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"What explains the failure of transitional justice and reconciliation measures in post-authoritarian Indonesia? One explanation is that domestic political elites have effectively stymied the efforts of civil society to implement global norms of transitional justice. However as Indonesia has embraced a democratic and decentralized system of government, even the most corrupt and entrenched elites cannot merely veto or reject calls for justice. Instead, opponents have used a variety of strategies including legislative, religious, and cultural strategies to undermine justice initiatives. Examining the recent experiences in Indonesia, this paper shows the effects that a limited transition has had on the justice agenda."

"The peace agreement for Aceh included standard post-conflict measures, such as a human rights court and a truth and reconciliation commission. Why were they neglected? If they were going to be neglected, why did the negotiators initially agree on them instead of choosing amnesty or nothing? I argue that their nature as preemptive policies is key to understanding why they were introduced but not implemented. Preemptive transitional justice policies are adopted when reluctant policymakers attempt to trump tougher options with more acceptable alternatives, such as the following preemption in reformasi Indonesia."

"Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengenai penyelesaian masalah pelanggaran HAM di Indonesia (2001-2005) dan Argentina (1983-2007) melalui KKR serta Pengadilan HAM pada masa transisi. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah perbandingan penerapan keadilan transisi antara Indonesia dan Argentina melalui KKR serta Pengadilan HAM. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi literatur dan wawancara dengan narasumber yang terkait. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori keadilan transisi untuk menjelaskan bahwa penyelesaian masalah HAM di masa lalu dapat dilaksanakan pada masa transisi demokrasi salah satunya melalui KKR dan Pengadilan HAM. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa demokrasi yang belum stabil di masa transisi di Indonesia dan Argentina mempengaruhi proses penyelesaian pelanggaran HAM masa lalu.

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This thesis focuses to settlement of violation of human rights in Indonesia (2001-2005) and Argentine (1983-2007) by commision of truth and reconciliation and human rights trial. The problem is comparison of transitional justice assembling between Indonesia and Argentine through commision of truth and reconciliation and human rights trial. The data was collected by study of literature and in-depth interview with the related informants.

This thesis uses transitional justice theory to explain that settlement past human rights violation could be excecute in transition of democracy that ones of its methods are commision of truth and reconciliation and human rights trial. This study concludes that unstable democracy in transition time either in Indonesia or Argentine affects to settlement of past human rights violation process."

"What role do transitional justice processes play in determining the gender outcomes of transitions from conflict and authoritarianism? What is the impact of transitional justice processes on the human rights of women in states emerging from political violence? Gender Politics in Transitional Justice argues that human rights outcomes for women are determined in the space between international law and local gender politics. The book draws on feminist political science to reveal the key gender dynamics that shape the strategies of local women's movements in their engagement with transitional justice, and the ultimate success of those strategies, termed 'the local fit'. Also drawing on feminist doctrinal scholarship in international law, 'the international frame' examines the role of international law in defining harms against women in transitional justice and in determining the 'from' and 'to' of transitions from conflict and authoritarianism. This book locates evolving state practice in gender and transitional justice over the past two decades within the context of the enhanced protection of women's human rights under international law."

"Illustrates the dilemma faced by the human rights community during peace negotiations, both in finding a place at the table and ensuring accountability for human rights violations. Those undertaking peace talks often argue that peace should come before justice. The many case studies in this book, from Sierra Leone to Colombia, not only confront this notion, but also challenge human rights advocates to recognize the difficulties in negotiating justice and protecting the rights of victims. the final chapter on the Colombian peace process in particular offers hope, showing the importance of including victims and civil society in these discussions."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini fokus bagaimana hukuman qisas dan diyat memberikan alternatif penyelesaian konflik yaitu pembalasan yang setimpal, pemaafan, dan keadilan restoratif. Dalam hukum pidana Islam terdapat suatu metode penyelesaian perkara kejahatan yaitu metode perdamaian shulh . Metode ini baik korban atau ahli waris diperbolehkan untuk mengadakan perdamaian dalam hal penggantian hukuman dengan membayar diyat. Keadilan restoratif merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam penghukuman yang melibatkan proses pengembalian kondisi sebelum terjadinya pelanggaran dengan melibatkan pelaku kejahatan, korban dan masyarakat. Model ini menitikberatkan pada adanya partisipasi langsung para pihak terkait serta masyarakat perihal proses mengakhiri konflik. Sejalan dengan upaya penyelesaian konflik yang mempromosikan perdamaian sebagai penyelesaian yang humanis. Pembalasan setimpal tentu bukan alternatif yang memenuhi kriteria tersebut, namun melalui pemaafan dan diyat terdapat kemungkinan perdamaian dapat terwujud kepada korban, pelaku juga masyarakat. Pemaafan adalah konsep yang memiliki implikasi filsafat, teologi dan psikologi. Hal ini sesuai dengan ciri khas bangsa Indonesia yaitu semangat musyawarah untuk setiap permasalahan pidana tujuannya bahwa hukum pidana merupakan obat terakhir ultimatum remedium obat terahir bukan sebagai premium remedium obat utama .

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ABSTRACTThis research focuses on how qisas and diyat has three alternative conflict resolutions. The alternatives are retaliation, forgiveness, and restorative justice. In the tradition of Islamic criminal law there is a method of settlement, namely method of peacemaking shulh . In the shulh both the victim or the family will be allowed to make peacemaking in terms of punishment, in return for a replacement is equal or greater than the blood money. Restorative justice is an approach model in a criminal case settlement effort. These approach focuses on the direct participation of perpetrators, victims and society in the process of resolving criminal case. In line with efforts to promote peacemaking conflict where resolution as peaceful and humane solution. Retaliation in kind is certainly not an alternative that meets the criteria but through forgiveness and blood money, peacemaking is possible can be realized between the victim, offender and community. Forgiveness is the concept have implications to philosophy, theology and psychology. This things appropriate with Indonesian characteristics that the spirit of deliberation for every crime case settlement with the aim that criminal law is not as a premium remedium but ultimatum remedium."

"Dalam konteks konflik atau pasca konflik, perempuan mengalami kekerasan berlapis: baik sehari-hari maupun struktural. Dua pendekatan utama yang biasa digunakan dalam studi dan program dalam kedua konteks tersebut adalah perdamaian dan keadilan transisional. Keduanya memberikan fokus pada kekerasan yang dialami perempuan, namun tidak cukup memberikan analisis dan solusi atas terjadinya ketidakadilan struktural yang dialami perempuan. Tulisan ini merupakan refleksi dari perjalanan panjang keterlibatan penulis dalam kedua pendekatan tersebut. Pertanyaan utama makalah ini adalah: bagaimana perdamaian dan keadilan transisional dapat memberikan solusi untuk mentransformasi ketidakadilan struktural yang dialami perempuan di wilayah konflik dan pasca konflik? Mulai dari mana?"