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"This book describes comprehensively carbon (C) cycle process in global ecosystems and the potential and co-benefits of recarbonization of the biosphere. An ever increasing human population is disposing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere by land use and land cover changes but most importantly by burning of fossil fuels. This process severely perturbs the natural global C cycles and Earth system processes. Recarbonization of the biosphere is a potential strategy to redistribute C among global pools, and to enhance ocean but most importantly land-based C sinks. Sustainably managed and protected must be, in particular, the large and sensitive C stocks in permafrost, wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests and savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, and croplands. Recarbonization requires long-term management because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health. Protecting and enhancing land-based C sinks serves food security aside contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation. "

"Langkah mitigasi dampak perubahan iklim dalam bentuk carbon capture and storage (CCS) belum diaplikasikan di Indonesia, terutama karena ada proses transportasi dan penyimpanan karbon yang tidak memberikan nilai tambah. Proses Fischer-Tropsch (FT) merupakan teknologi yang bisa menghasilkan produk yang bisa diproses dari CO2 dan diolah untuk menjadi komoditi yang bernilai tambah dalam bentuk bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor. Menggunakan aplikasi openLCA, dilakukan analisis siklus hidup dari sintesis bahan bakar FT (FT Fuel) untuk digunakan kendaraan bensin konvensional di Jakarta dari penangkapan CO2 yang bersumber dari gas buang PLTU, yang dibandingkan dengan siklus hidup dari energi listrik untuk kendaraan bermotor listrik/battery electric vehicle (BEV) dan bahan bakar konvensional untuk kendaraan bermotor mesin bakar internal/internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). Metode dampak siklus hidup yang digunakan adalah global warming potential (GWP) yang dinyatakan dalam kg CO2-eq. Selanjutnya dibuat skenario alternatif sebagai pembanding untuk dilakukan analisis terkait dampak siklus hidup dan sensitivitas parameternya. Diketahui bahwa sintesis FT Fuel dari carbon capture mempunyai dampak GWP yang lebih tinggi daripada energi listrik untuk BEV dan bensin konvensional untuk ICEV, karena kebutuhan energi listrik yang tinggi dari sintesis FT Fuel dan bauran energi sistem tenaga listrik Jawa-Bali yang masih didominasi oleh pembangkit berbahan bakar fosil. Dengan skenario alternatif seperti penggunaan sumber energi listrik seluruhnya dari solar PV atau sintesis FT Fuel dari likuifaksi batubara, serta perhitungan emisi tertunda, dampak GWP dari sintesis FT Fuel bisa mendekati atau bahkan lebih rendah daripada energi listrik untuk BEV dan bensin konvensional untuk ICEV.

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Measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the form of carbon capture and storage (CCS) have not been implemented in Indonesia, especially because there are carbon transportation and storage processes that do not provide added value. The Fischer- Tropsch (FT) process is a technology that can produce products that can be processed from CO2 and processed to become value-added commodities in the form of motor vehicle fuel. Using the openLCA application, a life cycle analysis was carried out of the synthesis of FT fuel for use in conventional gasoline vehicles in Jakarta from the capture of CO2 sourced from a coal fired power plant’s exhaust gas, which was compared with the life cycle of electrical energy for battery electric vehicles (BEV) and conventional fuel for internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). The life cycle impact method used is global warming potential (GWP) which is expressed in kg CO2-eq. Next, an alternative scenario is created as a comparison for analysis regarding life cycle impacts and parameter sensitivity. It is gathered that FT Fuel synthesis from carbon capture has a higher GWP impact than electrical energy for BEVs and conventional gasoline for ICEVs, due to the high electrical energy requirements from FT Fuel synthesis and the energy mix of the Java-Bali electric power system which is still dominated by fossilfueled power plants. With alternative scenarios such as the use of electrical energy sources entirely from solar PV or FT Fuel synthesis from coal liquefaction, as well as delayed emission calculations, the GWP impact from FT Fuel synthesis could be close to or even lower than electrical energy for BEVs and conventional gasoline for ICEVs."

"This review provides an insight for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologyimplementation possibilities in the niche of coal power generation plants. A brief explanation ofthe technology is necessary for understanding the technological and economic constraintsaffecting successful implementation. Barriers and opportunities for the technology areaddressed, and the advantages for achieving climate change mitigation goals are discussed.Possible solutions to protect the technology and its implementation support are provided aswell. This study maintains that international collaboration, government incentives, a positiveinvestment climate, public awareness, and learning by doing experiments are needed to ensurethat CCS technology operates successfully within coal power plants. Based on the conductedreview, we conclude that renewable energytechnologies must be developed rapidly andimplemented as soon as possible; and until that time, CCS technology can provide a temporarysolution by contributing to climate change mitigation plans. "

"This review provides an insight for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology implementation possibilities in the niche of coal power generation plants. A brief explanation of the technology is necessary for understanding the technological and economic constraints affecting successful implementation. Barriers and opportunities for the technology are addressed, and the advantages for achieving climate change mitigation goals are discussed. Possible solutions to protect the technology and its implementation support are provided as well. This study maintains that international collaboration, government incentives, a positive investment climate, public awareness, and learning by doing experiments are needed to ensure that CCS technology operates successfully within coal power plants. Based on the conducted review, we conclude that renewable energy technologies must be developed rapidly and implemented as soon as possible; and until that time, CCS technology can provide a temporary solution by contributing to climate change mitigation plans."

"Metal Organic Framework (MOF) meupakan suatu material yang merupakan gabungan antara material organik dan anorganik yang berpusat pada ion logam positif dan dikelilingi oleh molekul-molekul ligand organik. Pada penelitian ini, penulis melakukan suatu sintesis MOF menggunakan ion logam zinc (Zn) dengan ligan organik glutamic acid (Zinc Glutamate MOF) dan menginvestigasi kinerjanya dalam mengadsorpsi karbondioksida. kemudian penulis juga akan meneliti mengenai dampak lingkungan yang mungkin ditimbulkan pada proses produksi Zinc Glutamate MOF menggunakan metode LCA melalui skema pendekatan cradle to gate. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) merupakan salah satu metode untuk melakukan penilaian atau evaluasi potensi dampak lingkungan dari produk atau jasa pada semua tahap dalam siklus hidup suatu produk. Dalam hal ini, dapat diobservasi beberapa potensi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari setiap proses produksi MOF berdasarkan data input yang diperoleh selama proses produksi MOF, dimulai dari proses pembuatan material precursor hingga pada aplikasi carbon capture.

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Metal Organic Framework (MOF) is a material which is a combination of organic and inorganic materials centered on positive metal ions and surrounded by organic ligand molecules. In this study, the authors carried out a MOF synthesis using zinc metal ion (Zn) with glutamic acid organic ligand (Zinc Glutamate MOF) and investigated its performance in adsorption of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the author will also examine the environmental impacts that possibly caused from production process of Zinc Glutamate MOF using the LCA method through a cradle to gate approach scheme. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method for assessing or evaluating the potential environmental impact of a product or service at all stages in the life cycle of a product. In this case, several potential impacts can be observed from each MOF production process based on the input data obtained during the MOF production process, starting from the precursor material manufacturing process to the carbon capture application."

"This volume contains articles from leading analysts and researchers on sustainable transportation, who provide critical reflections on how automobile-related climate policies have evolved up to now in Europe and around the world, in view of the widely recognized need to substantially curb global emissions of greenhouse gases in the coming decades. Authors describe the policies which have been most effective, outline their economic and social implications, present success stories while critically reviewing less successful examples, and suggest strategies to decarbonize passenger transportation on a global scale."

"Peningkatan volatilitas aliran modal ke negara Emerging Asia mengindikasikan bahwa ada potensi dampak siklus keuangan global terhadap pasar keuangan Asia. Siklus keuangan global dapat memiliki dampak signifikan tidak hanya terhadap pertumbuhan kredit tetapi juga harga aset, termasuk harga ekuitas dan harga properti. Rey (2015) mendorong diskusi menarik mengenai siklus keuangan global. Hasilnya menemukan bahwa ada siklus keuangan global dalam arus modal, harga aset dan pertumbuhan kredit. Siklus ini bergerak bersamaan dengan VIX, sebagai ukuran ketidakpastian dan penghindaran risiko pasar.Oleh karena itu, tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respons pertumbuhan kredit dan harga aset terhadap siklus keuangan global dan mengidentifikasi pola siklus keuangan di ASEAN-4, yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, dan Thailand. Penelitian ini menggunakan data triwulan dari Q1 1990 sampai Q2 2016 dengan pendekatan Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa respon pasar aset dan kredit terhadap guncangan siklus keuangan global negatif. Hasil ini konsisten dengan ASEAN-4 sebagai perekonomian terbuka kecil yang tetap rentan terhadap faktor global.

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An upsurge and volatility of capital flows to Emerging Asian Economies indicated that there is the potential effect of global financial cycle to emerging financial market. Global financial cycle could have a significant impact not only to credit growth but also asset prices, including equity prices and property prices. Rey (2015) has triggered an interesting discussion about global financial cycle. She found that there was a global financial cycle in capital flows, asset prices and credit growth. This cycle was co‐moves with the VIX, a measure of uncertainty and risk aversion of the markets.Therefore, this study attempts to analyze ASEAN-4 credit growth and asset price response to global financial cycle and to identify the pattern of financial cycle in ASEAN-4, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. We estimate quarterly frequency data from Q1 1990 to Q2 2016 with Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) approach. The result of this study showed that the response of asset markets and credit to global financial cycle shocks is negative. This result is consistent with ASEAN-4 as small open economies that remain vulnerable to the global factor."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis adanya pengaruh cash conversion cycle dan financial constraint terhadap firm value. Evaluasi dilakukan pada periode sebelum, saat, dan setelah krisis keuangan global pada tahun 2008 pada perusahaan yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk sektor non keuangan. Pengujian menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda dengan melibatkan 116 perusahaan. Variabel financial constraint yang digunakan terdiri dari 6 proksi, yaitu Altman z score, size perusahaan (sales), dividend payout ratio, cash flow, external financing, dan interest coverage. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa manajemen modal kerja yang menggunakan pengukuran cash conversion cycle berpengaruh negatif terhadap firm value. Sementara itu variabel financial constraint dengan proksi dividend payout ratio, cash flow, dan interest coverage berpengaruh negatif terhadap firm value, dan proksi yang lainnya tidak. Selain itu, penelitan juga membuktikan bahwa ada perbedaan firm value pada periode sebelum, saat, dan setelah krisis keuangan global pada tahun 2008.

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This research aims to analyze if there is effect of cash conversion cycle and financial constraint to firn value. Evaluation is held before, during, and after global financial crisis 2008 for Indonesian Stock Exchange listed company in non financial sectors. Research used multiple linear regression and involved 116 companies. Financial constraint variable used consists of 6 proxies, they are Altman z score, company size (sales), dividend payout ratio, cash flow, external financing, and interest coverage. Research had shown if cash conversion cycle affect its firm value. Moreover, financial constraint variable using proxy cash flow , dividend payout ratio, and interest coverage have negative effect to firm value. Beside that, research proves that there is firm value difference before, during, and after global financial crisis 2008."