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"Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pandangan dan sikap Partai Buruh Australia yang dipimpin oleh Perdana Menteri Gough Whitlam terhadap dekolonisasi Timor Timur pasca Revolusi Bunga di Portugal tahun 1974. Kebijakan Whitlam terhadap Timor Timur adalah integrasi dengan Indonesia yang menekankan self-determination kepada rakyat Timor Timur untuk menentukan masa depan mereka. Namun, kebijakan Whitlam terhadap Timor Timur tersebut menuai pro dan kontra di Australia, terutama dari Partai Oposisi Liberal-Country dan bahkan dari Partai Buruh sendiri. Terdapat perbedaan pandangan, baik oleh Partai Oposisi Liberal-Country maupun Partai Buruh, terkait persoalan integrasi Timor Timur dengan Indonesia. Tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui politik luar negeri Australia mengenai integrasi Timor Timur dengan Indonesia yang menuai kecaman di dalam negeri Australia karena keberadaan Indonesia di Timor Timur sebelum proses integrasi dilaksanakan.

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This research are focused on the Australian Labor Party‟s view and attitude toward East Timor decolonization after Portugal‟s Carnation Revolution in the 1974, during the leadership of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. Whitlam‟s policy toward East Timor integration with Indonesia was meant to emphasize the idea of selfdetermination, so that the Timorese could decide their precise future. His policy toward East Timor, however, got pros and cons in Australia, especially from the Liberal-Country Party opposition, and even within Australian Labor Party itself. There were several different views between the Liberal-Country Party opposition and the Australian Labor Party. The purpose of this research are to figure Australian Foreign Policy regarding East Timor integration with Indonesia, which receive critiques from Australians due to Indonesia presence in the East Timor before the integration."

"Focus of this thesis is the policy of Labour Party Closing the Gap as a form of strengthening the existence of the Aborigines in Australia. The impact of discrimination received by Aboriginal people since the first cause of life perceived gap Aborigines, especially in Northern Territory. Aboriginal-related issues is an issue that became a national agenda and very important in the political life in Australia. The public policy theory by William Dunn applied in this thesis to analize what consist beyond the definition of public policy in Closing the Gap. The invention from this thesis are the implementation of the policy of Labour Party Closing the Gap has a share in an effort to reduce the gap experienced by Aboriginal people living mainly in the reign of Kevin Rudd (2008-2010) in the Northern Territory. Australian Labor Party (ALP) as a major party not only emphasized their program in Aborigines issue as an election program for the Closing the Gap commencement in parliament but also affirm issue to become national agenda."

"Climate change merupakan isu yang sangat relevan dan mempolarisasi di Australia. Kebijakan pengurangan produksi emisi oleh perusahaan polutan di Australia, pun menjadi salah satu isu yang memecah-belah masyarakat dan parlemen. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penyebab pergeseran kebijakan Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) oleh Australian Labor Party menjadi kebijakan Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) oleh the Coalition di Australia pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep political exchange oleh Bruno Dente yang menggambarkan hubungan saling menguntungkan antara the Coalition (terdiri dari Partai Liberal dan Partai Nasional), terutama Partai Liberal, dengan kelompok pebisnis. Selain itu, teori policy regimes dan policy regime change oleh Carter A. Wilson juga digunakan untuk melihat hadirnya kelompok kepentingan dan tahapan dalam pergeseran kebijakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari studi literatur dan dari website institusi Australia yaitu Hansard. Berdasarkan temuan, political exchange antara the Coalition dan kelompok bisnis mendorong terciptanya keadaan dimana stressor/enablers, legitimacy crisis, dan power shifts terjadi. Dengan itu, the Coalition sebagai oposisi, melemahkan rezim kebijakan ETS oleh Australian Labor Party (ALP) sebagai pemerintah. The Coalition memiliki sumber daya, dan akan mengeksploitasi stresor melalui media yang dapat menciptakan momentum politik untuk mereka memenangkan pemilu. Setelah mereka memenangkan pemilu, terjadilah pergeseran kebijakan ETS oleh ALP menjadi ERF oleh the Coalition yang lolos melewati kedua majelis, House of Representatives dan Senat, dan disahkan oleh Governor General pada 27 November 2014.

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Climate change is a highly relevant and polarizing issue in Australia. The policy of reducing emissions production by pollutant companies in Australia, has become one of the issues that divide society and parliament. This study discusses the causes of the shifting of the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) policy by the Australian Labor Party to the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) by the Coalition in Australia in 2014. This study used the political exchange concept by Bruno Dente which describes a mutually beneficial relationship between the Coalition (consisting of the Liberal Party and National Party), especially the Liberal Party, with business groups. In addition, Carter A. Wilson's theory of policy regimes and policy regime change was also used to see the presence of interest groups and stages in policy shifts.

This study used a qualitative approach by collecting data from literature studies and from the Australian institution's website, Hansard. Based on the findings, political exchange between the Coalition and business groups encourages the creation of conditions where stressors / enablers, legitimacy crisis, and power shifts occur. With that, the Coalition as the opposition weakens the ETS policy regime by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) as the government. The Coalition has resources, and will exploit stressors through the media which can create political momentum for them to win elections. After they won the election, there was an ETS policy shift by ALP to become an ERF by the Coalition which passed through both houses, the House of Representatives and Senate, and was approved by Governor General on November 27, 2014."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini meneliti proses legislasi dari Australia Act 1986 cth. No. 142 of 1985 yang dibahas dan disahkan pada tahun 1985 di masa pemerintahan partai buruh pimpinan Perdana Menteri Robert Hawke. Penelitian ini menjabarkan secara kualitatif proses legislasi yang terjadi di parlemen Commonwealth di tahun 1985 dengan mengacu kepada kerangka konsep republikanisme dan kerangka teori sistem Washminster di Australia. Ditemukan bahwa peranan pemerintahan partai buruh pimpinan Perdana Menteri Robert Hawke ini dapat dikategorikan dalam dua hal, yaitu peranan prosedural dan peranan substansial. Peranan prosedural ini menggambarkan sistem politik Australia yang mendukung adanya dominasi eksekutif dalam melancarkan sebuah proses legislasi. Peranan substansial ini menggambarkan situasi republikanisme yang terkait dengan tradisi aliran republikanisme yang memiliki kekhasan tersendiri di Australia.

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ABSTRACTThis undergraduate thesis examines the legislation process of Australia Act 1986 cth. No. 142 of 1985 which was addressed and was ratified at 1985 under the leadership of Prime Minister Robert Hawke rsquo s Labor government. This research will qualitatively examine the legislation process that took place at the Commonwealth Parliament in 1985 by utilizing the conceptual framework of republicanism and theoretical framework of Washminster system in Australia. It is found that role of Hawke labor government can be classified onto two different categories procedural role and substantial role. For the procedural role, it describes Australian political system that encourages executive dominance in particularly of performing legislation business. For the substantial role, it narrates the Australian republican situation that forms its links with the distinctively Australian republicanism."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai strategi Australian Labor Party (ALP) mendorong peningkatan representasi perempuan di parlemen Australia tahun 2016 melalui kuota gender sebagai “fast track” dan didukung oleh NLWN bersama EMILY’s List sebagai “incremental track” yang diterapkan oleh ALP untuk yang memperjuangkan keterwakilan perempuan ALP di Parlemen Australia. Ketimpangan gender dalam politik di Australia mendorong pemerintah Australia mengesahkan kebijakan tindakan afirmatif untuk kelompok minoritas termasuk di dalamnya perempuan. Di sisi lain, keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen diserahkan kepada partai politik. Namun, partai politik sering kali tidak cukup mampu untuk menerapkan kebijakan kuota gender 30 persen secara murni tanpa adanya agenda politik di dalamnya. Berangkat dari hal tersebut, ALP hadir sebagai salah satu partai politik terbesar di Australia berperan aktif dalam mengimplementasikan tindakan afirmatif melalui kuota gender dan NLWN. Untuk memahami topik ini, penulis menggunakan teori Perempuan, Kuota, dan Politik yang dipopulerkan oleh Drude Dahlerup dalam memahami aspek yang dapat diwujudkan partai politik untuk mendorong keterwakilan perempuan di Australia. Skripsi ini menemukan ALP menggunakan dua model untuk mendorong keterwakilan perempuan di parlemen, yakni model fast track dalam bentuk kuota gender dan model incremental track dalam bentuk pelatihan, mentoring, dan bantuan keuangan yang dilakukan oleh NLWN dan EMILY’s List.

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This thesis discusses the efforts of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) to encourage increased representation of women in the Australian Parliament in 2016 through a gender quota as a “fast track” and supported by NLWN together with EMILY's List as an “incremental track” implemented by ALP for those who fight for ALP women's representation in the Australian Parliament. Gender inequality in politics in Australia prompted the Australian government to adopt an affirmative action policy for minority groups including women. Meanwhile, specifically, the affairs of women's representation in parliament are left to political parties. However, political parties are often not capable enough to implement a 30 percent gender quota policy purely without a political agenda in it. Departing from this, ALP is present as one of the largest political parties in Australia, plays an active role in implementing affirmative action through gender quotas and NLWN. To understand this topic, the author also uses the Women, Quota, and Politics theory popularized by Drude Dahlerup in understanding aspects that can be realized by political parties to encourage women's representation in Australia. This thesis found that ALP uses two models to encourage women’s representations in parliament, namely the fast track model in the form of a gender quota and the incremental track form of training, mentoring, and financial assistance conducted by NLWN and EMILY’s List."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai konflik yang terjadi didalam tubuh Partai Buruh Australia. Fokus utama dalam penelitian ini adalah konflik internal elit Partai Buruh Australia antara Kevin Rudd dengan Julia Gillard. Konflik yang melibatkan elit Partai Buruh Australia ini berakibat timbulnya perpecahan didalam partai. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori partai dan ideologi dari Allan Ware yang menjadi dasar untuk menganalisis adanya perbedaan pandangan dari kedua orang yang terlibat konflik. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan teori elit dari Monte Palmer dan William R. Thomson untuk melihat siapa saja yang menjadi elit dalam Partai Buruh Australia. Metode yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan konflik ini adalah kualitatif. Temuan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah konflik ini melibatkan adanya faksi yang ada didalam Partai Buruh Australia dan adanya perubahan kepemimpinan dalam menghadapi pemilihan umum Australia tahun 2013.

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This thesis discusses the conflict in Australian Labor Party. The main focus in this thesis is an internal conflict between Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard as the elite of the Australian Labor Party. The partys and ideology of Allan Ware applied in this thesis to analize a difference view of the people involved in the conflict. This thesis also uses the theory of elite Monte Palmer and William R. Thomson to see who are the elite of the Australian Labor Party. This thesis used qualitative research method. The invention of this thesis is the conflict involved in the presence of the faction and change of leadership to face of Australian general election 2013."

"Despite its much-touted agenda to fight poverty and corruption, the Aquino administration was not able to produce good results during its term at the national level. However, some political forces and policy reforms that emerged with the administration achieved remarkable change at the local level. This paper explores the case of Siquijor Province, where an entrenched political dynasty was defeated in the 2013 and 2016 elections by candidates supported by the Liberal Party and its allied forces, Akbayan, and analyzes factors that brought this change by focusing on activities of People Power Volunteers for Reform, the impact of bottom-up budgeting projects, and the mobilization of powers of the national government through personal relationships. It also notes achievements of the Aquino administration at the local level, provides a critical perspective to the elite democracy discourse that sticks to a static view of Philippine politics, and clarifies local practices by progressive forces that confront oligarchy."