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"Heavy metals in suspended sediments (SS) were investigated in the lower Chao Phraya River,Thailand, and Main particulate metals. The particulate fractions accounted mostly for 60-100% of total concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in both dry and rainy seasons. The comparison of metal contents of the sampled SS and upper continental crust (UCC) implied some anthropogenic inputs of Cr, Ni,Cu, and Zn as well as the dilution process for those metals in the rainy season in Chao Phraya River. Enrichment factor in both rivers also indicated anthropogenic effects on metal content in SS,reflecting the distinctive seasonal process in Chao Phraya River and the spatial variation withinMaxil."

"Soil loss and its transport processes were coupled with an existing distributed hydrological modelto assess the effects of land use change on stream flow and suspended sediment load in the ChaoPhraya River basin, Thailand. The simulation period spanned from 2001 to 2010. The resultsindicate that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of upper sub-basins fluctuated in the range 0.51- 0.72,indicating the applicability of the model for longterm simulation at the monthly scale. Land usechange during 200l-2010 caused a 1.6% increase in suspended sediment load based on the presenttrend. The changes were particularly pronounced in the Wang River basin, where the delivery ratiowas highest. Moreover, the urbanization and conversion of farm land from paddy fields exertednegative effects on sediment runoff in Chao Phraya River basin. The proposed model has theability to quantitatively evaluate the heterogeneity of sediment runoff in the basin, demonstratingthe benefits and trade-offs of each land use change class. The results of this study can support basinand local land development policy to control sediment losses during development."

"Preceding monitoring reports indicated that di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a commonplasticizer, was found in the samples of suspended sediment and water collected from the lowerpart of Chao Phraya River. In this continuing study, the suspended sediment and water samplesfrom the Chao Phraya Delta were collected twice a year in January and July during January 201 1 -July 2013. The analyses were performed for both DEHP and Diethyl Phthalate (DEP). Overallresults showed that concentrations of both DEHP and DEP in the water samples were relativelyhigher than those in the suspended sediment samples. The concentrations of DEHP and DEP fromall sampling periods in the water samples ranged from 1.58 - 27.55 pg/L and from 0.64 - 2.59ug/L, respectively, whereas the concentrations of DEHP and DEP from all sampling periods in thesuspended sediment samples ranged from 0.01 - 26.82 mg/g and from 0.01 - 1.93 mg/g,respectively. The concentrations of both DEHP and DEP in both suspended sediment and watersamples were relatively higher in the samples collected during lower discharge period of the ChaoPhraya River in July. The results indicated that sediment transport system could play an importantrole in the dispersion of both DEHP and DEP. The ecological risk assessment indicated that for thecurrent level of contaminations the risk did not exceed the acceptable level."

"Logam Berat merupakan jenis pencemar di perairan yang berkaitan erat dengan Total Padatan Tersuspensi (TSS). Eratnya hubungan dari kedua parameter tersebut dapat menjadi potensi dalam menilai secara tidak langsung logam berat di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara TSS dan berat Nikel (Ni) dan Tembaga (Cu) yang terikat didalamnya, kemudian distribusi TSS di perairan diestimasi menggunakan teknik penginderaan jauh untuk menggambarkan secara tidak langsung distribusi kedua logam berat tersebut, dan mengetahui pengaruh dari parameter perairan terhadap distribusi kandungan TSS dan logam berat. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan pada 31 Maret – 1 April 2023 di 36 titik sampling yang telah ditentukan. Sampel air dianalisis kandungan TSS-nya menggunakan metode gravimetri serta kandungan logam berat Ni dan Cu yang terikat dalam TSS tersebut dianalisis menggunakan metode Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Parameter perairan yang mencakup kedalaman, arus, gelombang, pasang surut, suhu, pH dan salinitas diukur dan dianalisis untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan dan pola sebaran TSS maupun logam berat di perairan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan TSS berkisar antara 6 hingga 45 mg/l, dimana kandungan tertinggi ditemukan di sekitar daerah pertambangan di Desa Tapuemea dan muara Sungai Lasolo. Kandungan logam berat Ni dan Cu masing masing berkisar antara 0,03 – 0,1 mg/kg dan 0,006 – 0,5 mg/kg. Secara spasial, kedua logam tersebut sama-sama ditemukan tertinggi pada perairan yang jauh dari area pertambangan yaitu di pesisir Kelurahan Molawe. Pola sebaran spasial parameter TSS dan logam berat yang tidak menunjukkan korelasi mengindikasikan bahwa sebaran TSS tidak dapat menggambarkan secara tidak langsung langsung pola sebaran logam berat di Teluk Lasolo. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik, distribusi TSS dipengaruhi oleh pH air, logam berat Ni dipengaruhi oleh arus dan Cu tidak dipengaruhi oleh seluruh parameter. Hasil pemodelan spasial menunjukkan dugaan bahwa gelombang dan pasang surut memiliki pengaruh dalam distribusi TSS dan logam berat.

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Heavy metals are a type of pollutant in water closely related to Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The close relationship between these two parameters can be a potential indirect assessment of heavy metals in water. This research aims to determine the relationship between TSS and the weight of Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) bound within it. Additionally, the distribution of TSS in water is estimated using remote sensing techniques to indirectly depict the distribution of these heavy metals. The study also aims to identify the influence of water parameters on the distribution of TSS and heavy metals. The research began with sampling on 31 March – 1 April 2023, at 36 predetermined sampling points. Water samples were analyzed for TSS content using gravimetric methods, and the content of Ni and Cu bound in TSS was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Water parameters, including depth, current, waves, tides, temperature, pH, and salinity, were measured and analyzed to determine their influence on the content and distribution patterns of TSS and heavy metals in water. The results showed that TSS content ranged from 6 to 45 mg/l, with the highest content found around mining areas such as jetty in Tapuemea Village and the mouth of the Lasolo River. The content of heavy metals Ni and Cu ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 mg/kg and 0.006 to 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Spatially, both metals were found highest in waters far from mining areas, specifically in the coastal area of Molawe Village. The spatial distribution pattern of TSS and heavy metals, which did not show correlation, indicates that the TSS distribution cannot directly depict the spatial distribution pattern of heavy metals in Teluk Lasolo. Based on statistical analysis, TSS distribution is influenced by water pH, Ni is influenced by currents, and Cu is not influenced by any parameter. Spatial modeling results suggest that waves and tides have an impact on the distribution of TSS and heavy metals."

"Penelitian suspensi di kolom air dan sedimen dasar di perairan Panimbang telah dilaksanakan bulan Juni 2004 yang mewakili musim Timur. Sebaran suspensi permukaan dan dasar di sekitar perairan Muara Sungai Ciliman lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perairan sekitar Muara Sungai Cibungur. Endapan sedimen dasar umumnya lumpur dan lanau lumpuran yang menutupi dasar perairan sebelah Barat pantai Panimbang. Sedangkan kerikil, pasir lanauan dan pasir lumpuran yang berisikan foram, pecahan cangkang moluska dan koral menutupi dasar perairan sebelah Barat Daya dari lokasi penelitian. Di lokasi ini banyak di temukan bagan-bagan apung dan diasumsikan sebagai lokasi yang banyak kumpulan ikan.

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Total Suspended Solid Content And Sediment On The Bottom Surface Of Panimbang Water. The study of dynamics oceanography have been executed on June 2004 in the East season. Distribution of total suspended solid on the surface and bottom waters at the Estuary of Ciliman River is lower than Estuary of Cibungur River. Generally mud and silty mud of sediment on the bottom surface waters covered the western part of Panimbang beach. Gravel, silty sand and muddy sand with forams, fraction of mollust and corals found at the Southwest of the study area. In that area is also found many floating of Bagan Apung which is assumed as rich with fishes."

"Skripsi ini membahas pola sebaran TPT pada musim berbeda dengan menggunakan data citra Landsat 7 ETM+ akuisisi tanggal 8 September 2001 dan 22 Mei 2002 dengan menerapkan formula TPT dan kecerahan dari Lemigas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai konsentrasi TPT pada musim yang berbeda. Pada bulan September 2001 nilai konsentrasinya adalah <200 mg/l sedangkan nilai konsentrasi pada bulan Mei 2002 adalah 200 mg/l. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh adalah arah arus dari perairan itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian yang diperkuat dengan uji statistik Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara jarak dari muara sungai dengan nilai konsentrasi TPT. Semakin jauh dari muara sungai maka akan semakin berkurang nilai konsentrasi TPTnya.

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This paper is about the distribution pattern of TSS in seasonal time using Citra Landsat 7 ETM+ acquisition on September, 8th 2001 and May, 22th 2002 applied the formula of TPT and Brightness from Lemigas. The result showed that there is a difference value of TPT in different time. On September 2001, the value of TSS is < 200 mg/l and the value of TSS on May 2002 is 200 mg/l. One of the factor that influence the difference is the vector of current. This research is also strengthen by statistic test of Pearson Product Moment and indicate that there is a relationship between the distance from estuary and the value of TSS. The value of TSS is decreased as long as the farther distance from the estuary."

"ABSTRAKTSS Total Suspended Solid merupakan material padatan dalam perairan yang tersuspensi berupa zat organik maupun anorganik yang jika keberadaannya banyak di perairan terutama di estuari dapat mengganggu ekosistem perairan di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra SPOT-4 tahun 2007 dan 2011, serta SPOT-6 tahun 2016 untuk mengidentifikasi konsentrasi TSS dengan menerapkan formula algoritma TSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola spasial nilai konsentrasi TSS di Estuari Ci Mandiri pada tahun 2007, 2011 dan 2016. Faktor arus, pasang surut, debit, dan tutupan lahan mempengaruhi kondisi TSS di Estuari Ci Mandiri. Faktor oseanografi dan debit yang memiliki besaran terbesar mempengaruhi arah pola TSS, sedangkan faktor tutupan lahan mempengaruhi nilai konsentrasi dan juga pola TSS di estuari.

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ABSTRACTTotal Suspended Solid TSS is solid materal in the water which suspended as organic or anorganic substance. If the amount of TSS the estuaries to a lot, it can disrupt the aquatic ecosystem. This research used SPOT 4 Image for 2007 and 2011, also SPOT 6 for 2016 to identify the concentration of TSS through TSS algorithm. The result of this research showed there are the different pattern of concentration values of TSS at 2007, 2011 and 2016. Ocean currents, tidal, rate of flow and landcover affected the condition of TSS at Ci Mandiri Estuaries. The majority value of oceanography rsquo s factors and rate of flow affected the direction of TSS pattern, meanwhile landcover affected the concentration values and also TSS pattern at the estuaries."

"In 2011, massive flooding and inundation in the Chao Phraya River basin, in Thailand, causedserious damage to various activities for a prolonged period of time. Although snapshot images ofthe inundated area are available, detailed information including temporal changes of the inundatedareas and the relationship with meteorological and hydrological conditions are not welldocumented, particularly for the middle and upper sections of the basin. Therefore, we conductedan analysis using two types of satellite data, HJ-1A and Envisat, to better understand behavior ofthe large-scale inundation occurred in 2011, focusing on the middle section of the Chao PhrayaRiver basin. In the analysis, water surface in selected domains was extracted using the NDWI valuecalculated from HJ-1A data. The threshold value of the Envisat ASAR image was then adjusted sothat the inundated area estimated from Envisat gives the closest possible match with that estimatedfrom HJ-1A. Finally, the inundated area was estimated for the whole study domain based on thesame threshold value from the Envisat data. Results indicated that the inundated area began toextend along the Yom and Nan rivers in early August and continued to spread down to the NakhonSawan city area until October. A significant increase in inundated areas occurred between Sep. 2and Sep. l3, during which higher rainfall intensity was observed. Even after the water level inrivers receded below the bank-full elevation, large areas were left inundated along rivers,particularly over lowlying marsh and paddy fields. In addition, several areas located far fromrivers were also inundated, which was likely a consequence of water ponding in paddy fields."