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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui preferensi pakan kupu-kupu terhadap beberapa jenis herba liar yaitu Tridax procumbens, Asystasia gangetica, Cyanthillium cinereum, dan Oxalis barrelieri yang ada di lahan terbuka Kampus Universitas Indonesia (UI) Depok. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui kupu-kupu juga memanfaatkan herba tersebut sebagai tumbuhan inang untuk peletakkan telurnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari?April 2016 di lima lokasi lahan terbuka Kampus UI Depok yaitu dekat gedung sabda widya, dekat pintu masuk hutan kota wales barat, belakang gedung PSJ, dekat area parkir motor gedung PPMT, dan dekat gedung DRPM. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat 11 jenis kupu-kupu dari famili Papilionidae (Papilio demoleus), Pieridae (Appias olferna, Delias hypareta, Eurema hecabe, Leptosia nina, Catopsilia pomona, Delias periboea) dan Nymphalidae (Junonia orithya, Hypolimnas bolina, Ypthima horsfieldii, dan Junonia almana) mengunjungi ke-empat jenis herba liar. Sebanyak 8 jenis kupu-kupu menyukai herba liar Tridax procumbens dan Asystasia gangetica. Lima jenis kupu-kupu menyukai Oxalis barrelieri dan 2 jenis menyukai Cyanthillium cinereum. Preferensi pakan kupu-kupu dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu struktur dan daya tarik bunga, ketersediaan tumbuhan di lokasi penelitian, dan sindroma bunga yang disukai oleh kupu-kupu. Tumbuhan pakan kupu-kupu dewasa berbeda dengan tumbuhan tempat kupu-kupu meletakkan telur.

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This study was conducted to determine the preferences of butterflies feed on some kind of wild herbs such as Tridax procumbens, Asystasia gangetica, Cyanthillium cinereum, and Oxalis barrelieri at the Universitas Indonesia (UI) Depok open land. Moreover, the study also conducted to determine whether the butterflies also use herbs as host plants for laying eggs. The experiment was conducted in February ? April 2016 in five locations open land UI Depok Campus. The locations are closed by Sabda Widya Building, near by the entrance of the Wales Barat Woods, behind the PSJ Building, parking area near by the PPMT Building, and near by the DRPM Building. The results revealed that there are 11 species of butterfly of the family Papilionidae (Appias olferna), Pieridae (Appias olferna, Delias hypareta, Eurema hecabe, Leptosia nina, Catopsilia pomona, Delias periboea), and Nymphalidae (Junonia orithya, Hypolimnas bolina, Ypthima horsfieldii, dan Junonia almana) visited all four kinds of wild herbs. Eight species of butterflies like Tridax procumbens andAsystasia gangetica. Five species of butterflies like Oxalis barrelieri and two species like Cyanthillium cinereum. Butterfly feeding preferences are influenced by the structure and appeal of the flower, plant availability in the study site, and the syndrome of flowers favored by butterflies. Plants that is adult butterfly?s feed preference is different from plants where butterflies lay its eggs."

"Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di dua lokasi berbeda yaitu cagar alam Rimbo Panti dan kawasan Wisata Lubuk Minturun Padang pada buan juni-juli 2003 dengan metode penelitian deksriptif Sampel diambil menggunakan jaring serangga di emapt area hutan, semak belukar, ladang dan aliran air. Analisis persamaan komunitas menunjukan 55% memiliki persamaan komunitas."

"COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia pada 2020 hingga 2022. Dari agen terapi yang direkomendasikan, nirmatrelvir dan ritonavir aktif bekerja langsung menargetkan virus. Kemudian berkembang berbagai peluang pengembangan obat yang menargetkan virus secara langsung, dan salah satu target yang menarik adalah papain-like protease (PLpro), yaitu proein yang berperan penting dalam replikasi virus. Beberapa bahan alam yang berpotensi diteliti aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap PLpro adalah bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea), daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.), dan jamblang (Syzygium cumini). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah memprediksi aktivitas penghambatan PLpro kandungan bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea), daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.), dan jamblang (Syzygium cumini) yang dilakukan dengan metode penambatan molekul (molecular docking) secara in silico, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji in vitro. Metode penambatan molekul divalidasi dengan metode redocking dan didapatkan nilai RMSD 0,728 Å yang berarti metode valid (RMSD<2,0 Å). Uji penambatan molekul ketiga tanaman tersebut menunjukkan hasil adanya kandungan senyawa yang berpotensi untuk menghambat aktivitas PLpro. Ligan dengan nilai afinitas ikatan ternegatif dari masing-masing tanaman adalah asam folat (jamblang) dengan nilai -8,3 kcal/mol; petunidin 3-glucoside (telang) dengan nilai -7,1 kcal/mol; dan (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (belimbing manis) dengan nilai -8,6 kcal/mol. Hasil uji in silico dikonfirmasi dengan uji in vitro yang dilakukan dengan fluorescence-based inhibitory assay menggunakan PLpro sebagai protein target, substrat Z-RLRGG-AMC, serta inhibitor kontrol GRL0617. Hasil uji in vitro mendapatkan nilai IC50 GRL0617 3,38 μM. Ekstrak herbal dengan persentase inhibisi terbaik adalah ekstrak tunggal jamblang dengan nilai 66,10%.

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COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus became the cause of the global pandemic from 2020 until 2022. Among currently recommended therapeutic agents, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir actively works by directly targeting the virus. This leads to various opportunities for developing drugs that acts directly on the structure of the virus. One interesting target for such drugs is the papain-like protease (PLpro) which is a protein that plays a significant role in viral replication. Several natural sources which has potential for their inhibitory activity against PLpro to be studied are butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Java plum (Syzygium cumini). This study aimed to predict the inhibitory activity against PLpro possessed by the chemical contents of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and Java plum (Syzygium cumini) through molecular docking and in vitro assay. Prediction of inhibitory activity against PLpro was done using molecular docking. The molecular docking method was validated using redocking method and RMSD score of 0.728 Å was received. This indicated that the docking method was valid (RMSD<2.0 Å). Molecular docking result showed that all three plants contain chemicals that have potential to inhibit PLpro activity. Ligands with the lowest binding affinity from each plant are folic acid (Java plum) with a score of -8.3 kcal/mol; petunidin 3-glucoside (butterfly pea) with -7.1 kcal/mol; and (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (star fruit) with -8.6 kcal/mol. Results from in silico study were then confirmed through in vitro assay using fluorescence-based inhibitory assay using PLpro as target protein, Z-RLRGG-ACM as the substrate and GRL0617 as the control inhibitor. IC50 concentration result of GRL0617 was 3,38 μM. Herbal extract with the best inhibition percentage was found to be Java plum with an inhibition percentage of 66.10%."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang makna verba kakeru sebagai homonimi di dalam buku cerita Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna-makna apa saja yang terkandung di dalam verba kakeru serta contohnya dalam teks bacaan di dalam buku cerita Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode, yaitu metode pengumpulan data berupa studi dokumen, dan metode analis data berupa penalaran deduktif dan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa verba kakeru memiliki beragam makna yang perbedaan maknanya dapat dianalisis dengan melihat kata yang menjadi objek sebelum verba kakeru.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses about the meaning of the verb kakeru as homonymy in the story book Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. The purpose of this study focuses on the meanings of what is contained in the verb kakeru and the examples in the reading text of the story book Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. This study uses two methods, namely the method of data collection in the form of a study document, and methods of data analysis in the form of deductive reasoning and methods of descriptive analysis. The results of this study is to indicate that the verb kakeru has a variety of meanings which differences can be analyzed by looking at the meaning of the word that is the object before the verb kakeru.;This study discusses about the meaning of the verb kakeru as homonymy in the story book Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. The purpose of this study focuses on the meanings of what is contained in the verb kakeru and the examples in the reading text of the story book Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. This study uses two methods, namely the method of data collection in the form of a study document, and methods of data analysis in the form of deductive reasoning and methods of descriptive analysis. The results of this study is to indicate that the verb kakeru has a variety of meanings which differences can be analyzed by looking at the meaning of the word that is the object before the verb kakeru., This study discusses about the meaning of the verb kakeru as homonymy in the story book Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. The purpose of this study focuses on the meanings of what is contained in the verb kakeru and the examples in the reading text of the story book Nihon no Obake Hanashi: Buru to Kowai Obake no Hanashi. This study uses two methods, namely the method of data collection in the form of a study document, and methods of data analysis in the form of deductive reasoning and methods of descriptive analysis. The results of this study is to indicate that the verb kakeru has a variety of meanings which differences can be analyzed by looking at the meaning of the word that is the object before the verb kakeru.]"

"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas mengenai gambaran keluarga miskin Korea pada masa industrialisasi 1970-an dalam cerpen Nansogong melalui tema, konflik, tokoh, dan penokohan yang digambarkan di dalam cerita. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah membaca teliti dan kajian pustaka. Landasan teori mencakup teori tentang tema, konflik, tokoh, dan penokohan. Tema utama yang digambarkan dalam Nansogong adalah penderitaan keluarga miskin Korea pada masa industrialisasi 1970-an. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari berbagai gambaran penderitaan yang dialami oleh masing-masing tokoh Yeongsu, Yeoungho, Yeounghui, Ibu, dan Ayah. Yeongsu, Yeongho, dan Yeonghui terpaksa harus berhenti sekolah. Ibu sudah pasrah terhadap nasibnya dan Ayah mengakhiri hidupnya dengan bunuh diri. Konflik yang ditunjukkan meliputi kesenjangan kaya-miskin, lunturnya moralitas dan kemanusiaan, tekanan ekonomi, putus asa dan kepasrahan terhadap nasib, serta skeptisisme terhadap penderitaan hidup. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa industrialisasi Korea 1970-an tidak selalu membawa kesejahteraan terutama bagi masyarakat ekonomi rendah.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses about the depiction of Korean poor family in industrialization 1970s era on Cho Se Hui rsquo s short story Nansogong through theme, conflict, character, and characterization analysis. This research was conducted by using close reading and literature review method. As the references, this research was applying theme, conflict, character, and characterization theory. The theme shown in this short story is the suffering of Korean poor family in industrialization 1970s era. This theme can be determined by the depiction of all the main character that suffer in a whole story. Yeongsu, Yeongho, and Yeonghui could not attend to school anymore. Mother gave up on her fate and even father gave up on his life by commiting suicide. Conflicts that shown in this short story are the disparity of rich and poor, degradation in morality and humanism, economic pressure, despair in fate, and the scepticism in their misery. These indicate that Korean industrialization is not always giving prosperity especially for those who are poor."

"Novel Yuki no Hanashi (cerita tentang salju) dapat dikatakan sebagai salah satu karya Takeda Rintaro yang baik, karena novel ini menggambarkan sikap Takeda Rintaro menjauhi kesusastraan proletar. Skripsi ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran kehidupan Takeda Rintaro dan sejauh mana pengaruh pemikiran kesusasteraan proletar terhadap diri Takeda Rintara dan karya-karyanya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelitian kepustakan (Library research), dengan membaca buku-buku teks, kritik sastra, dan lain-lain yang berhubungan dengan tema skripsi ini. Kegiatan kesusasteraan proletar di Jepang terlangsung pada akhir zaman Taisho sampai awal zaman Showa. Kesusasteraan proletar ialah kesusasteraan pembaharuan berdasarkan pemikiran proletar yang banyak dipengaruhi pemikiran komunis yang bertujuan menghancurkan kaum kapitalis dan faham kapitalisme menuju ke arah sosialisme yang banyak dilakukan oleh kaum buruh dan rakyat kecil yang merasa dirugikan oleh kaum kapitalis yang menguasainya."