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"The aim of this paper is to describe the spread of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and domestic investment according to its location, sector; and labour absorption. Analysis is based on secondary data published by Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM). There are three main findings in this study: First, this study found that in the period 2002-2008, the largest past of FDI and domestic investment concentrated Java and Sumatra Island. Meanwhile, the provinces in the east of Indonesia received a small part of either FDI or domestic investment. This uneven investment concentration occurred because in the eye of investors, Java and Sumatra is more attractive than other Island in Indonesia in term of better infrastructure, wider potential market and higher quality of human resources. Second, the majority of foreign and domestic investor selected secondary sector (manufacturing) for their investment. Interestingly, there was a trend that those investments shifted from secondary sector to tertiary sector. Third, labour absorption both FDI and domestic investment, particularly invested in the secondary sector tend to increase. However, there is a tendency that investment in secondary and tertiary sectors moved to less labour intensive industries."

"Development of multinational corporation and foreign capital investment in Indonesia"

"Tesis ini membahas hubnmgan antara investasi sektor properti dan non properti terhadap PDB. Penelitian ini juga untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi PDB dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang, Metodologi yang diperguuakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Granger Causality, selain itu juga digunakan metode Vektor Koreksi Kesalahan (VECM). Bcrdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa investasi sektor properti mempengaruhi PDB dan investasi selctor non properti tidak mempengamhi PDB. Hasil regresi VECM menunjukkan adanya pengamh investasi sektor properti PMDN dan investasi sektor non propcni PMA terhadap PDB dalam jangka pendek, sedaugkan investasi sehor properti PMA dan PMDN, serta sektor non properti PMDN mempengaruhi PDB dalamjangka panjang.

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The focus of this study is to know relation between property sector and non property sector investment to GDP. This study is also to find out factor that influence GDP in short run and long nm. The methodology method that is being used in this research are Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Based on the research result which has done before, this could be into conclusion that property sector investment influence GDP and non property sector investment not intluence GDP. VECM regression show property sector investment PMDN and non property sector investment PMA influence GDP in short run, whereas property sector investment PMA and PMDN, and also non property sector investment PMDN influence GDP in long nm."

"The existence of construction sector in the structure of the national economy can be seen by their role in producing physical output that supports the smoothness of the economic activities. The development of the construction sector depends on the availability of the fund and project development provided by the government. Therefore, the involvement of private sector on construction sector must be increased to support the limit of government budget. Nevertheless, the increase of foreign construction companies in Indonesia raises the concern of the emergence of their domination in national construction sector. This article aims to analyze the role of the construction sector in the national economy and to explain the domination of the foreign investors in Indonesia's construction sector. This article suggests that the involvement of foreign private enterprise must be followed by an increase on the competitiveness of domestic enterprise in the construction sector. Furthermore, the increase of financial capacity, company's capacity, technological command, and quality of human resources are some indicators that need to be improved. On the other hand, fiscal stimulus is an alternative solution for increasing the activity of the construction sector especially for their benefit for creating more job opportunities. With the existence of the increase in local competitiveness, foreign domination in construction sector can be minimized and precisely open the opportunity for the involvement of the local contractors in large scale construction projects in Indonesia."

"Penulisan tesis ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya ketentuan perubahan status anak perusahaan PMDN tertutup akibat perubahan kepemilikan saham. Perubahan tersebut salah satunya disebabkan karena pengambilalihan saham sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal No.5 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pedoman Dan Tata Cara Perizinan Dan Non Perizinan Penanaman Modal. Namun, ketentuan tersebut akhirnya dicabut yang berdampak kepada ketidakpastian hukum dan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan bidang usaha yang terutup bagi modal asing. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan menjelaskan pengambilalihan saham terhadap perusahaan PMDN tertutup dan perubahan status perusahaan yang disebabkannya. Penulisan ini menggunakan tipologi penelitian normatif dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan wawancara. Akhir penulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan perubahan status terhadap anak perusahaan PMDN harus ditetapkan kembali.

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This thesis is written based on the provision regarding the amendment of status of subsidiaries domestic investment company due to the amendment of shares composition. One of The amendments is caused by the acquisition of shares as stipulated under The Regulation of Head of Investment Coordinating Board No.5/2013 regarding Guidance and Procedure of License and Non License of Investment. However, at the end, the stipulation was revoked which impacted to the legal uncertainty and violated the provisions of the business field which prohibited to foreign capital.

The study is conducted by explaining the shares acquisition toward the private domestic investment company and the alteration of the company status caused by it. This thesis uses normative research typology with bibliographical and interview research method. At the end of thesis is concludes that the regulation of alteration of status of subsidiaries the private domestic investment company must be re stipulated."

"Optimalisasi penerimaan negara dengan penerapan omnibus law perpajakan yaitu melalui peningkatan pendanaan investasi. Peningkatan pendanaan investasi yang dilakukan pemerintah berfokus pada reformasi kebijakan relaksasi pemangkasan tarif Pajak Penghasilan Badan dari 25% ke 22% di tahun 2021 dan 2022. Kebijakan ini diharapkan dapat menarik investor asing untuk menanamkan modalnya ke Indonesia. Penggerusan penerimaan yang diakibatkan kebijakan ini diseimbangkan dengan perluasan basis pajak salah satunya dengan kenaikan tarif PPN. Terdapat keterkaitan antara perpajakan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi karena potensi perpajakan terletak pada kegiatan ekonomi sehingga dibutuhkan analisis formulasi kebijakan dan kendala dalam formulasi kebijakan penurunan tarif Pajak Penghasilan Badan dalam meningkatkan penerimaan penanaman modal asing di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana formulasi kebijakan penurunan tarif pajak penghasilan badan dilihat dari tahapan perumusan masalah, agenda kebijakan, pemilihan alternatif kebijakan, dan penetapan kebijakan, dan menganalisis faktor penghambat dari formulasi kebijakan penurunan tarif Pajak Penghasilan Badan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses formulasi kebijakan penurunan tarif Pajak Penghasilan Badan sesuai dan memenuhi tahap-tahap formulasi kebijakan publik. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam formulasi kebijakan ini adalah keterbatasan koordinasi antar tim dan waktu penyusunan kebijakan yang singkat, mengetahui peraturan yang terkait dan memahami benchmarking negara lain, dan minimnya investor baru yang masuk ketika pandemi.

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Optimizing state revenue by implementing omnibus law, namely increasing investment income. Investments made by the government are focused on reforming the corporate income tax rate relaxation policy from 25% to 22% in 2021 and 2022. This policy is expected to attract foreign investors to invest in Indonesia. The erosion of revenue originating from this policy is balanced with tax expansion, one of which is an increase in VAT rates. There is a relationship between taxation and economic growth which lies in economic activity so that policy analysis and determination of income tax rates are needed in increasing foreign direct investment in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find out how the formulation of income tariff reduction policies is seen from the stages of problem formulation, policy agendas, alternative election policies, policy determination, and analysis of inhibiting factors for the Agency's tariff reduction policies. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection in the form of literature studies and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that the process of formulating a policy for reducing corporate income tax rates is in accordance with the stages of public policy. Constraints faced in the formulation of this policy are the limited coordination between teams and short policy formulation time, understanding benchmarking from other countries, and the lack of new investors entering Indonesia during pandemic."