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"Latar belakang: Pada trimester ketiga terjadi peningkatan patogen yang dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan kerja imunitas usus akibat defisiensi seng, sehingga menekan pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada kehamilan trimester ketiga. Desain: Studi potong lintang pada 52 wanita hamil ≥32 minggu, berusia 19–44 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian di 10 Puskesmas Kacamatan Jakarta Timur. Dinilai asupan seng dan besi menggunakan SQ-FFQ. Asupan protein, lemak dan total kalori menggunakan 2x24 hours food recall. Dilakukan pengukuran seng serum dan penghitungan Bifidobacterium usus. Hasil: Didapatkan asupan seng kurang dengan rerata 8,74±3,90 mg/hari. Defisiensi seng didapatkan pada 75% subjek. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus subjek memiliki median sebesar 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log sel/gram. Kelompok defisiensi seng memiliki nilai median yang lebih rendah. Uji korelasi didapatkan nilai r=0,04 dengan p=0,81. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus kehamilan trimester ketiga.

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Background: Numbers of pathogen were increases in the third trimester of pregnancy that can be caused by impairment of gut immune function due to zinc serum deficiency, thereby suppressing the growth of Bifidobacterium. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between zinc serum levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Design: A cross-sectional study recruited 52 pregnant women among 19–44 years old with gestational age ≥32 weeks and met the study criteria were conducted in 10 Community Health Center at East Jakarta. Dietary intake such as zinc and iron through SQ-FFQ, protein, fat and total calories using 2x24 hours food recall were assessed. Measurement of serum zinc level and quantification of gut Bifidobacterium numbers were generated.

Results: The entire subject had poor zinc intake with mean value 8,74±3,90 mg/day. Zinc deficiency was found in 75% subjects. Median number of gut Bifidobacterium was 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log cell/gram and subjects with zinc deficiency had lower median value. Correlation test score r=0,04 and p=0,81.

Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum zinc levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy."

"Zat besi merupakan mikronutrien esensial yang diperlukan tubuh seperti pertumbuhan sel darah merah dan sel otak Kebutuhan besi meningkat pada masa kehamilan Komposisi mikrobiota dapat berubah selama tahap kehidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor misalnya besi Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan besi dan kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta Timur dari bulan Maret sampai April 2015 Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan cara konsekutif dan didapatkan 52 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara meliputi kuesioner data asupan besi heme dan non heme protein serta vitamin C dengan FFQ semikuantitatif Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status asupan gizi pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengetahui kadar feritin serum dan kadar CRP serta jumlah Bifdobacterium dalam tinja Didapatkan rerata usia 29 1 5 9 tahun nilai median asupan besi 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg hari kadar feritin serum 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g tinja Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna asupan besi dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus r 0 202 p 0 152 juga tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar feritin serum dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r=0,116 p=0,411).

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Iron is an essensial micronutrient which body needed such as for blood growth cell and brain cell Iron rsquo s requirement increases in pregnancy Microbiota composition can change in cycle of life which be affected by many factors likely iron The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between iron intake and serum ferritin with Bifidobacterium third trimester of pregnancy Data collection was conducted from March 2015 until April 2015 in all of sub district of public health centre in east Jakarta Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method A total of 52 pregnancy subjects had met the study criteria Data were collected through interviews including questionnare iron intake heme and non heme protein and vitamin C used semiquantitative FFQ Anthropometry measurementsto assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i e blood levels of serum ferritin and CRP and Bifidobacterium in feces Mean age 29 1 5 9 years Median of intake of iron was 66 7 3 3 144 1 mg day serum ferritin was 31 1 3 6 96 1 g L and gut Bifidobacterium 7 45 5 1 9 5 log g feces No significant correlation was found between iron intake and Bifidobacterium in feces r 0 202 p 0 152 and negative correlations and no significant between serum ferritin and Bifidobacterium in feces (r=0, 116, p=0,411)"

"Kolonisasi Bifidobacterium merupakan bakteri komensal yang baik untuk perkembangan dan kolonisasi awal mikrobiota janin. Jumlah Bifidobacterium dapat dipengaruhi oleh asupan protein ibu selama hamil. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta Timur mulai bulan Februari hingga April 2015 dengan subjek ibu hamil berusia 19 - 44 tahun dan usia kehamilan 32 - 37 minggu. Data asupan protein didapatkan dengan metode 2-day repeated 24 hour food recall, selain itu dinilai juga rasio asupan nabati- hewani menggunakan metode semi quantitative - food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Analisis feses dilakukan pada 52 subjek menggunakan metode real time-polymerase chain reaction (rPCR). Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan terdapat korelasi positif lemah tidak bermakna antara asupan protein dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium (r = 0,132, p >0,05), sehingga penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan adanya korelasi antara asupan protein dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga.

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Bifidobacterium is a commensal bacteria that are beneficial for the development and early colonization of microbiota on fetus. The amount of Bifidobacterium can be influenced by maternal protein intake during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study had been conducted in all primary health care in East Jakarta Subdistrict, from February to April 2015. Subjects of the study were pregnant women aged 19-44 years old and gestational age 32-37 weeks. The quantity of protein intake was obtained by 2-day repeated 24 hour food recall method, moreover, the study also assessed the intake of vegetable-animal ratio by semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) method. Stool analysis was conducted on 52 subjects using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR). The result of the study showed a poor positive correlation between protein intake with the amount of Bifidobacterium (R = 0.132, p >0.05).This study has not showed any significant correlation between protein intake with the amount of Bifidobacterium in the third trimester of pregnancy."

"Bifidobacterium merupakan salah satu mikrobiota yang memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia termasuk pada kehamilan, dan penting pada proses kolonisasi mikrobiota usus bayi baru lahir. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada dewasa relatif stabil, namun belum diketahui jumlahnya pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga, terutama di Indonesia. Asupan makanan termasuk serat dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium, termasuk serat. Stimulasi serat terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium dapat berupa stimulasi langsung sebagai prebiotik, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai substrat yang dapat difermentasi dan menurunkan pH kolon dan meningkatkan enzim intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP). Dua mekanisme terakhir secara tidak langsung menurunkan jumlah bakteri patogen sehingga jumlah Bifidobacterium meningkat. Penelitian potong lintang di seluruh Puskesmas Kecamatan di Jakarta Timur pada bulan Maret-Juni 2015 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan serat dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Lima puluh dua subjek menyelesaikan prosedur penelitian. Asupan serat dinilai dengan Food Frequency Questionnaire semikuantitatif, dan kuantifikasi Bifidobacterium dengan real time PCR. Nilai asupan serat adalah 18,9 (5,6?43,0) g/hari, dan 92,3% subjek tidak memenuhi AKG. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus adalah 7,7 (5,12?9,50) log sel/g feses. Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna (p >0,05) antara asupan serat total, serat larut dan tidak larut, dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r = 0,223; r = 0,245; r = 0,2).

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Bifidobacterium is one of the beneficial microbiota in human health, including in pregnancy and important for first intestinal microbiota colonization in newborn. The number of intestinal Bifidobacterium in adults is relatively stable, but still unknown in the third trimester of pregnancy, especially in Indonesia. Dietary intake is one of the factors influencing the growth of Bifidobacterium, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber stimulation act directly as a prebiotic, or indirectly as a fermentation substrate that promote the decreasing of colonic pH, and increasing intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP) enzyme, resulting a decrease of the amount of pathogenic microbiota. A cross-sectional study in all district public health care in the East Jakarta, March until June 2015 was performed to assess the correlation between dietary fiber intake and the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy women. Fifty-two subjects completed the study procedures. Dietary fiber intake was assessed using semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and instestinal Bifidobacterium was quantified using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rPCR). Dietary fiber intake in this study was 18.9 (5.6?43.0) g/day and 92.3% subjects did not meet the Dietary Reference Intake. The intestinal Bifidobacterium count is 7.7 (5.12?9.50) log cell/g faeces. The results show that there is no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between dietary fiber, dietary soluble fiber, and dietary insoluble fiber intake with the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy (r = 0.223; r = 0.245; r = 0.2)."

"Bifidobacterium usus maternal merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kolonisasi Bifidobacterium pada usus neonatus. Kolonisasai bakteri tersebut penting pada neonatus karena dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dan sistem imunnya di masa yang akan datang, dengan demikian faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi jumlah Bifidobacterium usus maternal penting untuk diketahui. Berbagai penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa diet tinggi lemak dapat mempengaruhi jumlah Bifidobacterium usus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara asupan lemak total dan rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6 terhadap omega-3 dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus maternal pada kehamilan trimester ketiga. Lima puluh dua ibu hamil (33-37 minggu) pada 10 puskesmas kecamatan Jakarta Timur ikut serta pada penelitian potong lintang ini. Asupan lemak total dan rasio asupan asam lemak secara berurutan dinilai dengan metode 2-day repeated 24 hours food recall dan SQFFQ. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus dianalisa menggunakan quantitative real-time PCR. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif lemah antara asupan lemak total dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus maternal pada kehamilan trimester ketiga. Namun belum dapat membuktikan adanya korelasi yang bermakna antara rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6 terhadap omega-3 dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus maternal pada kehamilan trimester ketiga.

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Bifidobacterium colonization in neonates is crucial because it has a large effect on their health and immunity in the future, thus factors that influenced the maternal gut Bifidobacterium became important to known because maternal gut Bifidobacterium is the most important factor to determined the initial colonization. Dietary intervention studies have shown that high fat diet can dramatically changed the nurmbers of gut Bifidobacterium.

The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between total dietary fat intake and the ratio of essential fatty acids with the numbers of maternal gut Bifidobacterium on third trimester of pregnancy. Fifty two pregnant women (33?37 weeks) from 10 district primary health care in East Jakarta were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Dietary fat intake and the ratio of essential fatty acids was assesed with 2-day repeated 24 hours food recall and SQFFQ, respectively. Maternal gut Bifidobacterium was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR.

This present study have shown that total dietary fat intake have a weak positive correlation with maternal gut Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy. Hormonal and immunological changes in pregnancy is the possible explanation to this phenomenon. This study have not been able to prove a correlation between omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio with maternal gut Bifidobacterium."

"Status gizi pada ibu hamil mempengaruhi komposisi mikrobiota usus ibu yang secara tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi pembentukan mikrobiota usus anak. Penelitian ini adalah suatu studi potong lintang yang mencari korelasi peningkatan berat badan dan lingkar lengan atas dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium dan Lactobacillus pada 52 ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 10 Puskesmas Kecamatan Jakarta Timur selama bulan Februari?April 2015. Uji korelasi peningkatan BB dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium (r = 0,119, p = 0,4) dan dengan jumlah Lactobacillus (r = -0,009, p = 0,951). Korelasi LLA dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium (r = -0,211, p = 0,134) dan dengan jumlah Lactobacillus (r = - 0,013, p = 0,926). Dengan demikian, penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan bahwa terdapat adanya korelasi antara peningkatan BB dan LLA dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium dan Lactobacillus pada kehamilan trimester ketiga.

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Maternal nutritional status influences maternal gut microbiota composition, which in turn shapes the infant?s gut microbiota composition. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota regulates obesity by increasing energy harvest from diet and by regulating peripheral metabolism. This cross-sectional study reports the correlation of maternal weight gain and mid-upper arm circumference with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus on 52 third-trimester pregnant women. The study was done on February?April 2015 in 10 Primary Health Care Centres in East Jakarta. Correlation of maternal weight gain with Bifidobacterium (r = 0.119, p = 0.4) and with Lactobacillus (r = -0.009, p = 0.951). The correlation of MUAC with Bifidobacterium (r = -0.211, p = 0.134) and Lactobacillus (r = -0.013, p = 0.926). Thus, this study has not proven any correlation between maternal weight gain and MUAC with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus count."

"[ABSTRAKPada kehamilan dibutuhkan asupan zat gizi yang adekuat untuk menunjangpembelahan sel dan pertumbuhan yang cepat. Seng merupakan kofaktor dari hampirsekitar 200 enzim yang berperan penting dalam embryogenesis. Defisiensi sengberhubungan dengan komplikasi pada ibu selama kehamilan dan persalinan sertagangguan pertumbuhan dan kelainan kongenital pada janin. Konsentrasi sengserum menurun sejak kehamilan trimester pertama hingga ketiga. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untukmengetahui korelasi antara konsentrasi seng serum maternal dengan tali pusat padakehamilan trimester ketiga. Penelitian dilakukan di 10 puskesmas di Jakarta Timurpada bulan Maret 2015 sampai bulan April 2015. Pengambilan subyek dilakukandengan cara konsekutif dan didapatkan 63 orang subyek yang memenuhi kriteriapenelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi data usia, usiakehamilan, paritas, pajanan rokok, pendapatan rumah tangga, pendidikan maternal,serta asupan protein, besi, tembaga dan seng dengan metode Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif. Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilaistatus gizi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang meliputi konsentrasi seng serum dantali pusat. Didapatkan rerata usia 27,63 ± 4,96 tahun dan sebagian besar subjekberada dalam kategori pendidikan tinggi dan pendapatan tinggi. Asupan sengmenunjukkan 98,4% subjek memiliki asupan seng kurang dari Angka KecukupanGizi (AKG) Indonesia. Nilai median konsentrasi seng serum maternal 53,70 (28.18-67,61) μg/dL dan 82,5% subyek tergolong dalam kategori adekuat. Nilai mediankonsentrasi seng serum tali pusat adalah sebesar 85,11(57.54 - 154,88) μg/dL, sedangkan 65,1% subjek tergolong dalam kategori tidakadekuat. Didapatkan rasio di antaranya 0,63 dengan korelasi tidak bermakna antarakonsentrasi seng serum maternal dengan tali pusat (r=0,04, p=0,78).

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ABSTRACTPregnancy is a period of rapid growth and cell differentiation, when both of themother and the fetus are very susceptible to alterations in dietary supply, especiallyof nutrients which are marginal under normal circumstances. Zinc is required forcellular division and differentiation, and is an essential nutrient for normalembryogenesis. Zinc deficiency has been associated with complications ofpregnancy and delivery, as well as growth retardation and congenital abnormalitiesin the fetus. It has been found that zinc levels keep decreasing during pregnancyfrom first trimester to third trimester. The aim of this cross sectional study was tofind the correlation between serum maternal and cordblood zinc level during thirdtrimester. Data collection was conducted during March 2015 to April 2015 on 10selected primary health service in East Jakarta. Subjects were obtained usingconsecutive sampling method. A total of 63 pregnant subjects had met the studycriteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, gestation age, parity,tobacco exposure, household income, maternal education, zinc intake, proteinintake, iron intake, and copper intake. Anthropometry measurements to assess thenutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of maternal andcordblood zinc. Mean age was 27.63 ± 4.96 years and majority of the subjects werehigh-educated and well-income. Intake of zinc showed 98.4% of the subjects wereless than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Median of serum maternal zinclevels was 53.95 (27.97 ? 74.93) μg/dL, while 82.5% the of subjects werecategorized as adequate zinc levels. Median of serum cordblood zinc levels was84.92 (56.95 ? 155.86) μg/dL. No significant correlation was found between serummaternal and cordblood zinc (r=0.04, p=0.78) with the ratio between serummaternal and cordblood zinc was 0.63, Pregnancy is a period of rapid growth and cell differentiation, when both of themother and the fetus are very susceptible to alterations in dietary supply, especiallyof nutrients which are marginal under normal circumstances. Zinc is required forcellular division and differentiation, and is an essential nutrient for normalembryogenesis. Zinc deficiency has been associated with complications ofpregnancy and delivery, as well as growth retardation and congenital abnormalitiesin the fetus. It has been found that zinc levels keep decreasing during pregnancyfrom first trimester to third trimester. The aim of this cross sectional study was tofind the correlation between serum maternal and cordblood zinc level during thirdtrimester. Data collection was conducted during March 2015 to April 2015 on 10selected primary health service in East Jakarta. Subjects were obtained usingconsecutive sampling method. A total of 63 pregnant subjects had met the studycriteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, gestation age, parity,tobacco exposure, household income, maternal education, zinc intake, proteinintake, iron intake, and copper intake. Anthropometry measurements to assess thenutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of maternal andcordblood zinc. Mean age was 27.63 ± 4.96 years and majority of the subjects werehigh-educated and well-income. Intake of zinc showed 98.4% of the subjects wereless than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Median of serum maternal zinclevels was 53.95 (27.97 – 74.93) μg/dL, while 82.5% the of subjects werecategorized as adequate zinc levels. Median of serum cordblood zinc levels was84.92 (56.95 – 155.86) μg/dL. No significant correlation was found between serummaternal and cordblood zinc (r=0.04, p=0.78) with the ratio between serummaternal and cordblood zinc was 0.63]"

"ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Kehamilan merupakan suatu proses yang membutuhkan asupan seng yang adekuat guna menunjang kesehatan ibu dan janin. Defisiensi seng akibat kurangnya asupan dan bioavailabilitas seng dalam diet masih merupakan masalah di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kadar seng serum dan hubungannya dengan asupan makanan dalam upaya perbaikan asupan seng pada kehamilan trimester tiga.

Desain: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 51 subjek ibu hamil trimester tiga dengan menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dan consecutive sampling.

Hasil: Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil rerata kadar seng serum pada subjek penelitian adalah 39,32±6,28 µg/dl dengan frekuensi seng serum rendah dari normal sebesar 92,16%. Semua subjek penelitian tidak memenuhi asupan seng, serat, energi dan protein sesuai AKG. Asupan besi subjek penelitian melebihi AKG pada 96,1% subjek dan semua subjek memiliki rasio molar fitat lebih dari 15. Terdapat korelasi lemah yang tidak bermakna secara statistik antara asupan seng (r=0.068), besi (r=0,09), fitat (r=0,081), serat (r=0,026), energi (r=0,073) dan protein (r=0,033) dengan seng serum subjek penelitian.

Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein dengan seng serum subjek penelitian. Dibutuhkan edukasi tentang bahan makanan sumber yang baik untuk memperbaiki asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein pada ibu hamil.

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ABSTRAK

Background: Pregnancy is a process that requires an adequate zinc intake to support maternal and perinatal health. However, zinc deficiency due to inadequate intake and zinc bioavailability in diet still remain a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate serum zinc levels and its relation to food intake in order to improve zinc intake in late pregnancy.

Design: The method used in this study was cross sectional, consecutive sampling on 51 late pregnancy subjects.

Results: The study results mean serum zinc level was 39.32±6.28 µg/dl with prevalence of serum zinc below normal 92.16%. All of the subjects did not meet the RDI of zinc, fiber, energy and protein. As 96.1% subjects meet the RDI of iron and all subjects had phytate-zinc molar ratio more than 15. There was a weak correlation that not statistically significant between the intake of zinc (r=0.068), iron (r=0.09), phytate (r=0.081), dietary fiber (r=0.026), energy (r=0.073) and protein (r=0.033) with serum zinc.

Conclusion:This study conclude that there was no association between intake of zinc, iron, phytate, dietary fiber, energy and protein with serum zinc level in late pregnancy. Pregnant women need a nutritional education about good food source to improve zinc, iron, dietary fiber, energy, and protein intakes.

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"Peningkatan BB selama kehamilan yang tidak optimal akan meningkatkan risiko komplikasi kehamilan, ibu dan anak melalui mekanisme peningkatan IL-6. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar IL-6 serum perempuan hamil trimester 3 dengan peningkatan BB selama kehamilan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Februari 2014 di Puskesmas Jatinegara, Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang, consecutive sampling, pada 64 subyek perempuan hamil trimester 3 ≥37 minggu. Didapatkan hasil penelitian yaitu 42,2% mempunyai IMT trimester 1 BB lebih, 40,6% mempunyai asupan energi total berlebih dan sesuai anjuran serta rerata peningkatan BB 12,1 (±3,8) kg dengan 40,6% mempunyai peningkatan BB selama kehamilan sesuai rekomendasi IOM. Kadar IL-6 serum perempuan hamil trimester 3 pada penelitian ini adalah 3,067 (0,608 ? 18,207) pg/ml dengan kadar IL-6 serum pada peningkatan BB kurang (3,441 (±1,819) pg/ml) dan lebih (3,017 (1,234?14,083) pg/ml) cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok sesuai (2,707 (0,608?18,207) pg/ml). Didapatkan korelasi positif lemah tidak bermakna antara kadar IL-6 serum perempuan hamil trimester 3 dengan peningkatan BB selama kehamilan (r=0,144, p=0,257) dan analisis kadar IL-6 serum berdasarkan kelompok peningkatan BB selama kehamilan didapatkan hasil tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,708). Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah kadar IL-6 serum berkorelasi lemah dengan peningkatan BB selama kehamilan.

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Gestational weight gain (GWG) that is not optimal will increase the risk of complications in pregnancy through increasing the IL-6 mechanism. This study aimes to determine the correlation of IL-6 serum levels on third trimester pregnancy with GWG. This is a cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling in 64 pregnant women ≥37 weeks. It was conducted in January-February 2014 at community health centers Jatinegara, Jakarta. The results are most subjects have overweight BMI at 1st trimester (42,2%), most of subjects have either sufficient or excessive total energy intake than the recommendation (40.6%), the majority of the subjects having sufficient GWG based on IOM guidelines (40.6%) with mean GWG is 12.1 (± 3.8) kg. Serum level of IL-6 is 3.067 (0.608-18.207) pg/ml with serum levels of IL-6 in insufficient GWG (3.441 (± 1.819) pg/ml)) and excessive GWG (3.017 (1.234-14.083) pg/ml)) tends to be higher compared with sufficient GWG (2.707 (0.608-18.207) pg/ml)). The correlation of IL-6 serum level on 3rd trimester with GWG is positive, weak and not significant (r = 0.144, p = 0.257). Analysis of IL-6 serum levels within GWG categories show no significant difference between groups (p = 0.708). In conclusion, there is weak correlation between IL-6 serum level on 3rd trimester of pregnancy with GWG."

"Berat badan bayi merupakan salah satu variabel epidemiologi yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas di tahun pertama kehidupan bayi. Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) maupun besar masa kehamilan (BMK) berisiko mengalami gangguan pada usia lebih lanjut. Berat badan bayi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor antara lain asupan gizi ibu dan status gizi ibu. Asupan zat gizi yang optimal akan bermanfaat untuk mendukung perkembangan dan pertumbuhan janin. Peningkatan berat badan ibu juga merupakan faktor ang menentukan outcome bayi. Ibu hamil dengan peningkatan berat badan yang kurang selama kehamilan akan berisiko lebih tinggi melahirkan bayi prematur. Mikrobiota adalah kumpulan mikroorganisme yang hidup berdampingan dengan inangnya. Ditenggarai adanya peran mikrobiota terhadap berat badan lahir bayi. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian Departemen Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara jumlah mikrobiota usus dan asupan zat gizi ibu hamil trimester ketiga dengan berat badan lahir bayi di Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di 10 puskesmas kecamatan se Jakarta Timur pada bulan Februari-April 2015. Dari 315 subjek ibu hamil trimester ketiga yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian dengan menanda tangani informed consent, didapatkan 52 subjek yang dapat dianalisis. Subjek yang dapat dianalisis dilakukan pengukuran berat badan (BB), tinggi badan (TB), wawancara asupan makanan, pengukuran sampel feses dan pengukuran berat badan lahir bayi. Sebaran data karakteristik menunjukkan 82,7% subjek berpendidikan menengah rendah, 59,6% memiliki pendapatan dibawah UMP, 82,7% subjek tidak mendapatkan asupan energi yang cukup per harinya, dan 73,1% status gizi trimester pertama subjek tergolong berlebih hingga obese. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan korelasi antara asupan zat gizi ibu hamil trimester ketiga dengan berat badan lahir, dan tidak didapatkan korelasi antara mikrobiota Bifidobacterium (r = 0,134; p>0,05), Lactobacillus (r = -0,118; p>0,05) dan Staphylococcus (r = 0,43; p>0,05) ibu hamil dengan berat badan lahir bayi.

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Baby birth weight is one epidemiological variables associated with mortality in the first year of life. Both baby with low birth weight (LBW) and large for gestational age (LGA) posses risk of having complication at later age. Birth weight is affected by many factors, such as maternal nutritional intake and nutritional status. Optimal intake of nutrients would be beneficial to support fetal growth and development. Maternal weight gain is also a factor determining the outcome of baby . Pregnant women with less weight gain during pregnancy are at greater risk of premature birth.Microbiota is a group of microorganism coexist with its host. It was suspected that there is a role of the microbiota on birth weight. This study is part of the research in department of nutrition, faculty of medicine, university of Indonesia that aims to see the correlation between the number of guy microbiota and nutritional intake in third semester pregnant women with birth weight in East Jakarta.

This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 10 distriect health centers throughout East Jakarta in February to April 2015. Of the 315 subjects enrolled, 52 subjects could be analysis. Subjects were measured for body weight (BW), height, food intake interviews, fecal sample measurement and birth weight measurement. Characteristic of the subjects showed that 82,7% has middle to lower education level and 59,6% has revenue under provincial minimal wage. More than eighty percent of subjects did not receive adequate energy intake per day, and 73,1% subjects were categorized as overweight to obese. In this study, there are no correlation between nutrition intake and birth weight. There is also no correlation between gut microbiota Bifidobacterium (r = 0,134; p>0,05), Lactobacillus (r = -0,118; p>0,05) and Staphylococcus (r = 0,43; p>0,05) and birth weight."