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Abrijanto Soen Bing
"[Bau mulut (Halitosis) merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dikeluhkan sebagian besar masyarakat. Komponen utama pada bau mulut adalah volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), yaitu hidrogen sulfida (H2S), metil merkaptan (CH3SH), dan dimetilsulfida ((CH3)2S). Salah satu bahan alami yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengurangi bau mulut adalah buah burahol (Stelechocarpus burahol). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efek sediaan tablet hisap yang mengandung buah kepel dalam mengontrol bau mulut. Tiga puluh orang subyek sehat dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu
kelompok tablet hisap eksrak buah kepel dan kelompok permen karet xilitol. Subyek menggunakan tablet hisap pada pagi setelah makan pagi dan siang setelah makan siang. Pemeriksaan bau mulut dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu segera setelah bangun tidur, setelah makan pagi, dan siang hari sesudah makan siang. Variabel pemeriksaan bau mulut yang diukur adalah skor organoleptik, kadar H2S,
kadar CH3SH, dan kadar (CH3)2S. Efek tablet hisap ekstrak buah burahol sebanding dengan permen karet xilitol dalam menurunkan kadar H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S dan skor organoleptik bau mulut pada subyek. Tablet hisap yang mengandung ekstrak buah burahol (Stelechocarpus burahol) efektif dalam mengontrol bau mulut sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan bau mulut (halitosis).;

Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases, bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups
randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects. Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour (Halitosis).;Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,
bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating
from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of
lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral
malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups
randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other
groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two
tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after
lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after
waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is
measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges
containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges
containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and
organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.
Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in
controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour
(Halitosis).;Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,
bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating
from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of
lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral
malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups
randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other
groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two
tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after
lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after
waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is
measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges
containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges
containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and
organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.
Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in
controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour
(Halitosis)., Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,
bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating
from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of
lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral
malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups
randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other
groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two
tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after
lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after
waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is
measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges
containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges
containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and
organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.
Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in
controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour
(Halitosis).]
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Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Annisa Rahmakarina
"Latar Belakang: Terdapat penelitian yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara faktor interaksi sosial, yaitu jenis kelamin dan tingkat pengetahuan dengan self-perceived halitosis. Masih terdapat beberapa faktor interaksi sosial lainnya yang belum diketahui hubungannya dengan self-perceived halitosis.
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi hubungan antara faktor-faktor interaksi sosial dan self-perceived halitosis pada remaja DKI Jakarta.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Self-perceived halitosis diukur melalui self-assessment halitosis menggunakan metode licking wrist dan interaksi sosial diukur menggunakan 23 pertanyaan kueioner.
Hasil: self-perceived halitosis lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dibanding perempuan (p = 0,038, r = - 0,139). Selain itu, adanya pengalaman tidak menyenangkan mengenai bau mulut meningkatkan self-perceived halitosis (p = 0,011, r = 0,136) dan semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan maka semakin tinggi self-perceived halitosis. Faktor interaksi sosial lainnya tidak memiliki hubungan dengan self-perceived halitosis (p>0,05).
Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan antara faktor jenis kelamin, pengalaman/persepsi sosial, dan pendidikan terhadap self-perceived halitosis.

Background: There are studies that show a relationship between social interaction factors, that is gender and level of knowledge with self-perceived halitosis. There are still several other social interaction factors in which the relationships toward self-perceived halitosis have not yet known.
Objective: To identify the relationship between social interaction factors and self-perceived halitosis toward adolescents in DKI Jakarta.
Methods: The study is using cross-sectional design. Self-perceived halitosis was measured through self-assessment of halitosis using the licking wrist method and social interaction was measured using 23 questionnaire questions.
Result: self-perceived halitosis was higher in males than females (p = 0.038, r = - 0.139). In addition, having an unpleasant experience with halitosis increases self-perceived halitosis (p = 0.011, r = 0.136) and the higher the level of education, the higher the self-perceived halitosis. Other social interaction factors have no relationship with self-perceived halitosis (p>0,05).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between gender, social experience factors, and level of education on self-perceived halitosis.
"
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Zenobia Zettira
"Latar belakang: Bau mulut merupakan kondisi yang umum terjadi dan dapat berdampak negatif pada kualitas hidup seseorang. Melalui YouTube, banyak orang dapat mengakses informasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis kualitas informasi, kelengkapan konten, dan reliabilitas video YouTube mengenai bau mulut berbahasa Indonesia.
Metode: Studi cross-sectional yang mengikuti petunjuk PRISMA flow diagram. Total terdapat 300 video dengan 3 kata kunci pencarian, yaitu “Bau mulut”, “Bau napas tidak sedap”, dan “Bau mulut busuk”. Semua video dicatat jumlah likes, dislikes, views, hari sejak upload, durasi, interaction index, viewing rate, dan kategori sumber (healthcare professional, pribadi, edukasi, profit companies). Video score digunakan untuk menilaii kualitas informasi, kelengkapan konten dan untuk mengkategorikan video menjadi "poor", “good", dan "excellent". DISCERN digunakan untuk menilai reliabilitas video.
Hasil: Dari 105 video yang dianalisis, sebanyak 68 video (64,8%) diunggah oleh pengguna pribadi. Secara umum, video dikategorikan “buruk” dan realibilitasnya rendah. Video yang bersumber dari healthcare professional menunjukkan kualitas, kelengkapan konten, dan reliabilitas informasi yang paling tinggi. (p<0,05, uji Kruskal Wallis). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam jumlah views pada video berdurasi kurang dari dan lebih dari 4 menit. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada jumlah views video kurang dari dan lebih dari 6 menit. (p<0,05, uji Mann Whitney). Semakin lama durasi maka semakin tinggi kualitas dan reliabilitas video, tetapi semakin sedikit ditonton.
Kesimpulan: Dalam penelitian ini, video mengenai bau mulut yang baik adalah yang diunggah oleh healthcare professional. Secara umum, video YouTube mengenai bau mulut dikategorikan “poor” menurut kualitas dan kelengkapan kontennya. Pengguna YouTube cenderung menyukai video berkualitas rendah dibandingkan berkualitas tinggi yang menggambarkan bahwa penonton tidak dapat membedakan antara konten yang reliabel dan berpotensi bias.

Background: Bad breath is a common condition and can harm the quality of life. Through YouTube, many people can access oral health information.
Objective: To analyze the quality of information, comprehensiveness of the content, and YouTube video’s reliability regarding bad breath in Indonesian.
Methods: A cross-sectional study that following PRISMA flow diagrams. Total of 300 videos were collected based on three search keywords, "Bad breath", "Unpleasant breath", and "Oral malodor". All videos are recorded the number of likes, dislikes, views, duration, interaction index, viewing rate, and source category (healthcare professional, personal, education, and profit companies). Video scores represent the value of information quality, comprehensiveness of content, and to categorize videos as "poor”, “good," and "excellent". DISCERN was used to assess video reliability.
Results: From the 105 videos analyzed, 68 (64.8%) were uploaded by personal users. In general, videos are categorized as "poor" and have low reliability. Videos sourced from healthcare professionals show the highest quality, comprehensiveness of the content, and reliability (p <0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). There’s no significant difference in the number of viewers for video’s duration less than and more than 4 minutes. But, there’s a considerable difference in the number of viewers for video’s duration less than and more than 6 minutes (p <0.05, Mann Whitney test). The longer the duration, the higher the video's quality and reliability, but the less watched.
Conclusion: In this study, videos were categorized as “good” uploaded most by healthcare professionals. In general, YouTube videos about bad breath were categorized as “poor” according to the quality and comprehensiveness of the content. YouTube users tend to like lower quality videos over high quality which illustrates that viewers cannot differentiate between reliable and potentially biased content.
"
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rosi Sriandita Worosatiti
"[ABSTRACT
Halitosis merupakan masalah medico-social yang mempengaruhi citra dan kepercayaan diri seseorang serta masyarakat. Kemampuan seseorang untuk mengetahui bahwa dirinya memiliki halitosis dan sejauh mana bau tersebut mengganggu khalayak ramai belum diketahui, sehingga diperlukan informasi mengenai gambaran perceived needs halitosis dengan metode self-assessment.
Sampel penelitian didapat dengan menyebar angket formulir ekektronik dan didapatkan 1253 responden mahasiswa S1 Universitas Indonesia. Hasil uji Chi Square menunjukan terdapat perbedaan responden dengan bau mulut dan tanpa
bau mulut berdasarkan karakteristik, persepsi waktu terjadinya bau mulut, menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut, serta persepsi keadaan rongga mulut memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan halitosis, sedangkan penyakit sistemik dan kebiasaan selfcare tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan.

ABSTRACT
Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment methods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosis and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristic, perception of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however systemic diseases and self care habit don't have significant differences. Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment methods is necessary to know the effect of someone's perception about halitosis and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics, perception of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however systemic diseases and self care habit don't have significant differences.;Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and
community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment
methods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosis
and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form
questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of
Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences
in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perception
of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however
systemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences.;Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and
community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment
methods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosis
and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form
questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of
Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences
in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perception
of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however
systemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences., Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and
community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment
methods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosis
and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form
questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of
Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences
in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perception
of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however
systemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences.]"
2016
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bayu Dwi Siswanto
"Stelechocarpus Burahol buah asli nusantara penghilang bau mulut dan bau badan diketahui turun temurun di gunakan masyarakat ,sumber bahan alami pembuatan larutan kumur penghilang bau mulut.
Tujuan : Mengetahui daya hambat bakteri ekstrak buah kepel, serta efikasi larutan kumur ekstrak buah kepel dibanding larutan komersial dalam mengontrol halitosis fisiologis.
Metode : Cross-over 30 subyek penelitian, single blind,dua kelompok. Pengujian organoleptik test serta pengukuran VSCs dengan Oralchroma?.
Hasil: uji daya anti bakteri Phyromonas ginggivalis ATCC 33277, Metode dilusi, kepel KBM 75%, KHM (-), larutan komersial KBM 25%, KHM 25%. Metode difusi,kepel;daya hambat konsentrasi 50%:8mm, 75%:8mm, 100%:10mm, larutan komersial;25%:10mm, 50%:11mm, 75%:14mm, 100%:14mm,signifikan larutan komersial ,P-value 0.034,alpha 5%. Analisa crossover;H2S kepel 0.05, komersial 0.25,P-value 0.0349 ,alpha 1%,nilai R-square sebesar 69.1%. Nilai CH3SH kepel 0,24,komersial 0.17 P-value 0.324,alpha 1%. Nilai (CH3)2S kepel 0.246, komersial 0.238, P-value 0.338 alpha 1%. P-value nilai tengah H2S , CH3SH, dan (CH3)2S, diatas alpha 1%.
Kesimpulan : Kemampuan daya hambat bakteri larutan kumur komersial lebih baik secara bermakna, namun kemampuan larutan kepel dan komersial dalam menghambat H2S , CH3SH dan (CH3)2S tidak beda bermakna.

Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol) an nusantara's fruit of origin, well known as oral and body anti mallodour for a long time ago specialy in javanish heritage, its become natural promising source for develope natural mouthwash in controling fisiologic halitosis.
This research aimed in testing efficacy betwen kepel and commercial mouthwash containing green tea extract as oral anti mallodour in fisiologic halitosis.
Method: A randomized, single blind, two-group ,Cross-over design with 30 subject. Using organoleptic test and Oralchroma ?.
Result : anti bacterial test against Phyromonas ginggivalis ATCC 33277, diluted methode ; kepel KBM 75%, KHM (-), comercial mouthwash KBM 25%, KHM 25%. Difused methode kepel mouthwash positive in concentration 50%:8mm, 75%:8mm, 100%:10mm, comercial moutwash 25%:10mm, 50%:11mm, 75%:14mm, 100%:14mm, better result in commercial mouthwash ,P-value 0.034 alpha 5%. Crossover analytic H2S kepel 0.05, commercial 0.25,P-value 0.0349 alpha 1%, R-square 69.1%. Result for CH3SH kepel 0,24,commercial 0.17 Pvalue 0.324 alpha 1%. Result (CH3)2 kepel 0.246, commercial 0.238, P-value 0.338 alpha 1%. P-value for H2S , CH3SH and (CH3)2S above alpha 1% .
Conclusion : Anti bacterial ability of commercial mouthwash better than kepel's, thougt both kepel and commercial mouthwash had almost same resulted in reducting levels H2S , CH3SH and (CH3)2S."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T44257
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Asni Amin
"Buah kepel Stelechocarpus burahol secara tradisional digunakan sebagai penghilang bau mulut oleh putri kerajaan Yogyakarta.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas, mengidentifikasi dan memprediksi mekanisme senyawa dari ekstrak buah kepel sebagai penghilang bau mulut. Ekstrak etanol dipartisi dengan pelarut heksan, etil asetat, butanol, air dan metanol. Ekstrak dan fraksi buah kepel diujikan aktivitas penyerapan bau volatile sulfur compounds VSCs dan antibakteri penyebab bau mulut. Hasil skrining fitokimia dan penentuan kadar kandungan kimia, diketahui buah kepel mengandung saponin yang terdapat pada semua fraksi kecuali metanol, juga semua fraksi mengandung flavonoid, polifenol dan tanin. Kadar total polifenol menunjukkan kadar tertinggi ditemukan pada fraksi air. Semua ekstrak dan fraksi dapat menyerap bau metil merkaptan dan dimetilsulfida, dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Fusobacterium nucleatum.Fraksi butanol FB1 dari fraksinasi kolom adsorben sepadeks diisolasi lebih lanjut dengan adsorben silikagel Flash menghasilkan subfraksi FB1-AM, dimurnikan dengan kloroform-metanol, dan diidentifikasi senyawanya menggunakan H-NMR dan LCMS/MS. Hasil pengkajian mekanisme aksi dengan meetode insiliko dari senyawa kandidat 5-hidroksimetilfurfural, diketahui senyawa ini dapat menghambat enzim pengkatalisis yang membantu enzim metionin gamma liase menghasilkan metil merkaptan, seperti halnya katekin sebagai pembanding.

Kepel fruit Stelechocarpus burahol has traditionally been used as aoral deodorizing of the Yogyakarta Princesses.The objective of this study was obtain the extract and the fraction of the kepel activity as a remover of oral malodor and to predict the mechanism of the isolate compounds as deodorizing.The ethanol extract was partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, water and methanol solvents. Extracts and fractions of the fruit tested for odor absorption of Volatile Sulfur Compounds VSCs and antibacterial trigger halitosis. The phytochemical screening was known that all fractions except methanol contain saponins, and all fractions contain flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins. Total of polyphenol compounds show the highest consentrations found in water fractions. All extracts and fractions can absorb methyl mercaptane and dimethylsulfide gas, and may inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatumbacteria . The FB1 from butanol fraction was further isolated with a silica gel resulted FB1 AM subfraction, then purified by chloroform methanol, and identified using H NMR and LCMS MS. The action mechanism of 5 hydroxymethylfurfural candidate compound by in silico method, found in this compound can inhibit the enzyme catalyzing PLP which the enzyme methionine gamma lyase to produce methyl mercaptane, as well as catechins as a comparison."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2018
D2385
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Al Furqon Setyo Utomo
"Bau mulut adalah masalah yang dapat membuat orang tidak nyaman. Stelechocarpus burahol (kepel) terbukti secara empiris dapat menghilangkan bau mulut, karena mengandung flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai agen pengadsorbsi. Untuk meningkatkan potensinya dilakukan ekstraksi dari buah kepel. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik, ekstrak distandardisasi. Standardiasi yang dilakukan antara lain parameter spesifik kadar total flavonoid adalah 0,30 %, kadar total fenol adalah 7,85 g GAE/100 g, kadar logam berat adalah 0 ppm, dan kadar sisa pelarut adalah 0 ppm, sedangkan pada parameter non spesifik berupa kadar abu adalah 94,95 %, kadar abu tidak larut asam adalah 0,97 %, kadar air adalah 28,36 %, uji kelarutan ekstrak 1:10. Ekstrak dibuat menjadi sediaan obat kumur agar mudah digunakan sehari-hari. Sediaan obat kumur ini mengandung ekstrak buah kepel, isomaltulosa, mentol, asam malat, natrium benzoat, sorbitol, dan etanol. Pada formulasi I, II, dan III secara berturut-turut memiliki pemanis isomaltulosa 4 %, 8 %, dan 12 %, dari ketiga formulasi tersebut diuji untuk menentukan formulasi yang paling disukai dan stabil. Formula II mendapatkan nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada parameter warna dan aroma, serta mendapat peringkat kedua pada parameter rasa, sedangkan pada pengujian fisik obat kumur, pada formulasi I memiliki bau mentol; jernih; warna incosete 0605 orange; pH 5,35; dan bobot jenis 1,0349; formula II memiliki bau mentol; jernih; warna incosete 0605 orange; pH 5,36; dan bobot jenis 1,1234; formula III memiliki bau mentol; jernih; warna incosete 0605 orange; pH 5,37; dan bobot jenis 0,9953.

Halitosis is a problem that can make people uncomfortable. Stelechocarpus burahol (Kepel) empirically proven to eliminate bad breath, because it contains flavonoid which serves as an adsorbent agent. To improve the potency, kepel fruit is extracted. To get a good result, standardized extract. Standardization is carried out include specific parameters such as levels of total flavonoids was 0.30%, the total phenol content was 7.85 g GAE/100 g, heavy metal content is 0 ppm, and levels of residual solvent was 0 ppm, whereas the non-specific parameters form of ash content is 94.95%, acid insoluble ash content was 0.97%, the water content was 28.36%, solubility test extract 1:10. Extracts made ​​into a mouthwash preparations for daily use. This mouthwash contains fruit extracts Kepel, isomalt, menthol, malic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbitol and ethanol. In the formulations I, II, and III consecutive had a sweetener isomalt 4%, 8%, and 12%, all three formulations were tested to determine the most preferred formulation and stable. Formulation II get the highest average score on the parameters of color and aroma, and was ranked second in the taste parameters, whereas the physical testing of mouthwash, the formulation I have a menthol smell, transparant, 0605 incosete orange color, pH 5.35, and a specific gravity of 1.0349, formulation II has the smell of menthol, transparant, 0605 incosete orange color, pH 5.36, and a specific gravity of 1.1234, formulation III has a menthol odor, transparent, 0605 incosete orange color, pH 5.37, and a specific gravity of 0.9953."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S54807
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hertyn Frianka
"ABSTRAK
Buah burahol bermanfaat untuk mengurangi halitosis (bau mulut) yang disebabkan oleh terbentuknya gas volatile sulfur di dalam rongga mulut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan standardisasi ekstrak etanol buah burahol dan memformulasikan tablet hisap ekstrak etanol buah burahol. Tablet hisap ekstrak burahol ini dibuat dengan menggunakan perbedaan pemanis, yaitu sintetis (aspartame) dan alami (isomaltulosa dan manitol). Metode yang digunakan untuk mencetak tablet hisap adalah dengan metode kempa langsung. Hasil uji kadar abu, kadar abu tidak larut asam, serta kadar air ekstrak buah burahol masing-masing adalah 94,95±0,05; 0,97±0,40 ; dan 33,60±0,54%. Sementara itu, hasil uji kadar total fenol, total flavonoid, sisa logam (Pb dan Cd), dan uji sisa pelarut masing-masing adalah 7,85±0,04 gGAE/100 g sampel; 0,31±0,002%; dan tidak terdapatnya sisa logam berat maupun sisa pelarut pada ekstrak. Dari hasil uji waktu larut yang dilakukan oleh 30 orang panelis, diperoleh waktu larut paling cepat adalah 4,99±0,27 menit dengan menggunakan pemanis manitol. Hasil analisis program SPSS 17.0 dari data hasil uji kesukaan menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna antara keempat formulasi yang mengandung jenis pemanis dan konsentrasi yang berbeda dengan tingkat kesukaan panelis

ABSTRACT
The beneficial of Burahol fruit is to reduce halitosis (bad breath) caused by the formation of volatile sulfur gases in the oral cavity. The aim of these study was to standardize the ethanol extract from burahol fruit and formulated ethanol extract of fruit burahol. The troches containing standardized ethanol extract of Burahol Fruit was made using the difference of sweeteners, namely synthetic (aspartame) and natural sweeteners (isomalt and mannitol). The Method for making ethanol extract of fruit lozenges burahol is using direct compression method Determination result of ash content; the result of acid insoluble acid and the result of water of each is 94,95±0,05; 0,97±0,40; and 33,60±0,54%. Meanwhile, the result of total phenol content, total flavonoids, the rest of the metals ( Pb and Cd ), and the residual solvent testing of each is 7,85±0,04 g sample gGAE/100; 0.31±0.002%, and not presence of residual heavy metals and residual solvent in the extract. The results test of dissolving time by 30 panelists, obtained during the fastest dissolving time is 4,99±0,27 minutes using mannitol sweetener. The results of the analysis of the data SPSS 17.0 showing that there is significant difference between the four types of formulations containing different concentrations of sweeteners and the level of preference panelists."
2014
S54600
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Untuk mendapatkan udara pernafasan pada penyelaman,semua penyelam menggunakan alat yang dinamakan kompresor.Aalat ini dirancang untuk mendapatkan kemampuan daya tekan/kompresi yng tinggi sehingga menghasilkan tekanan udara yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan,yati bisa mengisi tabung selam (dive tank) sesuai kemampuan isinya, biasanya bertekanan 3000 psi...."
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Napitupulu, Desyi Prana
"Breaking bad news berkaitan dengan penyampaian informasi yang tidak menyenangkan bagi pasien dan keluarga yang sering harus disampaikan oleh perawat dalam praktik keseharian. Kurangnya keterampilan dan kepercayaan diri perawat masih ditemukan sebagai hambatan dalam breaking bad news. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi efektivitas metode komunikasi model ABCDE dalam meningkatkan keterampilan dan kepercayaan diri perawat dalam breaking bad news. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experiment pre and post test with control group. Sampel penelitian adalah perawat pelaksana di RS X Depok sebanyak 40 orang, 20 orang dalam kelompok intervensi dan 20 orang dalam kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan metode komunikasi model ABCDE efektif meningkatkan keterampilan (p<0,001(intervensi), p=0,017(kontrol)) dan kepercayaan diri (p<0,001(intervensi), p=0,001(kontrol)) perawat dalam breaking bad news baik pada kelompok intervensi maupun kelompok kontrol. Penerapan model komunikasi ABCDE dalam praktik keperawatan membutuhkan dukungan lebih dalam dimensi advance preparation dan dimensi encourage and validate, reflect emotions. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan keterlibatan manajemen atau head nurse sebagai key person di unit perawatan untuk melakukan monitoring dan menciptakan iklim yang memotivasi.

Breaking bad news is related to delivering unpleasant information to patients and their families, which nurses often have to convey in daily practice. Nurses’ lack of skills and confidence is still seen as a barrier to breaking bad news. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the ABCDE model communication method on the skills and confidence of nurses in breaking bad news. This research used a quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design with a control group. The research samples were 40 nurses at X Hospital Depok, 20 nurses in the intervention group, and 20 nurses in the control group. The results showed that the implementation of the ABCDE model communication method effectively increased the skills (p<0,001(intervention), p=0,017(control)) and self-confidence (p<0,001(intervention), p=0,001(control)) of nurses in breaking bad news. The implementation of the ABCDE model communication method in nursing practice requires much more support in the advance preparation dimension and the encourages, validates, and reflects emotions dimension. This can be done by increasing the involvement of management or the head nurse as the key person in the nursing unit to monitor and create a motivating climate."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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