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"[ABSTRAKPenyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya tinggi dan salah satu dampak dari urbanisasi terhadap kesehatan. Penyakit ini banyak menyerang anak-anak terutama anak usia sekolah, salah satu upaya untuk mencegah terkena ISPA adalah dengan kebiasaan melakukan cuci tangan. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian pada anak usia sekolah dalam hal kebiasaan cuci tangan di keluarga bapak M, hasil penatalaksanaan asuhan keperawatan menunjukkan peningkatan kemandirian cuci tangan pada anak-anak keluarga bapak M, dan diagnosa perilaku cenderung berisiko ISPA pada anak A di keluarga bapak M di RT 07/ RW 07 Kelurahan Sukamaju Baru, Kecamatan Tapos, Kota Depok dapat dicegah setelah kunjungan selama 3 minggu. Intervensi keperawatan yang diberikan adalah PHBS dengan cara cuci tangan. Cuci tangan enam langkah dengan sabun dan air mengalir bermanfaat dan dapat diterapkan sebagai kebiasaan yang baik untuk mencegah penyakit ISPA pada anak usia sekolah.

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ABSTRACTAcute respiratory tract infections (ISPA) apublic health problem in developing countries like Indonesia because of the high morbidity and mortality, and one of the effects of urbanization on health. The disease is common in children, especially children aged school, one of the efforts to prevent exposure ISPA is by hand washing. Scientific work aims to provide an overview of nursing care management family with risky behaviors tend ISPA on school age children in the RT 07/ RW 07 kelurahan Sukamaju Baru, kecamatan Tapos, kota Depok. The nursing interventions provided are clean and healthy life behavior that is washing with soap and running water useful and can be applied to prevent diseasein children ISPA. The nursing interventions provided are PHBS by way of hand washing with soap and a six step groovewater useful and can be applied as a good habit for ISPA preventing diseasein school age children., Acute respiratory tract infections (ISPA) apublic health problem in developingcountries like Indonesia because of the high morbidity and mortality, and one ofthe effects of urbanization on health. The disease is common in children,especially children aged school, one of the efforts to prevent exposure ISPA is byhand washing. Scientific work aims to provide an overview of nursing caremanagement family with risky behaviors tend ISPA on school age children in theRT 07/ RW 07 kelurahan Sukamaju Baru, kecamatan Tapos, kota Depok. Thenursing interventions provided are clean and healthy life behavior that is washingwith soap and running water useful and can be applied to prevent diseaseinchildren ISPA. The nursing interventions provided are PHBS by way of handwashing with soap and a six step groovewater useful and can be applied as a goodhabit for ISPA preventing diseasein school age children.]"

"[ABSTRAKPrevalensi penyakit ISPA di masyarakat perkotaan masih tinggi khususnyapada anak. Karakteristik masyarakat perkotaan diantaranya adalah aktifitasyang tinggi sehingga fungsi afektif keluarga seperti saling asuh, membinakeakraban, saling menghormati, dan peran terapeutik sangat kurang terhadapkesehatan anak. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah memberikangambaran tentang upaya pencegahan kejadian ISPA berulang pada anakdengan penguatan fungsi afektif keluarga. Asuhan keperawatan keluargayang dilakukan meliputi edukasi kesehatan terkait ISPA dan fungsi afektifkeluarga, demontrasi pencegahan penularan ISPA (etika batuk, cuci tangan,dan cara memilih jajanan sehat), dan penguatan fungsi afektif keluargaterhadap kesehatan anak dengan metode role play. Role play melibatkanklien dan anggota keluarganya untuk memainkan peran masing-masing danmengaplikasikan empat komponen dari fungsi afektif keluarga. Setelahdilakukan asuhan keperawatan keluarga dalam 12 kali kunjungan, didapatkanbahwa anak tidak mengalami ISPA berulang. Rekomendasi dari karya ilmiahini yaitu penguatan fungsi afektif keluarga efektif dalam mencegah kejadianISPA berulang pada anak.

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ABSTRACTThe prevalence of respiratory diseases in urban communities are still high, especiallyin children. The characteristics of urban community include high activity, so that thefamily affective function such as mutual foster family, foster familiarity, mutualrespect, and a therapeutic role sorely lacking on the health of children. The purpose ofthis paper is to provide an overview of efforts to prevent the incidence of recurrentrespiratory infection in children by strengthening family affective functions. Familynursing care was conducted on the health education related to ARI and familyaffective functions, demonstration prevention of transmission of respiratory infection(cough etiquette, hand washing, and how to choose healthy snacks), andstrengthening the family affective functions of the health of children with role playmethod. The role-play includes the clients and the family members by playing eachrole and applying four components from the family affective function. After thefamily nursing care done in 12 visits, it was found that children do not experiencerecurrent respiratory infection. Recommendations from this scientific work isstrengthening the family affective function is effective in preventing the incidence ofrecurrent respiratory infection in children., The prevalence of respiratory diseases in urban communities are still high, especiallyin children. The characteristics of urban community include high activity, so that thefamily affective function such as mutual foster family, foster familiarity, mutualrespect, and a therapeutic role sorely lacking on the health of children. The purpose ofthis paper is to provide an overview of efforts to prevent the incidence of recurrentrespiratory infection in children by strengthening family affective functions. Familynursing care was conducted on the health education related to ARI and familyaffective functions, demonstration prevention of transmission of respiratory infection(cough etiquette, hand washing, and how to choose healthy snacks), andstrengthening the family affective functions of the health of children with role playmethod. The role-play includes the clients and the family members by playing eachrole and applying four components from the family affective function. After thefamily nursing care done in 12 visits, it was found that children do not experiencerecurrent respiratory infection. Recommendations from this scientific work isstrengthening the family affective function is effective in preventing the incidence ofrecurrent respiratory infection in children.]"

"[ABSTRAKKeluarga Bapak S yang beranggotakan Ibu W, An. M, An. F, dan An. P berisikomengalami ISPA berulang. Ada beberapa faktor penyebab ISPA antara lainrendahnya status nutrisi, kebersihan lingkungan, dan polusi udara. Status giziAnak P tergolong dalam gizi kurang sehingga sistem kekebalan tubuh An. P tidakdapat bekerja secara maksimal. Tujuan dari asuhan keperawatan adalah mencegahterjadinya ISPA berulang pada keluarga bapak S. Intervensi yang dilakukan olehperawat adalah peningkatan asupan nutrisi seimbang sebagai penguatan upayapencegahan ISPA pada keluarga Bapak S. Tindakan yang dilakukan berupamodifikasi penyajian makanan dan pembuatan jadwal makan dengan penerapanreinforcement positive. Hasil yang didapatkan ialah tidak terjadi ISPA pada An. Pselama 7 minggu kunjungan.

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ABSTRACTMr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn't work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit.;Mr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn?t work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit.;Mr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn?t work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit., Mr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn’t work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit.]"

"Usia sekolah merupakan masa rawan terserang berbagai penyakit. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pola hidup tidak sehat. Maka diperlukan berbagai upaya untuk mengubahnya, salah satunya melalui program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). Penelitian deskriptif kolerasi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada anak usia sekolah. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 77 siswa SDN 01 Pagi Johar Baru. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 56% siswa berpengetahuan tinggi dan 51% siswa berperilaku sehat. Ada hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut, dengan nilai p 0,032 (α= 0.05).

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School age is susceptible period to suffer from diseases. This problem is related to the unhealthy life-style. It requires various efforts to change the lift-style, such as the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (CHL). This research aimed to study the relationship between knowledge of with clean and healthy living in school age children using descriptive correlative design. Sample on this research was 77 students SDN 01 Pagi Johar Baru. The research used random sampling technique. Result of this research showed that 56% students had high knowledge level and 51% students performed healthy behavior. There were relationships between two variables, with p value 0.032 (α= 0.05)."

"[ABSTRAKBanyaknya kegagalan dalam pengasuhan anak bukan karena kurangnya kasih sayang orangtua pada anak, melainkan karena sebagian orangtua tidak tahu bagaimana cara mengasuh yang baik dan benar. Ketersediaan wadah kegiatan keluarga dengan anak balita, menjadi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan orangtua serta anggota keluarga lainnya dalam pembinaan tumbuh kembang anak. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pelaksanaan penerapan program BKB+ sebagai upaya peningkatan tumbuh kembang balita di Kelurahan Sukamaju Baru. Dalam BKB+ ini residen menerapkan kegiatan stimulasi dan penggunaan KPSP oleh keluarga. Evaluasi sebelum dan sesudah praktik menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dari 54% menjadi 78%, peningkatan sikap dari 66% menjadi 80% dan peningkatan perilaku dari 56% menjadi 74%. BKB+ ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sarana bagi keluarga dalam meningkatkan tumbuh kembang balita.

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ABSTRACTThe number of failures in parenting is not due to a lack of parental affection to children, but because of some parents do not know how to care of properly. The availability of receptacle activities of families with toddler, becomes very important to improve the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in coaching development of the child. This paper aims to provide an overview implementation BKB + application program as an effort to improve growth and development of toddler in Sukamaju Baru. In this BKB +, resident applying stimulation activities and the use of KPSP by the family. Results shows an increase knowledge activities from 54% to 78%, attitude from 66% to 80%, and behavior from 56% to 74%, BKB + suggested could be the integration program of Health Department and BPMK., The number of failures in parenting is not due to a lack of parental affection to children, but because of some parents do not know how to care of properly. The availability of receptacle activities of families with toddler, becomes very important to improve the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in coaching development of the child. This paper aims to provide an overview implementation BKB + application program as an effort to improve growth and development of toddler in Sukamaju Baru. In this BKB +, resident applying stimulation activities and the use of KPSP by the family. Results shows an increase knowledge activities from 54% to 78%, attitude from 66% to 80%, and behavior from 56% to 74%, BKB + suggested could be the integration program of Health Department and BPMK.]"

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek cuci tangan pakai sabun pada siswa kelas 5 di SDN Pengasinan IV Kota Bekasi Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif pra eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pre test and post test. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5 SDN Pengasinan IV Kota Bekasi sebanyak 93 orang dan seluruh siswa menjadi responden penelitian. Pemilihan sekolah dilakukan secara purposif.Dari hasil pengolahan data diketahui bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek cuci tangan pakai sabun pada siswa kelas 5 SDN Pengasinan IV Kota Bekasi sebesar 22,8% untuk variabel pengetahuan, 4,2% untuk variabel sikap dan 17,4% untuk variabel praktek. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek siswa kelas 5 SDN Pengasinan IV Kota Bekasi mengenai cuci tangan pakai sabun. Diharapkan pihak sekolah dapat terus melaksanakan program-program kesehatan di sekolah serta menjalin kerjasama dengan pihak Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan dalam meningkatkan dan mengembangkan program promosi kesehatan di sekolah.

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This research discusses the effects of health promotion towards the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of washing hands using soap in 5th grade students of SDN Pengasinan IV, Bekasi Country in 2012. This study uses pre-experimental quantitative research with one group pre test and post test design. The population of this research were 93 5th grade pupils of SDN Pengasinan IV and students are the respondents of the research. The selection of school as places of research has done purposively.The results of data processing are the increasing knowledge, attitudes, and practices of washing hands using soap of 5th grade students of SDN Pengasinan IV, Bekasi Country. The knowledge increases 22,8%, the attitude increases 4,2%, and the practice increases 17,4%. Those increasing percentage have proven that interventions, which have been conducted, are succeed to increase knowledge, attitudes,and practices of washing hands using soap in 5th grade students of SDN Pengasinan IV, Bekasi Country. The writer is expecting that SDN Pengasinan IV will continue to carry out health programs in schools as well as work together with Health Centre and Health Department in increasing and developing health promotion programs in schools."

"Pneumonia pada balita masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Di Indonesia, Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian nomor dua pada bayi dan anak balita. Kecamatan Cakung merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki kasus pneumonia pada balita yang cukup banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi case control. Populasi penelitian adalah balita usia 12-59 bulan yang berada di Wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara paparan asap rokok dalam rumah (OR=4,67; 1,19-18,33); tingkat konsumsi rokok (OR=2,77; 1,12-6,86), pencahayaan alami dalam rumah (OR=5,16; 1,94-13,70); pengetahuan ibu (OR=3,85; 1,12-13,25), status gizi (OR=9,14; 1,90-43,89), riwayat imunisasi (OR=3,85; 1,12-13,25) dan riwayat ASI ekslusif (OR=3,11; 1,24-7,78) terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Cakung. Faktor yang diprediksi paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian pneumonia adalah status gizi (OR=5,607; 1,082-29,058).

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Pneumonia in children under five is still major public health problem in the world or in Indonesia. In Indonesia, Pneumonia is the number two cause of death in infants and children under five. Cakung sub-district is one of the areas that have quite a lot cases of pneumonia in children under five. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in the region of Cakung sub-district health center. This study uses a case control study design. The population in this study are all of children aged 12 month until 59 months who lived in the region of Cakung sub-district health center.

The results of this study indicate that there was a significant correlation between exposure to secondhand smoke in the home (OR = 4.67; 1.19 to 18.33); the number of ciggarates smoked per day (OR=2,77; 1,12-6,86), lighting in the home (OR = 5.16; 1.94 to 13.70), knowledge of mothers (OR = 3.85; 1.12 to 13.25), nutritional status (OR = 9.14; 1.90 to 43.89), immunization history (OR = 3.85; 1.12 to 13 , 25) and a history of exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 3.11; 1.24 to 7.78) with the incidence of pneumonia among children under five in the region of Cakung sub-district health center. The variable that predicted the most dominant cause of pneumonia is the nutritional status (OR = 5.607; 1.082 to 29.058)."

"Latar Belakang: Anak jalanan yang jumlahnya terus meningkat, merupakan kelompok berisiko tinggi terhadap berbagai masalah sosial dan kesehatan, namun belum ada informasi tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku mereka yang berisiko penularan HIV/AIDS.Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS, serta perilaku berisiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS dan faktor yang memengaruhinya pada anak jalanan usia remaja di Jakarta.Metode: Studi kuantitatif (kuesioner yang divalidasi) dan kualitatif (wawancara, focus group discussion, dan observasi) terhadap 100 subjek usia 10-18 tahun yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat (uji kai kuadrat atau uji Fischer) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik).Hasil: Sebagian besar (85%) subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang masih kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS, 35% subjek belum pernah mendengar istilah HIV/AIDS. Tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi keluarga merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap HIV/AIDS. Perilaku risiko tinggi penularan HIV/AIDS melibatkan 27% subjek, risiko sedang 18% subjek, risiko rendah 55% subjek. Sebanyak 17% subjek pernah berhubungan seksual (82,4% tidak pernah menggunakan kondom), 58% perokok; 45% peminum alkohol, 26% pengguna obat-obatan terlarang. Prostitusi dan homoseksualitas juga didapatkan pada anak jalanan. Usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama bekerja, jumlah jam kerja, tempat tinggal, frekuensi bertemu orangtua kandung, dan sumber informasi utama merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat perilaku risiko tinggi.Simpulan: Anak jalanan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap yang kurang terhadap HIV/AIDS serta banyak terlibat perilaku berisiko tinggi, sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang komprehensif dan multidisiplin.

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Background: Street children are increasing and highly vulnerable to many social and health problems, but very little is known about their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission.

Objectives: To identify level of knowledge, attitudes, and high-risk behavior related to HIV/AIDS transmission among adolescent street children in Jakarta and its related factors.

Methods: Quantitative (validated questionnaire) and qualitative (in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and observation) study were conducted among 100 participants aged 10-18 years old which were recruited consecutively. Statistical analysis was done using bivariate (Chi-square or Fischer tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis.

Results: Most participants (85%) had low knowledge about HIV/AIDS and 35% subjects never heard about HIV/AIDS. Low education level and low socio-economic status increased likelihood of having low knowledge about HIV/AIDS. High-risk behaviors were engaged by 27% participants, moderate risk 18%, low risk 55% participants. Seventeen percent subjects were sexually experienced (82,4% never use condom), 58% smokers, 45% alcohol drinkers, and 26% drug abusers. Prostitution and homosexuality were also prevalent among street children. Factors that increased the likelihood of displaying risky behavior were being male, older age, low education level, being street children more than 5 years, working on the street more than 35 hours a week, living on the street, less contact with parents, and having friend as major source of information.

Conclusions: Street children had low knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and high engagement on high-risk behavior, thus require comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches."

"Vitamin A merupakan vitamin larut lemak yang memiliki berbagai fungsi biologis, termasuk dalam mengurangi kemungkinan infeksi dan mengatur pertumbuhan. Kondisi kekurangan vitamin A pada balita dapat berakibat pada meningkatnya angka kesakitan, perburukan status gizi, bahkan kematian. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suplementasi vitamin A sebagai upaya melindungi kelompok rentan dari dampak kekurangan vitamin A. Sayangnya, pemberian suplementasi vitamin A belum memberikan hasil yang optimal hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemberian suplemen vitamin A pada balita usia 6-59 bulan di Indonesia berdasarkan analisis data SDKI 2017. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang melibatkan 1.728 balita usia 6-59 bulan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian membuktikan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu, usia balita, riwayat imunisasi balita, kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC), kunjungan Postanatal Care (PNC), tempat persalinan, dan keterpaparan media televisi dengan kepatuhan pemberian suplemen vitamin A. Riwayat imunisasi adalah faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemberian suplemen vitamin A pada balita. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menyarankan agar penguatan program imunisasi pada balita, edukasi kesehatan, kualitas kunjungan ANC dan PNC, serta pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan dan media terus ditingkatkan guna mencapai cakupan suplementasi vitamin A pada balita yang lebih baik.

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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a variety of biological functions, including reducing the infection and growth regulators. Vitamin A deficiency in child under five can result in increased morbidity, poor nutritional status, and even death. Therefore, vitamin A supplementation is needed as an effort to protect vulnerable groups, especially children from the impact of vitamin A deficiency. Unfortunately, vitamin A supplementation has not shown optimal results. This study wanted to determine the factors associated with compliance of vitamin A supplementation in child aged 6-59 months in Indonesia based on the 2017 IDHS data analysis. This is a quantitative research with cross-sectional design involving 1,728 child aged 6-59 months in Indonesia. The results prove a significant association between maternal education, child’s age, history of child’s immunization, Antenatal Care (ANC) and Postanatal Care (PNC) visits, place of delivery, and television media exposure with compliance to vitamin A supplementation. Child’s immunization history is the most dominant factor associated with compliance of vitamin A supplementation in child. Thus, this study suggests that child’s immunization program, health education, the quality of ANC and PNC, the utilization of health facilities and media should be improved to achieve better coverage of vitamin A supplementation."