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"[ABSTRAKTindakan invasif yang didapat anak selama dirawat menimbulkan reaksi nyeri.Perawat perlu mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan reaksi nyeri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan reaksi nyeri akibat tindakan invasif. Desain penelitian adalah penelitianobservasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilansampel dilakukan secara non probability sampling melalui consecutive samplingdengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 orang. Analisa data multivariatmenggunakan uji statistik regresi multinomial. Hasil analisis menunjukkanterdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ketakutan dengan reaksi nyeri (p value= 0,018). Anak yang takut memiliki peluang 5 kali untuk terjadinya reaksi nyerikategori menghindar dibandingkan anak yang tidak takut. Perawat perlumelakukan intervensi keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi ketakutan pada anaksehingga reaksi nyeri kategori menghindar dapat diminimalkan.

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ABSTRACTInvasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.;Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance., Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction “avoidance” from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.]"

"Pengambilan darah intravena dapat menimbulkan nyeri dan traumatik pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh madu terhadap skor nyeri anak saat pengambilan darah. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Sampel diambil dengan consecutive sampling, terdiri dari kelompok intervensi yang mendapatkan madu per oral (34 responden) dan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan plasebo (34 responden) usia responden 1-6 tahun. Skor nyeri dievaluasi dengan Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata skor nyeri anak pada kelompok madu dan kelompok plasebo (p=0,001). Peneliti menyimpulkan pemberian madu per oral dapat menurunkan skor nyeri pada anak saat pengambilan darah intravena.

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The intravenous blood taken can cause pains and be traumatic for child.This research has the aims to identify The influence of giving honey decreasing on the score of pain. The design of this research is quasi experiment. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling which consists of the intervened group who obtained honey per oral (34 respondents) and controlled group obtained plasebo (34 respondents) kelompok.The score of pains are evaluated with Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) respondents aged 1-6 years. The result of analysis shows there is a significant difference on the average score of pains between the intervened and controlled group (p=0,001). The researcher concluded that the giving of honey per oral can decrease the score of pains on child when the intravena blood taken.

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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Lebih dari sepertiga pekerja pembuatan batubata mengalami keluhan nyeri pada bahu. Perlu di identifikasi penyebab atau faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya nyeri bahu, sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya pencegahan di tempat kerja dengan harapan terjadi peningkatan derajat kesehatan pekerja pembuatan batu bata.Metode : Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan pemilihan sampel secara total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan pengamatan cara kerja. Variabel yang diteliti adalah umur, indeks massa tubuh, masa kerja, lama kerja, aktivitas olahraga, kebiasaan merokok, pekerjaan rumah tangga, posisi kerja lengan atas, lama posisi lengan atas sewaktu istirahat, posisi duduk ketika bekerja. Dilakukan pengukuran nyeri dan disabilitas juga menggunakan instrumen shoulder pain and disablity index SPADI Hasil : Jumlah responden adalah 92 orang lelaki. Didapatkan prevalensi nyeri bahu 57,6 dengan skor pain index 40 tahun ROs 30,62 IK95 7,16-131,01 , tidak aktivitas olahraga ROs 8,97 IK95 1,30-61,76 Faktor pekerjaan yang berhubungan; lama kerja > 8 jam ROs 5,71 IK95 1,56-20,80 , masa kerja > 5 tahun ROs 5,00 IK95 1,30-19,13 , serta posisi duduk bungkuk ROs 5,13 IK95 1,20 ndash;21,95 . Kesimpulan dan saran : Prevalensi nyeri bahu pada pekerja pembuatan batubata adalah 57,6 . Faktor yang berhubungan adalah; umur > 40 tahun, tidak aktivitas olahraga, lama kerja > 8 Jam, masa kerja > 5 tahun, posisi duduk bungkuk. Saran agar desain tempat kerja agar sesuai dengan posisi bekerja dan dianjurkan untuk berisitirahat yang cukup bagi pekerja seteleh bekerja 8 jam sehari. Kata Kunci : Nyeri bahu, pekerja informal, pembuat batu bata, aktivitas olahraga, lama kerja, masa kerja, posisi duduk.

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ABSTRACTAnalysis of shoulder pain and associated risk factors among male brick making workers Study in Cibarusah sub district, Bekasi district Background More than one third of brick making workers suffer from shoulder pain. It is necessary to identify causes or related factors to shoulder pain among them, so that prevention measures in the workplace can be implemented so that it can improve the health status of brick making workers. Method The study used cross sectional design with total sampling. Data collection was done by interviewing and observing the workers. The variables studied were age, body mass index, work period, duration of work, sport activity, smoking habit, housework, upper arm position, upper arm position during rest, sitting position at work. Pain index and disability index was measured using shoulder pain and disablity index SPADI instrument. Result The number of respondents were 92 people consisting of all men. The prevalence of shoulder pain was 57,6 . Pain index score 40 years AOR 30,62 95 CI 7,16 131,01 , no sport activity AOR 8.97 95 CI 1.30 61,76 . Related work factors duration of work 8 hours AOR 5.71 95 CI 1.56 20.80 , working period 5 years AOR 5.00 95 CI 1.30 19.13 , and AOR hunched position 5.13 95 CI 1,20 21,95 . Conclusion and suggestion The prevalence of shoulder pain in brick making workers was 57.6 . Related factors are age 40 years, no sports activity, duration of work 8 hours, work period 5 years, hunched position. Suggestions for the design of the workplace to fit the working position and it is advisable to have adequate rest for workers after work 8 hours a day. Key words Shoulder pain, informal workers, brick makers, sports activities, work period, duration of work, sitting position at work. "

"Kanker merupakan penyakit multidimensional tidak terbatas pada satu organ. Keluhan nyeri biasa ditemukan pada pasien kanker. Banyak pasien keluar masuk rumah sakit dengan keluhan nyeri. Sampai saat ini belum ada cukup bukti pendokumentasian tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan nyeri pada pasien kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan nyeri kanker di rumah sakit dr Kariadi Semarang. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien kanker usia lebih dari 18 tahun, pasien kanker dengan keluhan nyeri kriteria eksklusi pasien dengan kondisi penurunan kesadaran, pasien yang mengalami gangguan kognitif dan pasien yang tidak kooperatif.  Penelitian ini dilakukan secara acak menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 333 responden. Hasil uji spearmans rank menunjukkan faktor factor yang berhubungan dengan nyeri kanker antara lain, tingkat usia dengan p-value >0,05, jenis kelamin p >0,05, dukungan social p < 0,05, kecemasan dengan p-value < 0,05, depresi dengan p-value < 0,05, tingkat fungsional dengan p-value  < 0,05. Tingkat spiritual dengan p-value > 0,05. Tingkat stadium kanker dengan p-value > 0,05. jenis  pengobatan kanker dengan p-value < 0,05, jenis kanker dengan p-value > 0,05. Budaya dengan p-value > 0,05. Dan IMT dengan p-value > 0,05. Setelah dilakukan uji multivariat menggunakan uji t parsial diketahui bahwa tingkat kecemasan memiliki nilai signifikansi < 0,05 dan tingkat fungsional memiliki nilai signifikansi < 0,05. Hasil uji t parsial menunjukkan ada pengaruh kecemasan dan tingkat fungsional dengan nyeri pada pasien kanker. Factor factor permasalahan yang utama pada pasien nyeri kanker adalah kecemasan dan dukungan social, perlu dukungan psikologis kepada pasien kanker yang mengalami nyeri untuk menurunkan tingkat nyeri yang dialami oleh pasien kanker.

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Cancer is a multidimensional disease not limited to one organ. Pain complaints are common in cancer patients. Many patients are in and out of hospital with complaints of pain. Until now there has been insufficient evidence documenting the factors associated with pain in cancer patients. This study aims to look at factors associated with cancer pain at Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. Inclusion criteria are cancer patients aged more than 18 years, cancer patients with complaints of pain, exclusion criteria are patients with conditions of decreased consciousness, patients who experience cognitive impairment and uncooperative patients.  This study was conducted randomly using a cross sectional approach. This study took a sample of 333 respondents. The results of the Spearmans rank test showed that factors associated with cancer pain included age level with p-value> 0.05, gender p> 0.05, social support p < 0.05, anxiety with p-value < 0.05, depression with p-value < 0.05, functional level with p-value < 0.05. Spiritual level with p-value > 0.05. Cancer stage level with p-value > 0.05. type of cancer treatment with p-value < 0.05, type of cancer with p-value > 0.05. Culture with p-value > 0.05. And BMI with p-value > 0.05. After multivariate testing using partial t test, it is known that the level of anxiety has a significance value <0.05 and the functional level has a significance value <0.05. The results of the partial t test show that there is an influence of anxiety and functional level with pain in cancer patients. The main problem factors in cancer pain patients are anxiety and social support, need psychological support to cancer patients who experience pain to reduce the level of pain experienced by cancer patients."

"Latar belakang: Pada saat ini hampir semua kegiatan manusia tidak terlepas dari pemakaian komputer. Pemakaian komputer secara terus menerus dapat menimbulkan antara lain nyeri bahu kanan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi nyeri bahu kanan Serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada pekexja pengentri data. Metode: Penelitian ini antara April 2008-Mei 2008, menggunakan desain potong lintang. Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik. Populasi adalah pekerja pengentri data di Perkantoran X, Jakarta yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Nyeri bahu kanan jika satu positif hasil tes provokasi (yang dilalcukan oleh peneliti) Appley scratch, Yergason, dan Moseley di daerah bahu kanan. Jika semua hasil pemeriksaan negatif, subyek clinyatakan tidak nyeri bahu kanan. Data yang lain diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner khusus. Hasil: Subjek yang berpartisipasi 150 dari 250 pengentri data. Prevalensi nyeri bahu kanan sebesar 46% (69/150). Faktor potensi risiko yang dominan untuk nyeri bahu kanan adalah kebiasaan olah raga dan kenyamanan posisi kelja. Subjek dengan kebiasaan olah raga yang buruk dibandingkan dengan yang baik berisiko nyeri bahu kanan hampir tiga kali lipat [odds rasio Suaian (0R)= 2,93; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1,41-6,07]. Jika ditinjau dari segi kenyamanan posisi kerja, subyek yang tidak nyaman dibandingkan yang nyaman berisiko nyeri bahu kanan Iebih dari dua kali lipat (odds rasio suaian (OR) = 2,27; 95% CI = 1,11-4,64). Kesimpulan: Prevalensi nyeri bahu kanan sebesar 46%. Kebiasaan olah raga dan kenyamanan posisi kerja merupakan faktor risiko dominan terhadap nyeri bahu kanan. Maka diperlukan senam kesegaran jasmani dan perbaikah kenyamanan posisi kerja.

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Background: At present time, almost all activities are related with computer use. Long term computer use may, among others, cause right shoulder pain. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of right shoulder pain and related risk factors among data entry workers.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from April to May 2008 among simple random sampling selected data entry workers at an office in Jakarta. Data analysis used logistic regression. Based on physical examination, a subject considered had positive right shoulder pain if at least one test results positive provocation test Appley scratch, Yergason, and Moseley on right shoulder, or otherwise. Other data was collected by interviewing the subjects.

Results: A hundred and fifty subjects participated in this study. The prevalence of right shoulder pain was 46% (69/150). Sport habits and comfortable sitting position were dominant risk factors related with right shoulder pain. Those who had poor sport habits had almost three-fold risk to right shoulder pain [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =?- 2.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-6.07]. Those who felt uncomfortable sitting position had more than two times risk to get right shoulder pain (OR = 227; 95% CI = 1.11-4.64).

Conclusion: The prevalence of right shoulder pain was 46%. Poor sport habits and uncomfortable sitting position were dominant risk factors related with right shoulder pain. Therefore, aerobic class and more comfortable seats are recommended for data entry workers."

"Pemasangan infus dapat menimbulkan nyeri pada anak. Guided imagery merupakan strategi nonfarmakologi yang dapat menurunkan nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh guided imagery terhadap tingkat nyeri anak saat pemasangan infus. Jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan sampel 28 intervensi dan 28 kontrol di RSUD Kota Semarang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan rata-rata tingkat nyeri anak pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Rata-rata nyeri pada intervensi 1,68 sedangkan kontrol sebesar 4,18. Guided Imagery dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi tingkat nyeri anak usia sekolah saat pemasangan infus.

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Intravenous therapy may cause pain in children. Guided imagery is one of nonfarmachology stategy that can reduce pain. This study aim is to identify the effect of guided imagery to the pain level in children during intravenous therapy. The research design is quasi-experimental with 28 children in intervention and 28 children in control as a sample in RSUD Kota Semarang.

The results showed there is a differences mean of pain level between control and intervention group. The average of pain level in intervention group 1.68 while the pain level in control group 4.18. Guided imagery can be used to reduce the pain level in school age children during intravenous therapy."

"Latar Belakang : Osteoarthritis (OA) adalah penyakit yang paling banyak dari kelainan sendi yang ditemui pada orang dewasa di dunia, menurut WHO didalam laporannya yang berjudu “The Burden of Musculoskeletal Conditions at The Start of The New Millenium”, menuliskan bahwa osteoatritis adalah merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas di dunia dan berpengaruh besar terhadap beban biaya Kesehatan.Tujuan : Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan variasi biaya Tindakan totalknee artrhoplasty di rsud dr. Chasbullah abdulmadjid (rscam) kota bekasiMetode : Pendekatan yang dipakai pada penelitian ini secara kuantitatif dan dilakukan Uji Anova pengaruh antara variable independent dan variable dependent. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 29 pasien yang diambil sesuai kriteria inklusi yang meliputi meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, LOS, kelas kamar, severity level dan biaya perawatan yang terdiri dari akomodasi, visit dokter, konsultasi, penunjang medis, tindakan medis, obat serta alkes.Hasil : Distribusi frekuensi responden berdasarkan usia bahwa usia muda sebanyak 11 orang (37.9%), usia tua 15 orang (51.9%) dan usia lanjut sebanyak 3 orang (10.3%), dengan responden terbanyak adalah wanita 24 orang (82.8%). Jumlah kelas rawat terbanyak adalah pada kelas 3 sebanyak 16 orang (55.2%) dan severity level terbanyak adalah severity level I sebanyak 16 orang (55.2%), dimana LOS terbanyak selama perawatan adalah 5-10 hari sebanyak 25 orang (66.2%). Rata-rata total biaya pada akomodasi sebesar Rp.1.937.29.37, untuk visit dokter Rp.9.848.04, konsultasi Rp.5.8442.31, penunjang medis Rp.118.834.96, tindakan medis Rp. 508.153.50, obat Rp. 36.554.39 dan rata-rata biaya pelayanan Alkes Rp. 650.165.39. Pada Hasil Uji Anova didapatkan usia dan Length Of Stay memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap biaya perawatan dengan nilai P 0.033 untuk usia dan nilai P 0.000 untuk LOS.

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Background : Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joint disorders found in adults in the world, according to WHO in its report entitled "The Burden of Musculoskeletal Conditions at The Start of the New Millennium", writing that osteoarthritis is one of the main causes of morbidity. in the world and has a major impact on the burden of health costs.

Goal :Analyze factors related to cost variation Total action knee arthroplasty at dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid (RSCAM) Bekasi City

Methode : The approach used in this research is quantitative and the ANOVA test is carried out on the influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The samples used were 29 patients who were taken according to the inclusion criteria which included age, gender, LOS, room class, severity level and treatment costs consisting of accommodation, doctor visits, consultations, medical support, medical procedures, drugs and medical equipment.

Result : The frequency distribution of respondents based on age is 11 people (37.9%), old age 15 people (51.9%) and elderly people are 3 people (10.3%), with the majority of respondents being 24 women (82.8%). The highest number of treatment classes is in class 3 as many as 16 people (55.2%) and the highest severity level is severity level I as many as 16 people (55.2%), where the highest LOS during treatment is 5-10 days as many as 25 people (66.2%). The average total cost for accommodation is Rp.1,937.29.37, for doctor visits Rp.9,848.04, consultation Rp.5.8442.31, medical support Rp.118,834.96, medical treatment Rp. 508.153.50, medicine Rp. 36,554.39 and the average cost of medical equipment services is Rp. 650.165.39. In the ANOVA test results, age and length of stay have a significant relationship with treatment costs with a P value of 0.033 for age and a P value of 0.000 for LOS."

"Nyeri pada anak saat dilakukan prosedur invasif yang tidak teratasi dengan baik bisa berdampak terhadap kondisi kesehatan anak, kegiatan, interaksi, pola tidur anak dan menolak prosedur invasif sehingga dapat menghambat perawatan atau pengobatan anak. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan distraksi yaitu tindakan untuk mengalihkan perhatian untuk mengurangi nyeri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh menonton video kartun terhadap tingkat nyeri selama prosedur invasif pada anak di Rumah sakit umum daerah provinsi Gorontalo. Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experiment post-test only with non-equivalent control group design dengan melibatkan 68 anak prasekolah di Rumah sakit umum daerah provinsi Gorontalo yang diambil menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan tingkat nyeri pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol pada prosedur invasif p-value 0,000. Implikasi penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam pengelolaan asuhan keperawatan anak dengan gangguan kenyamanan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan signifikan tingkat nyeri selama prosedur invasif pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol di Rumah sakit umum daerah Provinsi Gorontalo.

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Pain in children when invasive procedures are not handled properly can have an impact on the child's health condition, activities, interactions, sleep patterns and refuse invasive procedures so that it can hinder the child's care or treatment. This can be overcome by distraction, which is an action to divert attention to reduce pain. This study was conducted to determine the effect of watching cartoon videos on pain levels during invasive procedures in children at the Gorontalo Province Hospital. The study used a quasi-experimental post-test only design with non-equivalent control group design involving 68 preschool children at the Gorontalo Province Hospital, which were taken using an accidental sampling technique. The results of the study using the Mann Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in pain levels in the intervention group and the control group in the invasive procedure, p-value 0.000. The implications of this research can be used as an evidence base in the management of nursing care for children with comfort disorders. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant difference in the level of pain during invasive procedures in the intervention group and the control group at the Gorontalo Province Hospital."

"Nyeri merupakan salah satu gejala yang paling sering dialami oleh pasien anak di ruang perawatan intensif yang dilakukan prosedur tindakan pengambilan darah. Perawat perlu memberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan menitikberatkan pada kenyamanan anak selama prosedur tindakan pengambilan darah di rumah sakit karena kenyamanan adalah hal penting dalam kualitas hidup pasien anak. Tujuan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk menganalisis penerapan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dalam proses asuhan keperawatan pada anak di ruang perawatan intensif yang mengalami nyeri saat pengambilan darah melalui pemberian intervensi terapi musik. Metode karya ilmiah ini adalah studi kasus pada lima pasien anak yang dirawat di ruang perawatan intensif yang mendapatkan prosedur tindakan pengambilan darah. Terdapat lima kasus pasien anak yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik yang diberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan pendekan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dengan intervensi kenyamanan yang berbasis bukti yaitu intervensi terapi musik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba dapat diterapkan dalam asuhan keperawatan anak dan terapi musik  efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri  pada anak yang dilakukan tindakan pengambilan darah.

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Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by pediatric patients in intensive care unit who are undergoing blood collection procedures. Nurses need to provide nursing care with an emphasis on children's comfort during blood collection procedures in hospitals because comfort is important in the quality of life of pediatric patients. The aim of this scientific work is to analyze the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory in the care process for children in intensive care who experience pain when taking blood through providing music therapy interventions. The method of this scientific work is a case study of five pediatric patients treated in intensive care who received a blood collection procedure. There were five cases of pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation who were given treatment using Kolcaba's Comfort Theory approach with evidence-based comfort interventions, namely music therapy interventions. The results show that Kolcaba's Comfort Theory can be applied in childcare and music therapy is effective in reducing pain in children who undergo blood sampling."