura, kalsifikasi komisura, dan area katup mitral awal. Selain itu angka keberhasilandini KMTP di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain didunia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan morfologi katup mitral(area katup mitral, ketebalan katup, tebal fusi komisura, tebal kalsifikasi komisura, fusikorda) terhadap luaran keberhasilan dini KMTP.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien stenosis mitral beratakibat penyakit jantung rematik yang menjalani tindakan KMTP. Luaran keberhasilandini yang optimal adalah tercapainya ukuran area katup mitral ≥ 1,5 cm2 tanpa disertairegurgitasi mitral sedang atau lebih yang dievaluasi paska tindakan KMTP denganekokardiografi. Penilaian katup mitral dilakukan secara detil dengan TEE meliputi SkorWilkins dari TEE (pliabilitas, ketebalan ketup, kalsifikasi, fusi korda), area katup mitral(AKM) 3D pra tindakan, tebal fusi komisura anterolateral dan posteromedial, tebalmaksimal kalsifikasi komisura. Semua variabel dilakukan uji statistik bivariat, danselanjutnya dilakukan analisis multivariat.Hasil: Total terdapat 41 pasien yang menjalani KMTP. Sebanyak 18 (43,9%) pasienmencapai hasil luaran dini optimal. Didapatkan rerata AKM 3D pra 0,6 cm2 pada sampel.Dari uji analisis multivariat didapatkan AKM 3D pra dan tebal fusi komisura anteriormerupakan faktor morfolgi katup yang secara independen berhubungan dengankeberhasilan dini KMTP.Kesimpulan: Pada populasi dengan Skor Wilkins yang rendah, AKM pra KMTP danketebalan komisura anterolateral berhubungan dengan keberhasilan dini KMTP.Sedangkan Skor Wilkins yang rendah itu sendiri tidak lagi berhubungan dengankeberhasilan dini KMTP.

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Background: Rheumatic fever and its complication is still a major health problem indeveloping countries. The mitral valve is the most commonly and severely affected (65%-70% of patients) by rheumatic process by stenosis and/or regurgitation. PercutaneousTranscatheter Mitral Comisurotomy (PTMC) has been used for almost 3 last decades.Wilkins Score has been used for choosing candidates for PTMC. There are several mitralvalve features that is not included in the Wilkins score. Nevertheless, the success rate ofPTMC in Indonesia still considered lower than other countries.Aim: This study aims to know the association of mitral valve morphology (mitral valvearea, valve thickness, thickness of commissural fusion, thickness of commisurecalsification, subvalvar involvement) with immediate success of PTMC.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, data was taken procpectively in patients withrheumatic heart disease whom undergone PTMC. Optimal immediate success wasdefined as mitral valve area ≥ 1,5 cm2 without mitral regurgitation moderate or more,which was evaluated after PTMC using echocardiography. Detailed assessment of mitralvalve using TEE including Wilkins Score from TEE (pliability, valve thickness,calsification, chordal fusion), mitral valve area (MVA) 3D, thickness of anterolateral andposteromedial commissural fusion, maximum thickness of commissural calsificationwere taken before the PTMC procedure. All morphological variables undergone bivariateanalysis and whichever is eligible to multivariate analysis.Results: Forty-one patients undergone PTMC procedure. Eighteen patients (43,9%)achieved optimal immediate result. Mean MVA by 3D echo before PTMC was 0,6 cm2.After multivariate analysis, MVA 3D and thickness of anterolateral commisure were theonly morphological features which independently associated with early success ofPTMC.Kesimpulan: In population with low Wilkins score, the score is no longer associatedwith the immediate optimal outcome of PTMC. Instead, MVA 3D pre-PTMC andthickness of anterolateral commissure are associated with immediate optimal outcome ofPTMC."

"Three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a powerful visual tool which the novice or experienced echocardiographer, cardiologist, or cardiac surgeon can use to achieve a better understanding and assessment of normal and pathological cardiac function and anatomy. A complement to traditional 2D imaging, 3D TEE enables visualization of any cardiac structure from multiple perspectives. For the echocardiographer, it demands a different set of skills for image acquisition and manipulation. Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is a practical illustrated step-by-step guide to the latest in 3D technology and image acquisition. Each chapter systematically focuses on different cardiac structures with practical tips to image acquisition.Features :Up-to-dateSynoptic presentation of essential “how-to” and relevant clinical informationMore than 300 color figuresPractical fundamentals, including altered knobology, and how to acquire and manipulate image datasetsSystematic identification of special diagnostic issuesNormal and abnormal cardiac pathologySupplemented by the Virtual TEE Perioperative Interactive Education (PIE) website which provides free access to online resources for teaching and learning TEE : http://pie.med.utoronto.ca/TEE"

"Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a valuable diagnostic modality now routinely used during cardiac surgery and in the intensive care unit. Increasingly, anesthesiologists trained in TEE provide the service in both settings where they face the challenge of integrating numerous current TEE guidelines into day-to-day practice. Perioperative two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography : a practical handbook has been designed to be a concise, portable guide for using TEE to recognize cardiac pathology during the perioperative period. This compact guide has a diverse appeal for anesthesiologists, cardiac surgeons, and cardiologists desiring comprehensive up-to-date echocardiographic information at their fingertips.Features :- More than 450 full-color, high quality clinical images and illustrations- Synopsis of cardiac pathology commonly encountered in cardiac surgery patients- Convenient spiral binding- On-the-spot reference for echocardiographers with a wide range of experience, from novice to expert"

"Ekokardiografi transesofageal (TEE) dalam anestesi umum telah merupakan prosedur rutin untuk memandu penutupan defek septum atrium tipe sekundum (ASDs) dengan Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) bersama-sama dengan fluoroskopi dilaboratorium kateterisasi jantung. Untuk menyederhanakan prosedur dan juga untuk mengurangi biaya, telah dipakai ekokardiografi transtorakal (TTE) untuk memandu implantasi ASO. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengevaluasi akurasi dan hasil procedure ASO yang dipandu dengan TTE dibandingkan dengan yang dipandu dengan TEE. Ini merupakan studi komparasi. Sembilan puluh satu penderita dengan ASDs yang telah dicoba untuk penutupan dengan ASO secara transkateter di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita Jakarta dievaluasi. Akhir-akhir ini, pada 22 penderita, prosedur dilakukan tidak dengan panduan TEE tetapi dengan TTE. Seleksi penderita dilakukan seperti lazimnya dengan TEE dipoliklinik. Diameter dengan balon dilatasi diukur secara TEE atau TTE dan fluoroskopi dilaboratorium kateterisasi jantung. Penderita dibagi atas 2 kelompok, kelompok TEE adalah kelompok yang prosedur dipandu TEE, sedang kelompok TTE adalah yang dipandu TTE. Kasus yang dapat dianalisa sejumlah 83 penderita, 61 kelompok TEE dan 22 kelompok TTE. Pengukuran diameter dengan TTE maupun TEE memiliki korelasi yang tinggi dengan ukuran secara fluoroskopi (masing-masing: r=0.837 and r=0.853). Dan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara akurasi pengukuran dengan TEE maupun dengan TTE (p=0.085) dibandingkan dengan ukuran secara fluoroskopi. Waktu fluoroskopi pada prosedur ASO dengan panduan TEE lebih panjang secara bermakna dibanding dengan waktu fluoroskopi dengan panduan TTE (33.2 ± 21.3 mnt vs. 22.8 ± 19.3 mnt, P=0.014). Selain itu, juga tidak diketemukan perbedaan bermakna pada angka kegagalan antara tehnik panduan TEE maupun TTE. Prosedur ASO dengan panduan TTE mempunyai derajat akurasi yang sama dengan prosedur yang dipandu TEE, dengan waktu fluoroskopi yang lebih singkat. Angka kegagalan dengan panduan TTE juga tidak berbeda dengan yang dipandu TEE.

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AbstractTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under general anesthesia has become a routine procedure as guidance in implanting Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) for closing secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) together with fluoroscopy in cardiac catheterization laboratory. To simplify the procedure and reduce the cost, recently we used transthoracal echocardiography (TTE) in guiding the ASO implantation. Aim of this study is to evaluate accuracy and performance of ASO procedure guided by TTE compared to ASO procedure guided by TEE. This is a comparative study. Ninety-one patients with ASDs referred for transcatheter closure with ASO in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital Jakarta were reviewed. In the 22 patients, TTE were used as guidance instead of TEE. Patients selection were performed in the outpatient clinic by TEE. The stretched diameter was measured by TEE or TTE and fluoroscopy. Patients were divided into two groups, TEE group consisted of procedures guided by TEE, and TTE group guided by TTE. From 91 patients, 83 can be evaluated. It consisted of 61 patients in TEE group and 22 in TTE group. Measurement of defects sizes with TTE and TEE have a high correlation with fluoroscopic measurements (r=0.837 and r=0.853, respectively). There were no significant differences between the accuracy of TTE and TEE sizes measurement (p=0.085) compared to fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy time in ASO procedures guided by TEE was significantly longer than those guided by TTE (33.2 ± 21.3 min vs. 22.8 ± 19.3 min, P=0.014). There was also no significant differences in the failure of devices implantation between TEE and TTE guidance. All patients were in good condition at follow-up. ASO procedures guided by TTE have similar accuracy to those guided by TEE, with shorter fluoroscopy time. TTE guidance also has no difference in failure rate compared to TEE guidance. "

"Latar belakang: Penurunan curah jantung merupakan masalah yang penting dalam penatalaksanaan pasca-bedah jantung terbuka karena penurunan curah jantung ini meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Modalitas untuk pemantauan curah jantung bergeser dari invasif ke non-invasif. Alat ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) dan ekokardiografi menjadi alat baru yang non-invasif. Bila dibandingkan dengan alat ekokardiografi yang membutuhkan keahlian khusus, alat USCOM dapat dijadikan alat pengukuran indeks curah jantung alternatif secara intermiten oleh tenaga medis terlatih.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil pengukuran indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan pintasan jantung paru.Metode: Studi potong lintang (cross sectional) pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan PJP dengan metode pengukuran simultan indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dan ekokardiografi di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, dari bulan Juni-Juli 2014.Hasil: Tiga belas pasien yang menjalani bedah jantung terbuka berhasil diukur dengan alat USCOM dan ekokardiografi secara simultan. Subyek terdiri atas 8 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan dengan median usia 3 tahun (1-12 tahun). Median berat badan, tinggi badan, dan luas permukaan tubuh berturut-turut 11 kg (5,5-29 kg), 82 cm (63-133 cm), dan 0,53 m2 (0,32- 0,98 m2). Diagnosis terbanyak berturut-turut adalah tetralogi Fallot (5 subyek), defek septum ventrikel (3 subyek), dan DORV (2 subyek). Pada analisis Bland-Altman indeks curah jantung yang diukur dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi didapatkan perbedaan rerata sebesar 0,115 L/menit/m2 (IK95% -0,536 hingga 0,766) dan batas kesesuaian -3,616 hingga 3,846 L/menit/m2. Hasil tambahan penelitian ini berupa perbedaan rerata indeks isi sekuncup 0,03 mL/m2 (IK95% -5,002 hingga 5,065) dan batas kesesuaian -28,822 hingga 28,885 mL/m2. Perbedaan rerata diameter LVOT -0,017 cm (IK95% -0,098 hingga 0,064) dan batas kesesuaian -0,285 hingga 0,251 cm. Perbedaan rerata nilai VTI didapatkan sebesar -2,991 cm (IK95% -4,670 hingga -1,311) dan batas kesesuaian -12,616 hingga 6,635 cm.Kesimpulan: Pengukuran indeks curah jantung dengan alat USCOM dibandingkan ekokardiografi pada anak pasca-bedah jantung terbuka dengan PJP didapatkan perbedaan rerata kedua pengukuran kecil dan batas kesesuaian 95% yang lebar. Pada pengukuran indeks curah jantung yang makin rendah, perbedaan atau selisih rerata semakin kecil dan memiliki kesesuaiannya lebih baik.

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Background: Low cardiac output is important problem in post-open heart surgery management because this condition increase morbidity and mortality. Modality of cardiac output monitoring shifted from invasive to non-invasive. Ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) and echocardiography are new non-invasive tools. Echocardiography needs special skill, but USCOM can used by trained user because of fast learning curve of skill.Objectives: To determine the agreement of cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography in children after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods: Cross sectional study using simultaneous measurement of cardiac index by USCOM and echocardiography on post-open heart surgery patient in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, from Juni-Juli 2014.Results: Thirteen post-open heart surgery of pediatric patient were enrolled (8 male and 5 female, median of age 3 years old (1-12 years old). Median of body weight, height, and body surface area respectively were 11 kg (5,5-29 kg), 82 cm (63-133 cm), dan 0,53 m2 (0,32-0,98 m2). Diagnosis of patient were tetralogi Fallot (5 subject), ventricular septal defect (3 subject), dan double outlet right ventricle (2 subject). This study using Bland-Altman analysis of cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography. Mean bias was 0,115 L/minute/m2 (95%CI -0,536 to 0,766) and limit of agreement was -3,616 to 3,846 L/minute/m2. Secondary outcome of this study was mean bias of stroke volume index 0,03 mL/m2 (95%CI -5,002 to 5,065) and limit of agreement was -28,822 to 28,885 mL/m2. Mean bias of LVOT diameter was -0,017 cm (95%CI -0,098 to 0,064) and limit of agreement was -0,285 to 0,251 cm. Mean bias of VTI was -2,991 cm (95%CI -4,670 to -1,311) and limit of agreement -12,616 to 6,635 cm.Conclusion: Cardiac index measurement by USCOM and echocardiography in children after open heart surgery has narrow mean bias and wide limit of agreement. Mean bias was narrower and good agreement in patient with low cardiac index."