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"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang perubahan fungsi shemagh sebagai kain pelindung atau penutup kepala atau tubuh yang bermula dipakai oleh petani, suku Badui, dan rakyat desa di Palestina yang berpindah ke kota, dan menyebar ke kota-kota Palestina. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dan deskriptif yaitu penelitian yang menggambarkan, mencatat, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasikan data yang disajikan dalam bentuk teks naratif, kata-kata, ungkapan, pendapat, dan gagasan yang dikumpulkan oleh penulis dari beberapa sumber sesuai dengan teknik atau cara pengumpulan data. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik studi kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan cara membaca dan mempelajari sejumlah buku, literatur, jurnal ilmiah, laman internet dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan data yang menjadi landasan dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil analisis deskriptif diperoleh informasi mengenai perubahan fungsi shemagh dan bagaimana shemagh dapat tersebar di dunia Internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa shemagh digunakan sebagai simbol solidaritas perlawanan rakyat Palestina terhadap penjajah Inggris dan Zionisme. Pemimpin Palestina Yasser Arafat menggunakan shemagh sebagai pelindung kepala sehari-hari sebagai simbol atau ciri khas Palestina dan juga sebagai simbol solidaritas. Kemunculan Arafat dengan menggunakan shemagh dalam acara-acara penting yang diliput oleh media, mengundang banyak pertanyaan mengapa shemagh selalu digunakan. Berbagai negara dengan kondisi geografis yang berbeda mulai tertarik dengan penggunaan shemagh. Selain sebagai pelindung kepala, negara-negara bermusim dingin seperti Eropa, shemagh digunakan sebagai syal atau scarf. Shemagh di negara-negara Arab seperti Arab Saudi digunakan sebagai tanda kedewasaan seorang pria, acara-acara formal, atau sebagai tanda seseorang yang penting dalam kepemerintahan dengan egal sebagai mahkotanya. Kemudian shemagh menjadi terkenal di dunia Barat dan menjadikannya sebagai mode fesyen.;

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ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the changes of shemagh functions as a protector of the head and body that originated used by farmers, bedouin, and the Palestinian villagers. They moved into the cities, causes shemagh spread out. In the writing of this study, the author uses a qualitative research approach and descriptive research, which is a research that describes, records, analyzes, and interprets data presented in the form of narrative text, words, expressions, opinions and ideas collected by the author from several sources in accordance with techniques or method of data collection. At this phase the author uses literary research, phase by reading and studying a number of books, literature, scientific journals, the internet website and interview to get a theoretical framework which form the basis for this study. The results of the descriptive analysis obtained information about the changes of shemagh functions and how shemagh can spread internationally. The results show that shemagh used as a symbol of solidarity with the Palestinian people's resistance against the British and the Zionism. Palestinian leader, Yasser Arafat, used shemagh as protective headgear and he always wearing shemagh everyday as a symbol and characteristic of Palestine and also a symbol of solidarity of the Palestinian. The appearance of Arafat using shemagh in important events covered by the media, are open to question why shemagh always used. Various countries with different geographical conditions became interested in the use of shemagh. Besides as protective headgear, many people in the seasonal cold countries like Europe use shemagh as a scarf. In Arab countries like Saudi Arabia use it as a sign of maturity of a man, formal occasions, or as a sign of someone who is important in governance with egal as crown. Then, shemagh have been knowing in the Western and make it as a fashion.,

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ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the changes of shemagh functions as a protector of the head and body that originated used by farmers, bedouin, and the Palestinian villagers. They moved into the cities, causes shemagh spread out. In the writing of this study, the author uses a qualitative research approach and descriptive research, which is a research that describes, records, analyzes, and interprets data presented in the form of narrative text, words, expressions, opinions and ideas collected by the author from several sources in accordance with techniques or method of data collection. At this phase the author uses literary research, phase by reading and studying a number of books, literature, scientific journals, the internet website and interview to get a theoretical framework which form the basis for this study. The results of the descriptive analysis obtained information about the changes of shemagh functions and how shemagh can spread internationally. The results show that shemagh used as a symbol of solidarity with the Palestinian people's resistance against the British and the Zionism. Palestinian leader, Yasser Arafat, used shemagh as protective headgear and he always wearing shemagh everyday as a symbol and characteristic of Palestine and also a symbol of solidarity of the Palestinian. The appearance of Arafat using shemagh in important events covered by the media, are open to question why shemagh always used. Various countries with different geographical conditions became interested in the use of shemagh. Besides as protective headgear, many people in the seasonal cold countries like Europe use shemagh as a scarf. In Arab countries like Saudi Arabia use it as a sign of maturity of a man, formal occasions, or as a sign of someone who is important in governance with egal as crown. Then, shemagh have been knowing in the Western and make it as a fashion.]"

"DI SEBUAH pagi yang murung, Nadira Suwandi menemukan ibunya tewas bunuh diri. Kematian sang ibu, Kemala Yunus, seorang perempuan yang dikenal sangat ekspresif, berpikiran bebas, dan selalu bertarung mencari diri itu, sungguh mengejutkan.Tewasnya Kemala kemudian mempengaruhi kehidupan Nadira sebagai seorang anak (“Melukis Langit”); seorang w ..."

"Saat ini pandangan terhadap perpustakaan mulai berubah. Perpustakaan yang dulu hanya dianggap sebagai sebuah tempat penyimpanan dokumen, saat ini sudah berubah menjadi sebuah tempat yang memberikan berbagai macam fasilitas untuk pengunjungnya. Perubahan yang terjadi dalam perpustakaan tidak hanya meliputi tampilan fisik, namun juga pengaturan ruang dalam serta pelayanan terhadap masyarakat yang semakin beralih kepada user-oriented, bukan lagi building-oriented. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap perpustakaan yang sudah menerapkan perubahan tersebut. Penulisan ini berusaha menjabarkan perubahan pandangan akan perpustakaan dan sejauh mana perpustakaan tersebut memfasilitasi kebutuhan manusia dalam berkegiatan, terutama di Indonesia.

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These days, there's a big change in how people see a library. If in the past we only know the function of library is to keep important document and books, now it has changed into a multi function place that have many facilities for the costumer. The changed not only for the appearance, but also the interior order and service for the community, that move into user-oriented, rather than building-oriented. We can see these changes with the by looking on the library that has apply the changes. This writing is trying to explain the changes of library and how far the library facilitated human activity, especially in Indonesia."

"Perubahan iklim merupakan permasalahan besar manusia saat ini. Dampak dari perubahan iklim dapat melanggar hak asasi manusia. Mengutip beberapa penelitian mengenai Carbon Majors, ditemukan bahwa emisi yang utamanya berasal dari industri bahan bakar fosil merupakan salah satu pihak yang berkontribusi besar terhadap perubahan iklim melalui gas rumah kacanya. Hal tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah korporasi yang berkontribusi menyebabkan dampak perubahan iklim dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban atau tidak. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji dan menganalisis bagaimana perubahan iklim berdampak pada hak asasi manusia, bagaimana kewajiban hak asasi manusia oleh korporasi terkait dampak perubahan iklim serta bagaimana pertanggungjawaban korporasi melalui mekanisme litigasi perubahan iklim berbasis hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis-normatif dan analisis kualitatif terhadap berbagai jenis data. Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data sekunder mulai dari peraturan, putusan pengadilan, jurnal ataupun buku. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perubahan iklim memang berdampak pada hak asasi manusia dan bahwa korporasi memiliki kewajiban hak asasi manusia dan dapat dimintakan tanggung jawab atas kontribusinya terhadap perubahan iklim. Terdapat dua jalur yang dapat digunakan untuk meminta pertanggungjawaban korporasi dengan menggunakan argumen hak asasi manusia atas dampak perubahan iklim, yaitu melalui gugatan pelanggaran hak dan gugatan perdata perbuatan melawan hukum. Alangkah baiknya apabila Pemerintah membuat peraturan yang mengikat yang mengatur mengenai kewajiban korporasi terkait hak asasi manusia dan perubahan iklim. Hal ini diperlukan agar setiap tindakan melakukan pencegahan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia perubahan iklim melalui aktivitasnya.

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Climate change is a major problem for mankind right now. The impact of climate change can violate many human rights. Citing several studies on Carbon Majors, it was found that emissions mainly from the fossil fuel industry are one of the major contributors to climate change through their greenhouse gases. This raises the question of whether corporations that contribute to climate change impacts can be held accountable or not. This research will examine and analyze how climate change impacts on human rights, how the obligations of human rights by corporations are related to the impacts of climate change as well as how the corporation is accountable through human rights-based climate change litigation mechanisms. This research is a juridical-normative research and qualitative analysis of various types of data. This research used secondary data ranging from regulations, court decisions, journals or books. The results of this study find that climate change does have an impact on human rights and that corporations have human rights obligations and can be held accountable for their contribution to climate change. There are two ways that can be used to hold corporations accountable, those are, using human rights arguments for the impacts of climate change through lawsuits for violation of rights and civil lawsuits for unlawful acts. It would be better if the Government made binding regulations governing corporate obligations related to human rights and climate change. This is necessary so that every action takes to prevent climate change human rights violations through their activities."

"Tesis ini membahas kelayakan hukum Karbon (CO2) menjadi objek perdagangan karbon dalam skema mitigasi perubahan iklim dalam kacamata hukum dan etika lingkungan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yang bersifat analitis dengan pendekatan normatif. Penelitian ini kemudian menemukan bahwa secara normatif Karbon (CO2) dapat menjadi benda karena Undang-Undang dan menjadi objek perdagangan karbon, namun mengandung sejumlah pertanyaan dalam pendekatan secara etika lingkungan karena merupakan benda milik bersama serta tetap menggunakan pendekatan Antroposentris dalam memposisikan alam diikuti sejumlah masalah teknis kehutanan dan perdagangan.

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This thesis discusses about the legal feasibility of carbon (CO2) become an object to carbon offset in climate change mitigation scheme in legal perspective and environmental ethic. This research is conducted in legal normative methode with analytical aproach. By this research, I found Carbon (CO2) could be defined as a goods, hence it could become an object of carbon offset. However, in perspective of environment ethics there are questions regarding how we see carbon as common property and remain use Anthropocentric approach to observe nature besides other number of technical problems such forestry and trade."

"Pada 3 September 2016, melalui executive agreement, Obama secara resmi meratifikasi Paris Agreement di tingkat domestik AS. Dalam beragam dokumen, retorika, dan analisis lembaga penelitian, hingga pejabat publik AS, keanggotaan Paris Agreement didasarkan pada tiga kepentingan; (1) tingginya kontribusi emisi global AS; (2) utilisasi mekanisme institusi bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi; dan (3) proaktivitas hegemon dalam menyediakan barang publik internasional sebagai stimulus stabilitas tatanan. Namun demikian, pada Juni 2017, Donald Trump memutuskan untuk menarik AS dari Paris Agreement, memutarbalikkan pendekatan aktif-pasif AS dalam isu diplomasi kebijakan iklim internasional. Maka dari itu, skripsi ini hadir untuk mempertanyakan mengapa AS (Trump) menarik diri dari Paris Agreement. Dengan menggunakan metode penelusuran proses kausal, penulis membangun kerangka analisis perubahan kebijakan luar negeri. Adapun alasan keputusan penarikan diri, yakni; perubahan posisi relatif internasional (distribusi kekuatan, dan stabilitas tatanan) AS yang mendorong pembaharuan pendekatan/strategi besar kebijakan luar negeri AS secara menyeluruh; kritik, dan advokasi sektor bisnis yang terdampak oleh regulasi lingkungan komplementer keanggotaan AS dalam Paris Agreement; minimnya tingkat institusionalisasi Paris Agreement di AS (minim check and balance bagi executive agreement); dan solusi figur perumus kebijakan anti-globalis terhadap perubahan (Trump), untuk mengurangi komitmen internasional AS.

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On September 3, 2016, through an executive agreement, Obama officially ratified the Paris Agreement at the domestic level in the United States. Across diverse documents, rhetoric, and analyses from research institutions to U.S. public officials, the membership in the Paris Agreement was predicated upon three interests: (1) the high contribution of U.S. global emissions; (2) the utilization of institutional mechanisms for economic growth; and (3) the proactive role of the hegemon in providing international public goods as a stimulus for the stability of the order. Nevertheless, in June 2017, Donald Trump decided to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement, thereby reversing the active-passive approach of the U.S. in international climate policy diplomacy. Consequently, this thesis aims to inquire into why the U.S. (under Trump) withdrew from the Paris Agreement. Employing a method of causal process tracing, the author constructs an analytical framework for foreign policy change. The reasons for the withdrawal decision include changes in the relative international position (distribution of power and stability of the order) of the U.S., prompting a comprehensive renewal of the overall approach/strategy to U.S. foreign policy; critiques and advocacy from business sectors affected by complementary environmental regulations in the Paris Agreement; the limited institutionalization of the Paris Agreement in the U.S. (lacking checks and balances for executive agreements); and the anti-globalist policy maker's response to change (Trump), aiming to reduce U.S. international commitments."