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"[ABSTRAKGangguan pendengaran akibat stroke yang terjadi pada jalur auditorik merupakan aspek yang sedikit sekali dieksplorasi pada pasien pasca stroke dan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada fungsi dan kualitas hidup. Pendengaran memfasilitasi komunikasi verbal sehingga hal ini penting untuk memberikan penatalaksanaan yang sesuai dan maksimal. Untuk mengukur proporsi gangguan pendengaran dan gangguan komunikasi verbal pada pasien pasca stroke dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni, audiometri tutur, dan audiometri tutur dalam bising untuk mengkaji bagaimana gangguan pendengaran berkorelasi dengan karakteristik demografik dan karakteristik klinis serta faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta pada bulan November 2014 sampai Mei 2015, melibatkan 40 subyek pasien pasca stroke otak (eksklusi afasia, gangguan fungsi luhur dan gangguan kognitif) yang terdiagnosis dari pencitraan tomografi komputer kepala. Sebanyak 40% mengalami gangguan pendengaran sensorineural (ringan 37,5% dan sedang 20%). Gangguan pendengaran sentral didapatkan 12,5 dan campuran (sensorineural dan sentral) sebanyak17,5%. Didapatkan gangguan komunikasi verbal dalam suasana tenang dan bising 12,% sedangkan gangguan dalam suasana bising sebanyak 32,5%. Berdasarkan nilai odds rasio didapatkan kecenderungan faktor risiko usia lebih dari 60 tahun, letak lesi kortikal dan atau subkortikal serta vaskularisasi lesi dapat mempengaruhi gangguan pendengaran dengan atau tanpa disertai gangguan komunikasi dan secara statistik bermakna.

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ABSTRACTHearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.;Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance., Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.]"

"Tuli mendadak merupakan kedaruratan dibidang audiologi yang perlu penatalaksanaan segera. Konsensus terapi tuli mendadak tahun 2010 di Madrid-Spanyol dan systematic review yang dilakukan Cochrane tahun 2009 menetapkan steroid sebagai terapi utama. Pasien yang mengalami kesembuhan memperlihatkan peningkatan nilai emisi otoakustik selama terapi. Perbaikan emisi terjadi lebih awal dibandingkan perbaikan ambang dengar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi hasil terapi metil prednisolon dosis terbaru pada tuli mendadak dengan pemeriksaan DPOAE dan audiometri nada murni dengan desain pre-eksperimental bersifat analitik pre-post terapi. Pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni dan DPOAE dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah terapi hari ke-15 pada 22 subjek penelitian. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan perubahan bermakna nilai audiometri di semua frekuensi yang diteliti, perubahan bermakna nilai DPOAE di frekuensi 1500 Hz, 2000 Hz, 8000 Hz dan hubungan bermakna perubahan SNR pada DPOAE dengan tingkat perubahan ambang dengar pada frekuensi 8000 Hz dan 10000 Hz. Penelitian ini mendapatkan perubahan yang bermakna nilai audiometri nada murni sebelum dan sesudah terapi pada semua frekuensi yang diteliti dengan menggunakan dosis terbaru metil prednisolon. Oleh karena itu dosis ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk terapi tuli mendadak.

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Sudden deafness is an emergency case in audiology that need immediate treatment. Consensus 2010 in Madrid-Spain and Cochrane systematic review in 2009, stated steroid as drugs of choice in sudden deafness therapy. Patient that has been recovered from sudden deafness has increasing otoacoustic emission during treatment. The emission improvement begins earlier than the improvement of the hearing level.

The aim of research is to evaluate new dose of methylprednisolon therapy in sudden deafness by using DPOAE and pure tone audiometry with pre-experimental analytical design pre-post treatment. Pure tone audiometry and DPOAE evaluation before therapy and day 15th after therapy on 22 subjects.

This reseach found that there are changes in pure tone audiometry for all hearing frequencies, there is also changes in DPOAE for 1500 Hz, 2000 Hz, 8000 Hz frequencies and a significant difference between changes in DPOAE with changes in hearing threshold level for 8000 Hz and 10000 Hz. This research found changes in pure tone audiometry for all hearing frequencies by using new dose of methylprednisolone. There fore, this new dose could be applied for sudden deafness therapy."

"Latar belakang: Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada pilot merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan inkapasitasi pada saat pilot menjalankan tugas terbangnya dan berdampak terhadap keselamatan penerbangan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi jam terbang total dan faktor dominan lainnya terhadap risiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural di antara pilot sipil di Indonesia. Metode: Desain penelitian potong lintang dengan purposive sampling pada tanggal 4-20 Mei 2015 terhadap pilot laki-laki berusia 20-60 tahun dan pilot memiliki lisensi Commercial Pilot License (CPL) atau Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL) yang sedang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala (medex) di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Jakarta. Gangguan pendengaran yaitu subyek memiliki ambang dengar 25 dB atau lebih. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara memakai kuesioner. kemudian data diambil dari rekam medis pada hari pemeriksaan. Risiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural dianalisis menggunakan risiko relatif (RR) dengan regresi Cox. Hasil: Selama 3 minggu masa pengumpulan data terdapat 681 pilot yang melakukan medex di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, didapatkan 314 pilot yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Sebanyak 15,9% mempunyai gangguan pendengaran sensorineural. Pilot dengan jam terbang total lebih 5000 jam dibandingkan kurang 5000 jam berisiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural 4,7 kali lipat [risiko relatif suaian (RRa)=4,73; p=0,137]. Pilot dengan usia 45-60 tahun dibandingkan usia 20-44 tahun berisiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural 6,8 lipat (RRa=6,87; p=0,000). Simpulan: Jam terbang total 5000 jam atau lebih serta usia 45-60 tahun meningkatkan risiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada pilot sipil di Indonesia.

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Background: Sensorineural hearing loss in civil pilots could interfere pilots? performance to safely operate an aircraft thus could cause incapacitation on board. This study aimed to identify risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss among civil pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling on 4-20 May 2015 was conducted on pilots of the male civilian. The inclusion criteria civilian pilots male 20-60 years old and had Commercial Pilot License (CPL) or Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL) who were taking medical examinations (medex) in Civil Aviation Medical Centre, Jakarta. Hearing impairment defined by hearing threshold of 25 dB or more. Demographic data were collected by interviewed pilots using questionnaires while audiometry and laboratory data were collected from medical records. Risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results: Three weeks collecting data had 681 pilot conducted medex in Civil Aviation Medical Centre, among 314 commercial pilots were fulfilled the criteria?s. Percentage of sensorineural hearing loss from audiometry data were 15.9%. Subjects with 5000 flight hours or more had almost five times increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss compared to subjects with less than 5000 flight hours [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 4.73; p = 0.137]. Subjects aged 45-60 year-old had almost seven times increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss compared to subjects aged 20-44 year-old (RRa= 6.87; p = 0.000).

Conclusion: Total flight hours 5000 hours or more and age of 45-60 years increased the risk of sensorineural hearing loss among civilian pilots in Indonesia."

"Tumor di Cerebellopontine Angle CPA terjadi sekitar 5-10 dari seluruh tumor intrakranial. Gejala yang muncul bervariasi sesuai ukuran dan lokasi lesi. Keluhan yang paling sering terjadi adalah ganggguan pendengaran dan tinitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data gambaran gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada pasien tumor CPA di poli THT RSCM berdasarkan audiometri nada murni dan Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry BERA serta mengetahui gambaran tumor CPA pada MRI di RSCM. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian dengan studi potong lintang cross sectional yang bersifat deskriptif analitik. Subjek penelitian diambil semua total sampling yaitu sebanyak 104 pasien, berasal dari data sekunder pada periode Juli 2012 hingga November 2016 dan 30 pasien di antaranya memenuhi kriteria penerimaan. Karakteristik pasien tumor CPA di poli THT FKUI RSCM sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan, dengan usia rerata dewasa tua 41-60 tahun dan keluhan paling banyak berupa tinitus dan gangguan pendengaran asimetri berupa gangguan pendengaran sensorineural sangat berat pada 10 subjek. Hasil BERA ipsilateral terganggu pada 29 subjek dan BERA kontralateral terganggu pada 17 subjek. Terdapat 24 dari 30 subjek memberi gambaran tumor berukuran besar, dan lokasi tumor telah meluas di intrakanal hingga ekstrakanal pada 19 subjek.

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Tumors in cerebellopontine angle CPA occurs approximately about 5 10 of all intracranial tumors. Symptoms are varies according to the size and location of the lesion. Unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus are the most frequent symptoms. The aim of the is study is to obtain data of sensorineural hearing loss in CPA tumor patients in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital CMH using pure tone audiometry and BERA, also to obtain data of tumor imaging in MRI. This is a cross sectional study descriptive analytic. Subjects of this study was collected using total sampling method from secondary data from July 2012 to November 2016. Thirty patient from 104 patients met the inclusion criteria. Characteristics of the CPA tumor patients in the ENT CMH outpatients clinic mostly female, with a mean age of middle age patients 41 60 years and most clinical presentation is tinnitus and severe assymmetry sensorineural hearing loss in 10 subjects. From 30 subjects, 29 subjects had impaired BERA in ipsilateral and contralateral BERA impaired in 17 subjects. There are 24 from 30 subjects had a large sized tumor and location of the tumor has spread in intracanal until extracanal in 19 subjects."

"Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural merupakan salah satu komplikasi pada otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK). Kelainan ini bisa bersifat sementara atau permanen dan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Pemeriksaan audiometri konvensional, masking dan tes Sensorinural Acuity Level (SAL) dapat menilai seberapa besar kejadian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada OMSK dan faktor yang berhubungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang bersifat deskriptif analitik yang dilakukan di Poli THT RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Januari-Mei 2015 melibatkan 73 telinga OMSK. Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada OMSK didapatkan sebanyak 24,7% dan umumnya terjadi pada frekuensi tinggi. Tipe OMSK, durasi penyakit, dan tipe perforasi dapat memengaruhi gangguan pendengaran sensorineural dan secara statistik bermakna. Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural terjadi pada OMSK dan pemeriksaan audiometri yang benar dapat menentukan kejadian ini. Tipe OMSK, durasi penyakit, dan tipe perforasi memengaruhi kejadian gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada OMSK.

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Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). This order can be temporary or permanent and influenced by many factors. Conventional audiometry, masking, and Sensorineural Acuty Level (SAL) test can diagnose this incident. This study aims to determine the prevalence sensorineural hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media and related factors.

This study was a cross sectional descriptif analytic which done at ENT Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital periode January to May 2015 involving 73 ears of CSOM. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in CSOM is about 24,7% and generally occurs at high frequency. Type of CSOM, duration of disease, and type of perforation may affect sensorineural hearing loss and statistically significant. Sensorineural hearing loss accurs in CSOM and audiometry examination can determine this condition. Type of CSOM, duration of disease, and type of perforation influence the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in CSOM."

"Gangguan pendengaran merupakan gangguan yang paling umum ditemukan pada neonatus. Gangguan dapat diatasi dengan mudah bila didiagnosis pada awal kelahiran. Prevalensi global gangguan pendengaran permanen pada neonatus kebanyakan berasal dari negara berkembang sekitar 0,5-5 per 1000 kelahiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efek terapi aminoglikosida dan faktor yang dapat menginduksi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus yang dirawat di NICU Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian bersifat case-control dengan sampel 112 neonatus di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Data skrining pendengaran neonatus secara retrospektif dikumpulkan melalui data rekam medis elektronik dan data medis pasien. Hanya pasien yang dirawat dan diobati di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) dari November 2018 hingga Oktober 2019 yang diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Usia gestasional saat kelahiran (LGA) dan anomali kraniofasial dianggap sebagai faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan pendengaran karena secara statistik signifikan (p < 0,05). Penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin, berat badan saat kelahiran, ventilasi mekanik, lama rawat di NICU (>5 hari), hiperbilirubinemia (> 10 mg/dl), asfiksia, dan terapi aminoglikosida (p > 0,05). Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus dengan usia gestasional saat lahir dibawah dari 37 minggu dan adanya anomali kraniofasial memiliki signifikansi yang tinggi dibandingkan bayi yang lahir dengan normal. Kedua faktor tersebut memiliki risiko gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus 8 hingga 14 kali lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, terapi aminoglikosida ditemukan tidak berbeda signifikan pada penelitian ini dikarenakan nilai p sebesar 0,124 yang lebih besar dari 0,05 untuk interval kepercayaan 95%. Temuan lainnya yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan adalah jenis kelamin, berat badan saat lahir, lama rawat di NICU selama > 5 hari, dukungan ventilator > 5 hari, bayi lahir dengan asfiksia dan hiperbilirubinemia > 10 mmol/l

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Hearing loss is the most common disorder in neonates; it can be best managed if diagnosed at an early stage of life. The global prevalence of permanent neonatal hearing loss mainly occurs in developing countries, accounting for 0.5 to 5.0 per 1000 live births. This study's objective was to evaluate effects of aminoglycoside therapy, and associated factors that can induce hearing loss in neonates admitted to NICU at Dr.Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital. This was a case-control study conducted among 112 neonates at Dr. Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). Data of neonatal hearing screening were retrospectively collected from hospital electronic medical records and medical files. Only patients admitted and treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from November 2018 to October 2019 were recruited. Out of 112 neonates studied, the Low Gestational Age at birth (L.G.A.) and Craniofacial anomalies were considered as risk factors for hearing loss since they were statistically significant (p< 0.05). The study showed no statistically significant association in gender, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, NICU stay period (>5 days), hyperbilirubinemia (>10mg/dl), asphyxia, and aminoglycoside therapy (p>0.05). The prevalence of hearing loss in neonates with a lower gestational age of leser than 37 weeks and craniofacial anomalies are significantly higher compare to full-term neonates born. They are more associated with 8 to 14 times increased risk of hearing loss in neonates. In contrast, aminoglycoside therapy was found insignificant different in this study since its p-value were 0.124 which is greter than p-value <0.05 for 95% signicant interval. Other finds that were not significantly different are gender, birth weight, extended stay at ICU for >5 days, ventilatory support > 5days, baby borns with asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia > 10mmol/l."

"Gangguan pendengaran merupakan gangguan yang paling umum ditemukan pada neonatus. Gangguan dapat diatasi dengan mudah bila didiagnosis pada awal kelahiran. Prevalensi global gangguan pendengaran permanen pada neonatus kebanyakan berasal dari negara berkembang sekitar 0,5-5 per 1000 kelahiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efek terapi aminoglikosida dan faktor yang dapat menginduksi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus yang dirawat di NICU Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian bersifat case-control dengan sampel 112 neonatus di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Data skrining pendengaran neonatus secara retrospektif dikumpulkan melalui data rekam medis elektronik dan data medis pasien. Hanya pasien yang dirawat dan diobati di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) dari November 2018 hingga Oktober 2019 yang diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Usia gestasional saat kelahiran (LGA) dan anomali kraniofasial dianggap sebagai faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan pendengaran karena secara statistik signifikan (p < 0,05). Penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin, berat badan saat kelahiran, ventilasi mekanik, lama rawat di NICU (>5 hari), hiperbilirubinemia (> 10 mg/dl), asfiksia, dan terapi aminoglikosida (p > 0,05). Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus dengan usia gestasional saat lahir dibawah dari 37 minggu dan adanya anomali kraniofasial memiliki signifikansi yang tinggi dibandingkan bayi yang lahir dengan normal. Kedua faktor tersebut memiliki risiko gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus 8 hingga 14 kali lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, terapi aminoglikosida ditemukan tidak berbeda signifikan pada penelitian ini dikarenakan nilai p sebesar 0,124 yang lebih besar dari 0,05 untuk interval kepercayaan 95%. Temuan lainnya yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan adalah jenis kelamin, berat badan saat lahir, lama rawat di NICU selama > 5 hari, dukungan ventilator > 5 hari, bayi lahir dengan asfiksia dan hiperbilirubinemia > 10 mmol/l

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Hearing loss is the most common disorder in neonates; it can be best managed if diagnosed at an early stage of life. The global prevalence of permanent neonatal hearing loss mainly occurs in developing countries, accounting for 0.5 to 5.0 per 1000 live births. This study's objective was to evaluate effects of aminoglycoside therapy, and associated factors that can induce hearing loss in neonates admitted to NICU at Dr.Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital. This was a case-control study conducted among 112 neonates at Dr. Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). Data of neonatal hearing screening were retrospectively collected from hospital electronic medical records and medical files. Only patients admitted and treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from November 2018 to October 2019 were recruited. Out of 112 neonates studied, the Low Gestational Age at birth (L.G.A.) and Craniofacial anomalies were considered as risk factors for hearing loss since they were statistically significant (p< 0.05). The study showed no statistically significant association in gender, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, NICU stay period (>5 days), hyperbilirubinemia (>10mg/dl), asphyxia, and aminoglycoside therapy (p>0.05). The prevalence of hearing loss in neonates with a lower gestational age of leser than 37 weeks and craniofacial anomalies are significantly higher compare to full-term neonates born. They are more associated with 8 to 14 times increased risk of hearing loss in neonates. In contrast, aminoglycoside therapy was found insignificant different in this study since its p-value were 0.124 which is greter than p-value <0.05 for 95% signicant interval. Other finds that were not significantly different are gender, birth weight, extended stay at ICU for >5 days, ventilatory support > 5days, baby borns with asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia > 10mmol/l."

"Gangguan pendengaran karena bising merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang sering ditemui pada perusahaan manufaktur. Hazard yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran meliputi bising, zat kimia dan getaran. Ruang lingkup penelitian tesis ini adalah melihat dampak pajanan bising terhadap fungsi pendengaran pekerja yang terpajan bising diatas 82 dBA. Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional study yang meneliti hubungan faktor independen berupa dosisi pajanan dalam perhitungan leq, umur dan masa kerja serta faktor penggangu berupa pemakaian alat pelindung diri serta kebiasaan dengan fungsi pendengaran pekerja. Dari survei tingkat bising ditemukan departemen PVC, CDM, CDS dan CDB mempunyai tingkat kebisingan diatas nilai ambang batas yang diperbolehkan. Hasil pemeriksaan audiometri ditemukan dua orang responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran satu orang berumur diatas 40 tahun, bekerja pada ruangan PVC dimana merupakan tingkat pajanan bising tertinggi di pabrik ini dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran lainnya merupakan pekerja yang berumur dibawah 40 tahun dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Dari hasil analisis statistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara Leq pajanan bising, faktor masa kerja, pemakaian alat pelindung diri dan kebiasaan merokok dengan gangguan pendengaran. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara umur dan gangguan pendengaran dengan OD ratio 7.99.

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Noise induced hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases are often found in manufacturing companies. Hazard that can cause hearing loss include noise, chemicals and vibration. The scope of this thesis research on the impact of noise exposure on hearing function of workers exposed to noise above 82 dBA. This type of research is a cross-sectional study examining the relationship be an independent factor in the noise dose exposure (leq), age and working period and disturbance factors such as the use of personal protective equipment, smoking with hearing function. From the survey found noise levels PVC department, CDM, CDS and CDB have noise levels above the permitted threshold value.

Audiometric examination found two participant who suffered from hearing loss. Respondents who suffered from hearing loss a person aged over 40 years, working on PVC indoor noise exposure level which is the highest in the plant and it has been working for more than 5 years. Other participant who suffered from hearing loss is under the age of 40 years and has been working for more than 5 years. From the analysis found no statistically significant relationship between Leq noise exposure, working period, the use of personal protective equipment and smoking with hearing loss. Found a significant relationship between age and hearing loss with OD ratio 7.99."

"Gangguan pendengaran sebagai penyakit akibat kerja yang paling sering terjadi di berbagai industri membutuhkan perhatian dari banyak pihak. Gangguan pendengaran yang dialami seseorang akan berpengaruh pada produktivitas kerja dan kualitas hidup pekerja tersebut, sehingga pengendalian bising sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan di semua industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan dan kesesuaian dari elemen program konservasi pendengaran yang dilakukan PT XYZ sesuai dengan peraturan dan rekomendasi yang ada, agar dapat diketahui hal-hal yang dapat diperbaiki untuk mewujudkan Program Konservasi Pendengaran yang efisien, efektif dan memadai. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen, dan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya ketidaksesuaian penerapan elemen Program Konservasi Pendengaran di PT XYZ dengan peraturan dan rekomendasi. Peneliti merekomendasikan bahwa perlu dibuat kebijakan khusus terkait dengan PKP, dan pelaksanaan pencatatan dan pelaporan yang lebih baik, serta pengawasan yang lebih pada pelaksanaan setiap elemen Program Konservasi Pendengaran.

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Hearing loss as the most common occupational disease in many industries requires attention from many parties. Hearing loss experienced by a person will affect the work productivity and quality of life of the worker, so noise control is very important to be implemented in all industries.

This study aims to determine the description of the implementation and suitability of the elements of hearing conservation program conducted by PT XYZ in accordance with existing regulations and recommendations, in order to know the things that can be improved to realize an efficient, effective and adequate Hearing Conservation Program. This research uses descriptive study design with qualitative approach. Data were obtained by in-depth interviews, observation and document review, and questionnaires.

The results of the study indicate that there is a mismatch of the implementation of Hearing Conservation Program elements in PT XYZ with the rules and recommendations. The researcher recommends that special policies relating to Hearing Conservation Program, better implementation of recording and reporting, and more oversight of the implementation of each element of the Hearing Conservation Program."

"Penyakit stroke merupakan penyebab kecacatan nomor satu dan penyebab kematian nomor tiga didunia. Pada saat ini stroke mulai menyerang kelompok usia dewasa muda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor risiko stroke (hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, dan merokok) terhadap kejadian stroke di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2013. Data penelitian menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien stroke yang menjalani rawat inap di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2013, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 211 pasien. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji chisquare dan analisis regresi logistik. Jenis stroke terbanyak yaitu stroke iskemik sebesar 64,9%. Perbedaan proporsi faktor risiko yang bermakna (p value < 0,05) terhadap kejadian stroke iskemik didapatkan pada variabel hipertensi (p value = 0,000). Hasil analisis multivariat, didapatkan hipertensi sebagai faktor risiko utama, responden dengan hipertensi stage 1 memiliki risiko 2,64 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami stroke iskemik dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak hipertensi (OR = 2,64; CI 95% = 1.073 ? 6,498). Tidak ada interaksi antara variabel independen dan umur didapatkan sebagai variabel konfounding.

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Stroke disease is the leading cause of disability and the third cause of death in the world. Nowadays, stroke has started attacking young adults. The aim of this study is to analysis the relation of the risk factors of stroke (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, and smoking) to stroke in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo 2013. The research data use medical record of 211 hospitalized patients of stroke. The data analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. The most incidence of stroke is ischemic stroke (64,9%). The proportional difference of risk factors to stroke which significant is hypertension variable. The result of multivariate analysis that the main risk factor of stroke is hypertension (p value = 0,000). Respondents with hypertension stage 1 has 2,64 times risk to get ischemic stroke. There is no interaction betwen independen variables and it has been found that age is a counfounding variable."