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"Meningkatnya populasi lansia di dunia termasuk Indonesia merupakan dampak dari kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi bidang kesehatan dan sosial ekonomi. Keadaan ini mengakibatkan bertambahnya berbagai penyakit lanjut usia termasuk gigi dan mulut. Berbagai faktor risiko yang muncul seiring proses penuaan mengakibatkan hilangnya gigi geligi. Akan tetapi faktor risiko yang paling berperan dengan kehilangan gigi di Indonesia masih belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh indeks prediksi kehilangan gigi berdasarkan faktor-faktor risiko. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol pada 208 lansia berusia >60 tahun, 82 subjek kasus dengan kehilangan gigi >12 dan 126 kontrol dengan kehilangan gigi < 12. Mayoritas subjek adalah perempuan 82,7%; usia >65 tahun 53,9%; pendidikan menengah 51,9%, kebersihan mulut sedang 51,2%, pendarahan gusi ringan 44,4%; penghasilan rendah 94,7%; periodontal indeks berat 61,2%; tekanan darah tinggi 79,8%; fungsi kognitif normal 74,5%; dugaan diabetes melitus 22,6%; perilaku baik 52,4%; kepadatan tulang normal 81,6%, kehilangan perlekatan gingiva baik 62,9%, aktivitas sehari-hari normal 90,4%. Model akhir yang didapat adalah dugaan diabetes melitus, perilaku, dugaan demensia, kehilangan perlekatan sedang dan buruk memiliki hubungan dengan kehilangan gigi pada lansia. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu indeks prediksi kehilangan gigi dengan faktor risiko yang paling berperan terhadap kehilangan gigi pada lansia.

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The expanding population of elders in Indonesia and worldwide influenced by the advances in science and technology, especially the health and socio-economic progress. The aging process results in susceptibility to infection of the oral cavity resulting in loss of teeth. The aim of this study was to develop and test a model of tooth loss prediction index based on risk factors. A case-control study was conducted among 208 elders aged above 60 years old, 82 subjects who had lost more than 12 teeth were participated as case group while 126 subjects who had lost 12 or less teeth were participated as control group. At examination, 53.9% of participants were aged above 65 years old, with 82.7% females, 51.9% were middle educated, 51.2% have moderate oral hygiene level, 44.4% have mild level of gingival bleeding, 94.7% have low income, 61.2% have severe periodontal index, 79.8% having hypertention, 74.5% having normal cognitive function, 22.6% diabetes melitus, 52.4% having good oral health behavior, 81.6% with normal bone density, 62.9% good level of gingival attachment loss, 90.4% having normal daily activity. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that diabetes melitus, oral health behavior, cognitive function, moderate and severe level of gingival attachment loss were associated with tooth lost. The study produced a tooth loss prediction index based on risk factors most responsible for tooth loss in elderly."

"Densitas tulang adalah jumlah kandungan mineral per cm2 tulang, dibedakan menjadi 3 yaitu normal, osteopenia, dan osteoporosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui risiko kegoyangan gigi melalui analisis densitas tulang. Diasumsikan bahwa densitas tulang rendah yang berhubungan dengan osteopenia/osteoporosis dapat berpengaruh secara langsung pada mikroarsitektur tulang alveolar, dan menyebabkan kegoyangan gigi. Subjek terdiri dari 22 pria dan 56 wanita berusia ≥ 50 tahun. Pengukuran densitas tulang mandibula dilakukan dengan radiograf panoramik dan periapikal DDIR (direct digital intraoral radiograph). Pengukuran densitas tulang skeletal dilakukan dengan QUS (Quantitative Ultrasound). Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kebersihan mulut dan densitas tulang skeletal dengan kegoyangan gigi (p= 0,000, p=0,035, berturut-turut) serta diperoleh indeks perkiraan kegoyangan ≥50% dari seluruh gigi di mandibula.

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Bone mineral density is the amount of bone mineral content in cm2. It can be classified into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. This study was conducted to determine the risk assessment of tooth mobility through bone density analysis. Low bone density, which is associated with osteopenia / osteoporosis can affect directly the alveolar bone microarchitecture, and cause tooth mobility. The subjects consisting of 22 men and 56 women aged ≥ 50 years. Mandibular bone density measurements done by panoramic radiographs and periapical DDIR (direct digital intraoral radiograph). Bone mineral density measurement was performed with QUS (Quantitative Ultrasound). The result showed that there is a relationship between oral hygiene and bone mineral density with tooth mobility (p = 0.000, p = 0.035, respectively) and an index was formulated to estimate mobility of ≥ 50% out of teeth in mandible."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Osteoporosis laki-laki adalah penyakit degeneratif yang pentingdiperhatikan oleh dokter gigi dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan gigi danmulut, karena osteoporosis pada bagian tubuh yang lain juga bedampak padatulang rahang. Osteoporosis pada tulang rahang dapat mengakibatkan kegagalandalam pembuatan gigi tiruan, pemasangan implan dan perawatan penyakitperiodontal. Untuk mengatasi kegagalan perawatan perlu pemeriksaan kadartestosteron dan pemeriksaan densitas tulang. Pemeriksaan kadar testosteron danpemeriksaan densitas tulang mahal dan hanya ada di kota-kota besar di Indonesia,karena itu perlu dibuat indeks untuk memprediksi penurunan kadar testosterondarah dan indeks untuk memprediksi penurunan densitas tulang mandibula lansialaki-laki. Tujuan: mengetahui faktor risiko yang berperan pada penurunan kadartestosteron dan faktor risiko yang berperan pada penurunan densitas tulangmandibula lansia laki-laki dan untuk membuat indeks prediksi penurunan kadartestosteron dan indeks densitas tulang mandibula. Metode: uji diagnostik dan ujikasus kontrol pada lansia laki-laki usia > 60 tahun dengan wawancara pengisiankuesioner, pemeriksaa klinis dan radiografi. Hasil: Faktor-faktor Risiko yangberperan pada penurunan kadar testosteron dan penurunan densitas tulangmandibula serta indeks untuk menentukan penurunan kadar testosteron dan indeksuntuk menentukan penurunan densitas tulang mandibula lansia laki-laki.Dihasilkan software dan indeks sebagai alat bantu prediksi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Osteoporosis in men is a degenerative disease which is animportant subject to be apprehended by dentists in order to provide an optimaldental and oral health service because osteoporosis can also affect the mandible.Examination of testosterone level and bone density in Indonesia is relativelyexpensive and can only be accessed in big cities. This highlights the importance ofestablishing both an index to determine the decrease of total blood testosteronelevel and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderlypatients. Objective: to know risk factors that contributes to the decrease oftestosterone level and the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderly men; tomake a prediction model for the decreasing level of testosterone and mandibularbone density. Methods: diagnostic test and case control study in elderly menabove 60 years old by way interviews to fill questionnares, clinical andradiographic examination. Results: Risk factors that contribute to the decrease oftestosterone level and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone densityin elderly men. A software and index are produced as prediction tools;Background: Osteoporosis in men is a degenerative disease which is animportant subject to be apprehended by dentists in order to provide an optimaldental and oral health service because osteoporosis can also affect the mandible.Examination of testosterone level and bone density in Indonesia is relativelyexpensive and can only be accessed in big cities. This highlights the importance ofestablishing both an index to determine the decrease of total blood testosteronelevel and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderlypatients. Objective: to know risk factors that contributes to the decrease oftestosterone level and the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderly men; tomake a prediction model for the decreasing level of testosterone and mandibularbone density. Methods: diagnostic test and case control study in elderly menabove 60 years old by way interviews to fill questionnares, clinical andradiographic examination. Results: Risk factors that contribute to the decrease oftestosterone level and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone densityin elderly men. A software and index are produced as prediction tools;Background: Osteoporosis in men is a degenerative disease which is animportant subject to be apprehended by dentists in order to provide an optimaldental and oral health service because osteoporosis can also affect the mandible.Examination of testosterone level and bone density in Indonesia is relativelyexpensive and can only be accessed in big cities. This highlights the importance ofestablishing both an index to determine the decrease of total blood testosteronelevel and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderlypatients. Objective: to know risk factors that contributes to the decrease oftestosterone level and the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderly men; tomake a prediction model for the decreasing level of testosterone and mandibularbone density. Methods: diagnostic test and case control study in elderly menabove 60 years old by way interviews to fill questionnares, clinical andradiographic examination. Results: Risk factors that contribute to the decrease oftestosterone level and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone densityin elderly men. A software and index are produced as prediction tools;Background: Osteoporosis in men is a degenerative disease which is animportant subject to be apprehended by dentists in order to provide an optimaldental and oral health service because osteoporosis can also affect the mandible.Examination of testosterone level and bone density in Indonesia is relativelyexpensive and can only be accessed in big cities. This highlights the importance ofestablishing both an index to determine the decrease of total blood testosteronelevel and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderlypatients. Objective: to know risk factors that contributes to the decrease oftestosterone level and the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderly men; tomake a prediction model for the decreasing level of testosterone and mandibularbone density. Methods: diagnostic test and case control study in elderly menabove 60 years old by way interviews to fill questionnares, clinical andradiographic examination. Results: Risk factors that contribute to the decrease oftestosterone level and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone densityin elderly men. A software and index are produced as prediction tools;Background: Osteoporosis in men is a degenerative disease which is animportant subject to be apprehended by dentists in order to provide an optimaldental and oral health service because osteoporosis can also affect the mandible.Examination of testosterone level and bone density in Indonesia is relativelyexpensive and can only be accessed in big cities. This highlights the importance ofestablishing both an index to determine the decrease of total blood testosteronelevel and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderlypatients. Objective: to know risk factors that contributes to the decrease oftestosterone level and the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderly men; tomake a prediction model for the decreasing level of testosterone and mandibularbone density. Methods: diagnostic test and case control study in elderly menabove 60 years old by way interviews to fill questionnares, clinical andradiographic examination. Results: Risk factors that contribute to the decrease oftestosterone level and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone densityin elderly men. A software and index are produced as prediction tools, Background: Osteoporosis in men is a degenerative disease which is animportant subject to be apprehended by dentists in order to provide an optimaldental and oral health service because osteoporosis can also affect the mandible.Examination of testosterone level and bone density in Indonesia is relativelyexpensive and can only be accessed in big cities. This highlights the importance ofestablishing both an index to determine the decrease of total blood testosteronelevel and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderlypatients. Objective: to know risk factors that contributes to the decrease oftestosterone level and the decrease of mandibular bone density in elderly men; tomake a prediction model for the decreasing level of testosterone and mandibularbone density. Methods: diagnostic test and case control study in elderly menabove 60 years old by way interviews to fill questionnares, clinical andradiographic examination. Results: Risk factors that contribute to the decrease oftestosterone level and index to determine the decrease of mandibular bone densityin elderly men. A software and index are produced as prediction tools]"

"Perawatan gigi tiruan pada lansia terutama lansia perempuan usia 50-75 tahun sering mengalami kegagalan, karena adanya resorpsi tulang alveolar berlebihan yang menyebabkan gigi tiruan longgar dan tidak stabil. Berbagai penelitian penyebab terjadinya resorpsi tulang telah banyak dipublikasi, di antaranya yang terkait faktor sosiodemografis, klinis, dan lingkungan, namun penelitian terkait dengan hormon (PTH, FSH) dan faktor genetik (polimorfisme gen PTH dan PTHR1) belum banyak diteliti.Tujuan: Memperoleh indeks tingkat keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula untuk memprakirakan tingkat keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula pada pascamenopause yang memerlukan perawatan gigi tiruan. Subjek penelitian adalah perempuan pascamenopause usia 50-75 tahun yang bertempat tinggal di kelurahan Kenari dan Paseban Jakarta Pusat.Metode: Menggunakan alat ukur kuesioner indeks kepadatan tulang mandibula tervalidasi, pemeriksaan klinis, pemeriksaan serum darah dengan ELISA, dan teknik PCR RFLP untuk menganalisis gen, dan evaluasi radiograf panoramik untuk menilai kualitas tulang kortikal mandibular. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian potong lintang untuk mencari faktor-faktor risiko yang paling berperan terhadap keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografis, klinis, dan lingkungan, serta ditemukan sebanyak 87,25% subjek dengan kadar PTH <65pg/mL, dan adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara kadar PTH dengan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula (p<0,05). Kadar PTH ≥65pg/ml bertendensi terhadap tingkat keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar. Tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi antara kadar PTH dengan genotip dan alel polimorfisme gen PTH pada posisi rs6254 di intron dua (p>0,05). Tidak terbukti adanya korelasi antara polimorfisme gen PTH dengan keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula (p>0,05), sedangkan pada polimorfisme gen PTHR1 pada posisi promoter tiga ditemukan bahwa pada pengulangan (AAAG)6 memiliki kualitas tulang yang lebih rendah dan resorpsi tulang tinggi walaupun tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi antara polimorfisme gen PTHR1 dengan keparahan resorpsi tulang (p>0,05). Hasil uji multivariat memperlihatkan kadar FSH, PTH dan kualitas tulang alveolar mandibula berperan terhadap terjadinya keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula (p<0,05). Penelitian ini memperoleh dua model penskoran indeks prediksi keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula. Model satu dengan faktor PTH, FSH dan kualitas tulang mandibula mempunyai sensitifitas 68,29%, spesifisitas 56,48%, dengan daerah di bawah kurva (AUC) 0,675 dapat digunakan jika pada penerapan model dua tidak terlihat faktor yang berperan. Model dua terdiri dari FSH dan kualitas tulang, dengan sensitivitas 68,29% dan spesifisitas 58,33% serta area daerah di bawah kurva (AUC) 0,649.Kesimpulan: indeks prediksi resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula yang terdiri atas analisis kualitas tulang mandibula, kadar FSH dan PTH dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi tingkat keparahan resorpsi tulang alveolar mandibula. Dengan demikian diharapkan kegagalan perawatan gigi tiruan pada perempuan kelompok usia 50-75 tahun yang berisiko osteoporosis dapat diatasi.

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Denture treatment in the elderly, especially in women aged 50-75 years, often experience failure, due to excessive alveolar bone resorption which causes loose and unstable dentures. Various studies have been published on the causes of bone resorption, including those related to sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors, but research related to hormones (PTH, FSH) as well as genetic factors (PTH and PTHR1 gene polymorphisms) have not been much studied.Purpose: This study aims to obtain a mandibular alveolar bone resorption severity index to predict the severity of mandibular alveolar bone resorption in the postmenopausal period that requires denture treatment. The subjects of the study were postmenopausal women aged 50-75 years who lived in the villages of Kenari and Paseban, Central Jakarta.Methods: The first step this study were conducted by using a validated mandibular bone density index questionnaire, clinical examination, blood serum examination by ELISA, and PCR- RFLP techniques to analyze genes, and panoramic radiographs evaluation to assess the quality of mandibular cortical bone. A cross-sectional study to look for the risk factors that most contribute to the severity of mandibular bone resorption were then conducted at the second step of this study.Results: This study showed no relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors, and found as many as 87.25% of subjects with PTH levels <65pg / ml, as well as a significant correlation between PTH levels with resorption of the mandibular alveolar bone (p <0.05 ). The PTH level ≥65pg / ml has a tendency towards the severity of alveolar bone resorption, however, there was no correlation between PTH levels with genotype and PTH gene polymorphism alleles at position rs6254 in intron two (p> 0.05). There is no proven correlation between PTH gene polymorphism with the severity of mandibular alveolar bone resorption (p> 0.05). In the PTHR1 gene polymorphism of the promoter position three it was found that the repetition (AAAG)6 had lower bone quality and higher bone resorption although no correlation was found between PTHR1 gene polymorphisms and the severity of bone resorption (p> 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the levels of FSH, PTH and mandibular alveolar bone quality were contributed to the severity of mandibular alveolar bone resorption (p <0.05). From this study two predictive index scoring models of the severity of mandibular alveolar bone resorption were obtained. The model one with factors of PTH, FSH and quality of mandibular bone, has 68.29%sensitivity and 56.48% specificity, with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.675. Model two has a sensitivity of 68.29%, and specificity of 58.33% with the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.649. The model one could be used if in the application of model two does not show factors that play a role.Conclusion: the predictive index of mandibular alveolar bone resorption consisting of analysis of mandibular bone quality, FSH and PTH levels can be used to predict the severity of mandibular bone resorption. It is hoped that the failure of denture treatment in women aged 50-75 years at risk of osteoporosis can be overcome."

"Seiring dengan kemajuan tingkat perawatan kesehatan dan penurunan jumlah kelahiran, maka jumlah penduduk usia lanjutpun akan semakin meningkat. Keadaan ini tidak hanya terjadi di negara-negara industri tapi juga pada negara-negara berkembang. Di wilayah Asia Tenggara proporsi penduduk berumur Iebih dari 60 tahun akan meningkat dari 5 % pada tahun 1950 menjadi 11,25 % pada tahun 2050. Di Indonesia berdasarkan data proyeksi penduduk tahun 1990-2025 dari Badan Pusat Statistik didapatkan peningkatan usia harapan hidup. Pada tahun 1992 usia harapan hidup penduduk Indonesia 62,34 tahun dan pada tahun 1997 menjadi 64,25 tahun, sedangkan pada tahun 2002 diperkirakan dapat mencapai usia 68,23 tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk usia lanjut akan semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pada tahun 2005-2010 jumlah usia lanjut diperkirakan sekitar 19 juta jiwa atau 8,5 % dari seluruh jumlah penduduk.

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Along with the progress of health care levels and the decrease in the number of births, the number of elderly people will also increase. This situation not only occurs in industrialized countries but also in developing countries. In the Southeast Asian region, the proportion of the population aged 60 years and older will increase from 5% in 1950 to 11.25% in 2050. In Indonesia, based on population projection data for 1990-2025 from the Central Statistics Agency, an increase in life expectancy was obtained. In 1992 the life expectancy of the Indonesian population was 62.34 years and in 1997 it was 64.25 years, while in 2002 it was estimated to reach 68.23 years, thing this shows that the number of elderly population will increase from year to year. In 2005-2010 the number of elderly people was estimated at around 19 million people or 8.5% of the total population."

"Latar Belakang. Hipotensi ortostatik merupakan masalah yang sering ditemukan pada usia lanjut, dan berhubungan dengan peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penyakit penyerta pads usia lanjut diketahui berpotensi mengakibatkan timbulnya hipotensi ortostatik Mengacu pada hal tersebut maka deteksi awal adanya hipotensi ortostatik pada pasien usia lanjut dan pengendalian faktor-faktor risiko hipotensi ortostatik perlu dilakukan dalam upaya mencapai kualitas hidup yang optimal.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor-faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi timbulnya hipotensi ortostatik pada usia lanjut yaitu usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, gagal jantung, riwayat strok, dehidrasi dan obat antihipertensi.Metodologi : Sembilan puluh tujuh subyek usia lanjut dengan usia 60 tahun atau lebih.yang berobat jalan di Poliklinik dan Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM diikutsertakan dalam penelitan. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan serangkaian anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, tekanan darah posisi berbaring, segera setelah 1-3 menit berdiri, pemeriksaan laboratorium, pemeriksaan EKG dan foto torak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional ..dengan variabel yang diteliti meliputi faktor usia, adanya hipertensi, diabetes melitus, gagal jantung, riwayat strok, dehidrasi dan penggunaan obat antihipertensi, dihubungkan dengan hipotensi ortostatik.Hasil : Laki-laki 40 (41,2%), wanita 57 (58,8%) dan usia rerata 67,4 tahun, didapatkan subyek yang mengalami hipotensi ortostatik sebanyak 15 orang(15,5%). Analisis bivariat dan multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel hipertensi dan dehidrasi menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan hipotensi ortostatik. Faktor risiko lainnya tidak terbukti secara bermakna dengan terjadinya hipotensi ortostatik.Kesimpulan : Hipertensi dan dehidrasi merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya hipotensi ortostatik. Subyek usia lanjut dengan hipertensi memerlukan pengendalian tekanan darah lebih baik. Kondisi dehidrasi pada usia lanjut perlu dikenali sedini mungkin, sehingga dapat dilakukan tatalaksana guna mencegah timbulnya hipotensi ortostatik.

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Background: Orthostatic hypotension is widely known as a problem that. frequently found in elderly individuals and is associated with an increase of morbidity and mortality rate. Comorbidity in elderly have been recognized to potentially give rise to the development of orthostatic hypotension. Reffering to this matter, early detection of orthostatic hypotension in elderly and management of.risk factors need to be done in effort to achieve the optimal quality of life.

Objectives. To find out the prevalence and some risk factors for the development of orthostatic hypotension in elderly individuals such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, history of stroke,dehydration and anti-hypertension drug usage.

Methods: Ninety-seven elderly subjects with 60 years of age or more who had come to Outpatient clinic and Emergency Room of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were included in the study. Data were obtained by anamnesis, physical examination, blood pressure examination in lie down position, immediately after 1-3 minutes of standing. We also perfomed laboratory examination, ECG and thorax X-ray. This study had a cross-sectional design and the studied variables include age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart failure, history of stroke, dehydration and anti-hypertension drug usage, which were correlated to orthostatic hypotension.

Result: The subjects consists of found 40 males (41.2%), 57 females (58.8%) and mean of age 67.4 years. We found 15 subjects with orthostatic hypotension (15.5%)_ Analysis bivariate and multivariate indicated that the variables of hypertension and dehydration had a significant correlation to orthostatic hypotension. Other risk factors were not proven to have significant correlation with the development of orthostatic hypotension.

Conclusion: Hypertension and dehydration were proven as risk factor of orthostatic hypotension. Elderly subject with hypertension needs a more careful management of blood pressure. Dehydration condition should be detected immediately in order to perform appropriate management to prevent the development of orthostatic hypotension."

"Latar Belakang: Untuk menilai status kesehatan gigi dan mulut, selama puluhan tahun para ahli studi epidemiologi kesehatan komunitas menggunakan indeks Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T). Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar pada tahun 2018, rerata skor indeks DMF-T penduduk Indonesia sebesar 7,1 yang tergolong tinggi. Kehilangan gigi merupakan kondisi oral ireversibel yang dideskripsikan sebagai indikator final mengenai keparahan kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kehilangan gigi menyebabkan kerusakan fungsional, estetika, dan sosial-psikologis serta berdampak sangat besar terhadap kualitas hidup individu. Kehilangan gigi dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Maka dari itu, diperlukan data mengenai pengaruh berbagai faktor risiko terhadap kehilangan gigi pada berbagai kelompok usia.Tujuan: Memperoleh data hubungan faktor risiko dan rerata jumlah kehilangan gigi pada subjek usia 31-75 tahun dari radiograf panoramik digital. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa 375 sampel radiograf panoramik digital subjek usia 31-75 tahun di Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indoneisa (RSKGM FKGUI). Subjek dibagi menjadi 3. kategori: 31-45 tahun, 46-60 tahun, dan 61-75 tahun. Untuk mendapatkan jumlah kehilangan gigi dan data mengenai faktor risiko umur, jenis kelamin, karies/jumlah restorasi/lesi periapikal, dan kehilangan tulang/penyakit periodontal, dilakukan interpretasi radiograf panoramik digital. Kemudian dilakukan uji reliabilitas intraobserver dan interobserver dengan t-test dan Bland Altman. Hasil: Median, nilai minimum, dan nilai maksimum jumlah kehilangan gigi pada kelompok usia 31-45 tahun sejumlah 1 (0-5) gigi, usia 46-60 tahun sejumlah 5 (0-19) gigi, dan usia 61-75 tahun sejumlah 10 (2-28) gigi. Jumlah kehilangan gigi antar kelompok usia berbeda bermakna (p<0.05 berdasarkan uji Kruskal Wallis). Jumlah kehilangan gigi bertambah seiring penuaan usia. Analisis korelasi faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kehilangan gigi menunjukkan bahwa usia dan status periodontal berhubungan sangat kuat dengan kehilangan gigi, jumlah karies gigi dan lesi periapikal memiliki hubungan sedang dengan kehilangan gigi, dan jenis kelamin dan jumlah restorasi gigi memiliki hubungan lemah dengan kehilangan gigi. Kesimpulan: Jumlah kehilangan gigi pada usia 31-45 tahun berbeda bermakna dibandingkan pada usia 46-60 dan 61-75 tahun. Kehilangan gigi cenderung bertambah seiring penuaan usia. Faktor risiko yang hubungannya sangat kuat dengan kehilangan gigi adalah usia dan kehilangan tulang.

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Background: To assess community oral health status, for several decades, epidemiologists have always used Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T) index. Based on the 2018 Basic Health Research, the mean of DMF-T index of Indonesia’s population was 7.1, which was considered high. Tooth loss is an irreversible oral condition that is often described as the final indicator of oral health status that causes functional, aesthetics, and social-psychological damage that greatly affects life quality. Tooth loss is a multi-factorial phenomenon. Thus, a concrete data is needed to assess the impact of risk factors on tooth loss in several age categories.

Objective: To obtain the data of tooth loss risk factors and the mean of missing teeth in 31-75-year-old subjects from digital panoramic radiograph.

Methods: This study was completed using secondary data of 375 digital panoramic radiographs in Universitas Indonesia Dental Hospital (RSKGM FKGUI). The subjects were devided into 3 categories: 31-45 years old, 46-60 years old, and 61-75 years old. In order to obtain the data of tooth loss and its risk factors: age, gender, caries/restoration/periapical disease, and periodontitis, the digital panoramic radiographs were interpreted. Then, the reliability test for both intraobserver and interobserver were conducted using t-test and Bland Altman test.

Results: The median, minimum, and maximum of tooth loss in the 31-45 years old group is 1 (0-5) teeth, 46-60 years old group is 5 (0-19) teeth, and 61-75 years old group is 10 (2-28) teeth. The number of tooth loss in all age groups are statistically different (p<0.05 in Kruskal Wallis test). The number of tooth loss increases as aging continues. Correlation analysis of the tooth loss risk factors showed that age and periodontitis have a very strong correlation with tooth loss, the number of tooth caries and periapical disease have a moderate correlation with tooth loss, and gender and restoration have a weak correlation with tooth loss.

Conclusion: The number tooth loss occurred in 31-45 years old group subject is significantly different compared to the number of tooth loss in 46-60 and 61-75 years old group. Tooth loss is strongly correlated with age and bone loss."

"Tingginya prevalensi depresi pada lansia sangat erat dikaitkan dengan berbagai faktor yang memungkinkan terjadinya depresi. Lansia yang dirawat di rumah sakit memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami depresi. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian depresi pada lansia yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan purposive sampling dengan melibatkan 109 responden lansia. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 42 responden lansia mengalami depresi pada saat dirawat di rumah sakit. Dari hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan bahawa variabel sosial ekonomi keluarga adalah variabel yang paling berpengaruh terjadinya depresi. Hasil uji statistik menyatakan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan tingkat depresi pada lansia yang dirawat di rumah sakit (p value = 0.001). Faktor yang paling berpengaruh untuk terjadinya depresi pada lansia yang dirawat di rumah sakit adalah variabel sosial ekonomi keluarga Sehingga penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dalam memberikan asuhan kepada lansia yang mengalami depresi yaitu dengan selalu bersikap caring dan memberikan perhatian khusus pada lansia.

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The high prevalence of depression in the elderly is closely related to various factors that allow depression to occur. Elderly people who are hospitalized have a high risk of experiencing depression. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of depression in elderly people who are hospitalized. The research used a cross sectional design with purposive sampling involving 109 elderly respondents. The research results showed that 42 elderly respondents experienced depression when they were hospitalized. From the results of the multivariate analysis, it was found that family socio-economic variables were the variables that had the most influence on the occurrence of depression. The results of statistical tests stated that there was a significant relationship between family socioeconomics and the level of depression in elderly people who were hospitalized (p value = 0.001). The most influential factor in the occurrence of depression in elderly people who are hospitalized is family socio-economic variables. So it is important to improve the quality of service in providing care to elderly people who experience depression, namely by always being caring and paying special attention to the elderly."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan faktor risiko dominan dan membuat skor risiko diabetes tidak terdiagnosis (UDDM) dan prediabetes. Metode: Pembuatan skor risiko berdasarkan data yang tersedia hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013, dengan kriteria ≥ 18 tahun, baru terdiagnosis saat Riskesdas, tidak menderita penyakit kronis/menular lainnya. Nilai koefisien β hasil analisis regresi logistik multinomial model prediksi digunakan untuk mengenmbangkan skor. Keakuratan skor prediksi diabetes dan prediabetes dinilai dengan ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Hasil: Dua model prediksi dikembangkan menjadi skor risiko. Model 1 prediksi diabetes tidak terdiagnosis dengan 7 prediktor AUC 73,5%, sen 62,2%, spes 70,8%, PPV 12,8%, NPV 96,5%, titik potong ≥22, model 2 prediksi diabetes tidak terdiagnosis dengan 5 prediktor AUC 72,4%, sen 68,3%, spes 64,7%, PPV 11,8%, NPV 96,7%, titik potong ≥20. Prediksi prediabetes tidak dikembangkan menjadi skor karena tidak akurat, tetapi dapat diketahui faktor dominannya. Kesimpulan: Indonesia dapat memiliki perhitungan skor risiko guna memprediksi diabetes yang tidak terdiagnosis berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar yang tersedia. Skor Risiko tersebut dapat digunakan tenaga kesehatan untuk mengidentifikasi individu dengan risiko tinggi dan masyarakat awam mampu menggunakan skor tersebut.

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Objective: This studi aims to find the risk factors and develop risk score for undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. Method: Risk score made based on available data from Basic Health Research 2013 in Indonesia, with criteria 18-55 years old, newly diagnosed diabetes, and not affected by chronic /infectious diseases before.β coeff value from multinomial logistic regression analysis results of predictive models are used to develop risk score. The accuracy of risk score assessed with ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Result: 2 prediction models are use to develop risk score. The accuracy form 7 predictors for undiagnosed diabetes in model 1 are AUC 73.5%, sen 62.2%, spes 70.8%, PPV 12.8%, NPV 96.5%, cut off ≥22. The accuracy form 5 predictors for undiagnosed diabetes in model 2 are AUC 72.4%, sen 68.3%, spes 64.7%, PPV 11.8%, NPV 96.7%, cut off ≥20 . Score predikction for diabetes not developed, because of poor accuray, but the result of analysis can showed prediabetes dominant risk factors. Conclusion: Indonesia may have a risk score calculation for predicting undiagnosed diabetes based on data from Health Research provided. The risk score can be used by health workers to indentified individuals with high-risk and the general public are able to use these scores."

"Latar belakang: Peningkatan Indeks Massa Tubuh IMT merupakan indikator obesitas, yang merupakan masalah kesehatan pada penerbang sipil di Indonesia dan dapat menyebabkan inkapasitasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui trend perubahan IMT serta faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan pada penerbang komersial Indonesia.Metode: Desain penelitian berupa serial cross sectional yang didapat dari rekam medis penerbang komersial yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan RI pada tahun 2012 ndash; 2016. IMT didapatkan dari berat badan kg penerbang dibagi dengan kuadrat tinggi badan m2 . Data yang didapat berupa: tinggi badan, berat badan, umur, jam terbang 1 tahun, dan kebiasaan merokok. Analisis yang digunakan adalah ancova untuk melihat trend dan umur dan spearman atau pearson untuk data lainnya.Hasil: Di antara 123 subyek, obesitas terlihat pada 64,2 - 74,8 subyek. Terlihat adanya perbedaan IMT yang bermakna antara tahun 2012 dan 2016 p = 0,032 . Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jam terbang, umur, dan kebiasaan merokok terhadap perubahan IMT.Simpulan: Terjadi peningkatan IMT yang bermakna secara statistik setelah 5 tahun, namun peningkatan ini tidak terlalu bermakna secara klinis dan sebagian besar subyek obesitas.

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Background Increase in body mass index BMI is obesity indicator, which is problem at civilian aviation in Indonesia and can cause incapacitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate trend of changes in BMI and related risk factors on commercial pilots in Indonesia.

Methods Serial cross sectional study were obtained from commercial pilots medical record who were taking medical examination at the Civil Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta at 2012 ndash 2016. BMI were obtained from weight kg divided by quadrate of height m2. The data were height, weight, age, 1 year flight hours, and smoking habit. Ancova was used to investigate trend and age and spearman and pearson were used for other data.

Results From 123 subjects, obesity were seen in 64,2 74,8 subjects. There were differences in BMI between 2012 and 2016 p 0,032. No differences between flight hours, age, and smoking habit to BMI changes.Conclusions There were statistical increases of BMI after 5 years, however these increases have little clinical significance and most of the subjects were obesity."