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"[ABSTRAKDurian merupakan buah tropis yang umum ditemukan di Asia Tenggara. Durian berasal dari keluarga Malvaceae dan genus Durio. High-density lipoprotein atau HDL adalah zat yang tidak larut dalam air dan memiliki fungsi untuk membawa kolesterol ester dan kolesterol dari jaringan kembali ke hati. Diyakini bahwa konsumsi durian berlebihan dapat menyebabkan status kesehatan yang buruk karena dapat meningkatkan tingkat kolesterol. Dalam penelitian ini, kami ingin mencoba untuk mengetahui apakah rumor ini benar atau tidak. Kami melakukan penelitian dengan rancangan penelitian eksperimental.Kami menggunakan tikus, dikelompokkan, dan kami memberi durian dalam periode tertentu. Pada setiap akhir periode, kami mengorbankan tikus dan mengambil darah untuk pemeriksaan. Kami menggunakan kit untuk mengukur tingkat HDL dan membandingkannya dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak mengkonsumsi durian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi HDL lebih rendah pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol di ketiga perbandingan. Namun, nilai p ditemukan tidak signifikan. Bentuk penelitian lain telah menemukan bahwa durian mengandung fenol dan flavonoid yang memiliki sifat antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat mengurangi risiko memiliki penyakit kardiovaskular dengan mencegah proses oksidasi LDL khusus oleh radikal bebas, spesies oksigen reaktif, dan spesies nitrogen reaktif. Rendahnya tingkat HDL adalah faktor risiko untuk aterosklerosis. Tapi, kita harus melihat dari pendekatan yang komprehensif mengenai konsumsi durian. Kita harus mengeksplorasi parameter lain seperti kolesterol total, LDL, dan trigliserida. Tingkat kolesterol total dalam penelitian ini mengalami penurunan. Jadi, kita tidak bisa menilaibahwa durian adalah buruk bagi kesehatan. Penyelidikan lebih lanjut mengenai profil lipid dan risiko memiliki penyakit kardiovaskular perlu dilakukan.

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ABSTRACTDurian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durian consumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done.;Durian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durian consumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done.;Durian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durianconsumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done., Durian is a tropical fruit commonly found in South East Asia. It comes from the family of Malvaceae and the genus of Durio. High-density lipoprotein or HDL is a substance that is insoluble in water and has the function to carry cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the tissues back into the liver. It is believed that durian consumption moreover if excessive can lead to bad health status due tot he increase of cholesterol level. In this research, we want to try to learn if this rumor is true or not. We done the research with experimental research design. We used rats, grouped them, and we give them durian in a certain period of time. In the end of each period, we sacrificed the rats and took their blood for examination. We use a kit to measured the HDL level and compare it to a control group who does not consume durian. The results showed lower HDL concentration in the intervention group compare to the control group in all three comparison. However, the p value is not significant for two comparisons. Form other studies, we had found that durian contains phenols and flavonoids which has antioxidant properties. Antioxidant can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular diseases by preventing the oxidation process specifically LDL by the free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. Low level of HDL is risk factors for atherosclerosis. But, we have to look from comprehensive approach regarding this durianconsumption. We have to explore other parameters such as the total cholesterol, LDL, and Triglycerides. The total cholesterol level in this research is decreasing. So, we cannot judge that durian is bad for the health. Further investigations regarding the lipid profile and the risk of having cardiovascular disease is need to be done.]"

"Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) adalah salah satu profil lemak yang memengaruhi kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek buah Garcinia atroviridis sebagai alternatif terapi untuk menurunkan kadar LDL. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental, perlakuan terhadap hewan coba tikus, dibagi dalam kelompok propylthiouracil (PTU)+diet tinggi lemak, kelompok PTU, dan pemberian 3 kelompok ekstrak. Induksi dengan asupan tinggi lemak (0,375 ml gajih ayam dan 1,5 ml kuning telur puyuh) dan PTU pada kelompok PTU+diet tinggi lemak dan 3 kelompok ekstrak. Pengambilan sampel darah pada tikus PTU dan PTU+diet tinggi lemak setelah 21 hari, dan 42 hari pada kelompok ekstrak. Data dianalisis menggunakan tes parametrik one way ANOVA dan uji T tidak berpasangan. Didapatkan rata-rata LDL tiap perlakuan: (1) PTU (24,8), (2) PTU+diet tinggi lemak (52,4), (3) dosis 10 mg (22,8), (4) dosis 20 mg (25,4), (5) dosis 30 mg (36,25). Pada uji T menunjukkan kenaikan LDL yang signifikan pasca induksi, pada uji ANOVA menunjukkan penurunan LDL pasca pemberian ekstrak buah Garcinia atroviridis yang berbeda bermakna. Analisis Post Hoc menunjukkan penurunan LDL paling signifikan pada dosis 10 mg. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak buah Garcinia atroviridis pada tikus strain Wistar secara signifikan menurukan kadar LDL.

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Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading cause of death in Indonesia. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is one of lipid profile that has effect on cardiovascular disease. This research is aimed to discover the effect of Garcinia atroviridis fruit extract to lower LDL level. This is an experimental study, intervention was given differently to laboratory rats: propylthiouracil (PTU)+high lipid diet, PTU, and 3 extract groups. Induction is conducted with high lipid diet (0,375 ml chicken fat and 1,5 ml quail egg yolk) and PTU, in PTU with high lipid diet and 3 extract groups. Rats blood was extracted, PTU and PTU+high lipid diet after 21 days, and 42 days for extract group.

Data was analysed using one way ANOVA parametric test and independent T test. Mean LDL value of each treatment: (1) PTU (24,8), (2) PTU+high lipid diet (52,4), (3) 10 mg (22,8), (4) 20 mg (25,4), (5) 30 mg (36,25). T test showed significant result in increasing LDL level after induction and ANOVA test showed significant result in lowering LDL level after given Garcinia atroviridis fruit extract. Post Hoc analysis shows the most significant result comes from 10 mg dose. In conclussion, Garcinia atroviridis fruit extract significantly lowers blood LDL of Wistar strain rats."

"Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia dengan angka kejadian yang terus bertambah. Salah satu faktor resiko dari penyakit ini adalah hipertrigliserida. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental yang ditujukan untuk mengetahui metode induksi peningkatan kadar trigliserida, dan efektifitas ekstrak buah Garcinia atroviridis sebagai antitrigliserida. Penelitian terbagi menjadi 2, pertama untuk mencari metode induksi, untuk membuktikan efektifitas ekstrak buah Garcinia atroviridis. Penelitian pertama terdiri dari kelompok tinggi lemak diberikan diet tinggi lemak (0,375ml gajih ayam, 1,5ml kuning telur puyuh, dan 1ml PTU) dan kelompok tanpa lemak diberikan diet standar dan PTU. Penelitian kedua terdiri dari kelompok uji diberikan diet tinggi lemak dengan jumlah yang sama ditambah dengan ekstrak buah Garcinia atroviridis dalam 3 dosis (10mg, 20mg, 30mg). Setiap kelompok tersebut kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar trigliserida darah. Hasilnya diuji dengan tes parametrik t-test untuk menguji metode induksi, dan one way ANOVA untuk menguji efektifitas ekstrak. Terdapat perbedaan tidak signifikan (p=0,255). Pada kelompok ekstrak didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kelompok uji 1a, dan 1c (p=0,006). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat efek yang signifikan dari ekstrak buah Garcinia atroviridis untuk menurunkan kadar trigliserida berdasarkan dosis pada darah tikus strain Wistar yang diberi asupan lemak berlebih.

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Cardiovascular diseases, the world?s number one cause of death has certainly keep increasing. One of the risk factor is hypertriglyceride. This study is an experimental based study which was conducted to learn induction method to increase triglyceride level, and the effect of extract Garcinia atroviridis fruit extract as antitriglyceride.

This study was separated into 2, first to look for induction method, second to prove the effect of Garcinia atroviridis fruit extract. The first study consists of high-fat group that was given high fat diet (0,375ml fatty portion of chicken meat; 1,5ml quail's egg yolk; and 1ml PTU) and non-fat group, that was given standard diet and 1ml PTU. The second study consists of group treatments, which were given high fat diet and extract of Garcinia atroviridis fruit in 3 doses (10mg, 20mg, 30mg). Each group then examined for their triglyceride level.

The results were analyzed using t-test for induction method and one-way ANOVA test for the effect of extract There are no significance different between groups without extract (p=0,255). In groups with extract, there?s a significance difference between groups (p=0,006). Therefore it concluded that there are significance effect of Garcinia atroviridis fruit extract in reducing triglyceride level in Wistar strain rats blood."

"Pendahuluan.Pencegahan dan pengendalian hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDLsangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler. Pemeriksaan laboratorium dari serum darah menjadi baku emas penegakan diagnosis hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDL, namun harganya yang mahal dan tidak tersedia di semua layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan indikator rasio lingkar pinggang terhadap tinggi badan (LP/TB) sebagai alat untuk deteksi dini hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDL di Indonesia.Metode.Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013 dengan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia yang berusia 15 tahun ke atas. Subyek dengan riwayat penyakit jantung koroner, stroke, hipertiroid, sedang hamil, atau menggunakan kontrasepsi oral diekslusi. Total subyek penelitian sebanyak 29.536 orang. Variabel independen adalah rasio LP/TB, usia, jenis kelamin, adanya hipertensi, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, aktivitas fisik, pola diet, kebiasaan merokok, dan stress. Variabel dependen adalah ada tidaknya hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDL (LDL ≥100 mg/dl).Hasil. Prevalensi hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDLdi Indonesia sebesar 73,48%. Dari analisis ROC didapatkan area under curve (AUC) rasio LP/TB untuk mengidentifikasi hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDLsebesar 0,6355. Titik potong rasio LP/TB sebesar 0,45 pada laki-laki dan 0,49 pada perempuan menghasilkan sensitivitas sebesar 70,15%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara AUC rasio LP/TB dengan AUC indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar pinggang. Namun dengan menggunakan titik potong standar di Indonesia, sensitivitas IMT dan lingkar pinggang lebih rendah untuk mendiagnosis hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDL (sensitivitas IMT: 31,27%, sensitivitas lingkar pinggang 30,16%). Variabel yang menjadi faktor risiko hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDL adalah usia (POR: 1,03; 95% CI 1,030-1,034), wanita (POR: 1,12; 95% CI 1,05-1,19), hipertensi (OR: 1,34% 95% CI 1,12-1,59), dan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (POR:1,75; 95% CI 1,37-2,23).Faktor protektif hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDL menurut indikator rasio LP/TB adalah stress psikis (POR: 0,88, 95%CI: 0,08-0,98).Kesimpulan. Rasio LP/TB ≥0,45 pada laki-laki dan ≥0,49 pada perempuan dapat digunakan untuk menjadi alat deteksi dini hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDLdengan sensitivitas yang baik. Usia, wanita, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, dan hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko hiperlipoproteinemia tipe LDL.

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Introduction. Detection of LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia is important for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Serum lipid testing as gold standard for LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia remains expensive and not available in every districts in Indonesia. We aimed to develop waist to height ratio (WTHR) as simple test to identify LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia among Indonesians.Methods. This was a cross sectional study using data from Indonesia?s Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) in 2013. A total of 19.536 participants aged 15 and above were included. Subject with history of stroke, ischaemic heart disease, hyperthyroid, in pregnancy, or using oral contraceptive were excluded. Dyslipidemia was defined as LDL≥100 mg/dl. Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured following standard procedure. We compare validity of WTHR with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for identifying dyslipidemia, with serum lipid testing as gold standard. We also analyze whether age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, diet, physical activity, smoking habit, and physicological stress were associated with LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia. Data were analysed using logistic regression and areas under the receiving operating characteristic curves.Results. Prevalence of LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia in Indonesia is 73,48%. AUC of WTHR is 0,6355. Wthr at cut off 0,45 in male and0,49 in female gives 70,15% sensitivity. There were no significant difference in AUCs of WTHR, BMI, and WC. But with standard cut-off point of BMI and WC, their sensitivity is lower than WTHR (sensitivity of BMI is 31,27%, sensitivity of WC is 30,16%). Risk factors of of LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia were age (POR: 1,03; 95% CI 1,030-1,034), female (POR: 1,12; 95% CI 1,05-1,19), hypertension (POR: 1,34% 95% CI 1,12-1,59), and type 2 diabetes (POR:1,75; 95% CI 1,37-2,23).Protective factor was physiological stress (POR: 0,86, 95%CI: 0,78-0,96).Conclusions. WTHR≥0,45 in male and ≥0,49 in female may be used as tool for of LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia screening. Age, female, hypertension, type 2 diabetes were risk factors of of LDL type hyperlipoproteinemia."

"Durian merupakan salah satu jenis buah yang terkenal dikalanagn masyarakat, termasuk di Indonesia. Banyak rumor yang berkembang dikalangan masyarakat bahwa konsumsi buah durian dapat meningkatkan level trigliserida dalam darah. Trigliserida sendiri adalah salah satu jenis lemak yang sangat penting badi tubuh dan berperan dalam berbagai sistem fisiologi dalam tubuh seperti pembentukan membrane sel, sumber energy, penyerapan vitamin A, D, E, K dan juga menjaga panas tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan rumor tersebut dan memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentag pengaruh konsumsi durian terhadap kadar trigliserida darah. Penelitian ini menggunaka metode experimental kepada tikus sebagai subjek. Data diambil pada bulan Juli 2012. Durian yang telah diencerkan diberikan kepada tikus melalui injeksi oral dengan 3 perlakuan berbeda, yaitu tikus diberi makan durian selama 1 minggu, 2 minggu dan 3 minggu, ditambah dengan sekelompok tikus yang diberi makan pelet biasa sebagai kontrol. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS . Hasil menunjukan pada kelompok tikus kontrol mean trigliserida darah sebesar 184,073. Pada kelompk tikus yang diberikan makan durian hasilnya menunjukan pada tikus mingu 1 memiliki mean kadar trigliserida darah sebesar 138,423, pada tikus minggu 2 memiliki mean trigliserida darah sebesar 126,962, dan pada tikus minggu 3 memiliki mean kadar trigliserida darah sebesar 633,447. Dari hasil analisis SPSS hasil menunjukan bahwa data tidak signifikan. Sebagai kesimpulan, terjadi penurunan kadar trigliserida darah pada tikus yang diberi makan hanya durian pada minggu 1 dan 2, sedangkan terjadi peningkatan kadar trigliserida darah pada tikus yang hanya diberi makan durian pada minngu 3, dengan korelasi positif.

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Durian is one of popular fruits among people including in Indonesia. There is rumor spreading in societythat by consuming durian it can raise the blood triglyceride level. Triglyceride itself is a type of fat that very important which is very important for human body and has important roles in physiology system of our body like in cell membrane construction, energy sources, absorption of vitamin A, D, E, K and keep heat in our body.

This research's purpose is to prove that rumor and give the information to society about the effect of durian consumption on the blood triglyceride level.

This research uses experimental method with rats as subjects. These data was taken on July 2012. The diluted durian is given through oral injection to rats with 3 different variables, which are given durian for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks, plus with a group of rats that was feed with ordinary rats food as a control group. The data is processed using SPSS.

The results show that from the control group rats the mean of blood triglyceride level is 184,073. In a group of rats that was fed with durian for 1 week the mean of blood triglyceride level is 138,423, in group of rats which was fed with durian for 2 weeks the mean of blood triglyceride level is 126,962, while in group of rats fed with durian for three weeks the mean of blood triglyceride level is 633,447. From the analyzing process using SPSS it shows that the results data is not significant.

In conclusion, there is a reduction of blood triglyceride level in groups of rats fed only by durian for 1 week and 2 weeks, while there is an elevation of blood triglyceride level of a group of rats fed only by durian for 3 weeks, with positive correlation."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Dislipidemia merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler di mana penyakit tersebut adalah penyebab utama mortalitas dan morbiditas di negara-negara maju. Telah ada bukti yang menyatakan adanya hubungan antara stres dengan penyakit kardiovaskular. Beberapa studi mengaitkan antara stres kerja dengan perubahan kadar lipid, hal ini menguatkan tentang adanya hubungan antara stres kerja dengan penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat stresor kerja dan faktor risiko lainnya dengan timbulnya kecenderungan dislipidemia pada pekerja industri migas.Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dengananalisis perbandingan. Data yang dikumpulkan merupakan data sekunder yang meliputi hasil MCU tahun 2013 dan stres kerja-stresor kerja menggunakan Survey Diagnostik Stres .Hasil penelitian: Dari 142 responden didapatkan prevalensi dislipidemia sebesar59,9 . Stresor kerja yang berpengaruh terhadap dislipidemia adalah konflik peran OR=3,09; CI=1,52-6,27; p=0,001 , pengembangan karir OR=3,12; CI=1,50-6,47; p=0,002 , dan beban kerja kuantitatif berlebih OR=2,92; CI=1,42-6,02; p=0,003 . Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap dislipidemia adalah Indeks Massa Tubuh OR=191,83; CI=31,69-1161,33; p?0,001 . Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara stressor kerja ? 3 terhadap dislipidemia p=0,001; OR=4,31; CI=1,74 ndash; 10,65 . Operator mempunyai pajanan stressor kerja dan menderita dislipidemia paling banyak dibandingkan area kerja lainnya masing-masing sebanyak 71,4 . Secara statistik hubungan tingkat stres dengan dislipidemia tidak bermakna. Stres kerja mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap dislipidemia melalui stresor konflik peran, pengembangan karir, beban kerja kuantitatif berlebih dan jumlah stressor kerja ?

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ABSTRACT

Dyslipidemia In Workers Introduction Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease which is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. There is growing evidence of a relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease. Some studies have associated job stress with altered lipid levels, it reinforces the existence of a relationship between job stress to cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the job stressors and other risk factors with the incidence trend of dyslipidemia in the oil and gas industry workers.Research methodology This study conducted a cross sectional design with comparative analysis. This study used secondary data of the GME results in 2013 and job stress job stressor using the Stress Diagnostic Survey .

Research result The prevalence of dyslipidemia from 142 respondents was59.9 . Job stressors that influence dyslipidemia are role conflict OR 3.09 CI 1.52 to 6.27, p 0.001 , career development OR 3.12 CI 1.50 to 6.47 p 0.002 , and quantitative excessive workload OR 2.92 CI 1.42 to 6.02, p 0.003 . The most influential risk factors for dyslipidemia is the Body Mass Index OR 191.83 CI 31.69 to 1161.33 p 0.001 . There is a significant association between job stressors 3 to dyslipidemia p 0.001 OR 4.31 CI 1.74 to10.65 . Operator had exposed job stressor and suffered dyslipidemia greater than other work area each as much as 71,4 . Statistically the relationship between stress levels with dyslipidemia was not significant. Job stress has a significant relationship to dyslipidemia through role conflict, career development , quantitative and excessive workload, and amount of job stressor 3. Keywords dyslipidemia, SDS, job stress, job stressors."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung koroner PJK merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia dengan penyumbang terbesar adalah infark miokard. Salah satu obat dalam penanganan PJK adalah Nitrat organik sebagai donor NO namun tidak dapat digunakan dalam jangka panjang. l-sitrulin berfungsi sebagai donor l-arginin yang akan dimetabolisme menjadi NO. Selain sebagai vasodilator, l-sitrulin juga menurunkan adhesi leukosit dan antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari potensi kardioprotektif L-citrulline terhadap infark miokard yang diinduksi oleh Isoproterenol dengan fokus pada aktivitas antioksidan.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 tikus Wistar jantan berbobot 190-220gr yang dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok 1 dan 2 menerima air sementara kelompok 3 dan 4 menerima 300mg/kgBB dosis rendah dan 600mg/kgBB dosis tinggi l-sitrulin per hari peroral setiap hari. Induksi dilakukan dengan injeksi subkutan 85mg/kgBB isoproterenol pada hari ke-4 dan 5 untuk kelompok 2,3 dan 4 sementara kelompok 1 menerima normal saline. Tekanan darah dan EKG diukur pada hari ke-3 dan 6. Subyek dikorbankan pada hari ke-6 untuk mengumpulkan sampel darah dan jaringan untuk pengukuran biomarker dan evaluasi histopatologi.Hasil: Induksi menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah dan perubahan EKG dan pemberian l-sitrulin gagal menunjukkan efek proteksi yang signifikan. Suplementasi l-sitrulin gagal menunjukkan efek proteksi pada kadar AST dan LDH namun berhasil pada evaluasi histopatologis. Suplementasi l-sitrulin berhasil menunjukkan efek antioksidatif signifikan pada aktivitas katalase namun gagal pada kadar MDA, aktivitas SOD dan cenderung menurunkan kadar GSH lebih jauh dibandingkan dengan kelompok isoproterenol saja. Suplementasi menunjukkan proteksi terhadap apoptosis.Kesimpulan: Suplementasi l-sitrulin menunjukkan potensi kardioproteksi terhadap infark miokard induksi isoproterenol melalui aktivitas antioksidannya.

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Background Cardiovascular diseases contribute more than 17 million deaths every year with coronary heart disease CHD being the greatest contributor. L citrulline shows potential as supplementation to treat CHD for its vasodilative and antioxidative effects The aim of this study is to find the potential cardioprotective effect of l citrulline against MI, with focus on antioxidants activity.Method This study used 24 male Wistar rats weighed 190 220 grams which divided to 4 groups. 1st and 2nd group received water while 3rd and 4th group received 300mg kgBW low dose and 600mg kgBW high dose of l citrulline daily respectively. Induction were done by injecting isoproterenol 85mg kgBW subcutaneously on day 4 and 5 for group 2,3 and 4 while 1st group served as sham. Blood pressure and ECG were recorded on day 3 and 6. Subjects were sacrificed on day 6 to collect blood and tissue samples for biomarker measurement and histopathological evaluation.Results L citrulline supplementation failed to show significant protective effect on blood pressure and ECG change. L citrulline supplementation failed to show protective effect on blood AST and LDH level but managed to show protective effect on Histopathological evaluation. On antioxidants activity, L citrulline supplementation managed to show significant antioxidative effect on tissue Catalase activity but failed on tissue MDA level, blood SOD activity and lowered tissue GSH level more than Isoproterenol only. Supplementation also showed protection against apoptosis.Conclusion L citrulline supplementation shows some potential cardioprotective effect through its antioxidant activities."

"Latar Belakang : Hipertensi pulmoner (HP) merupakan faktor independen kematian, kematian kardiovaskular, dan gagal jantung pada pengamatan 4 tahun pasien pascabedah katup mitral. Masalah pasien pascabedah thoraks adalah menurunnya fisiologi dan mekanik paru yang menyebabkan gangguan ventilasi perfusi dan hypoxia induced pulmonary vasoconstriction sehingga perbaikan HP pascabedah menjadi lambat. Tujuan Penelitian : Menilai efek latihan pernapasan sebagai adjuvan latihan fisik yang terstruktur terhadap penurunan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner (TSAP) pada pasien pascabedah katup mitral dengan hipertensi pulmoner. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental acak tersamar ganda dan prospektif. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan latihan pernapasan 50% volume inspirasi maksimal (VIM) sebagai adjuvan latihan fisik atau plasebo pada kelompok kontrol selama rehabilitasi fase 2. Sampel diambil secara konsekutif dari populasi terjangkau pascaoperasi katup mitral yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan 43 subyek yang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yakni 21 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 22 orang kelompok kontrol. TSAP dinilai dengan ekokardiografi sebelum dan sesudah program latihan. Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan nilai TSAP sesudah latihan pada kelompok kontrol lebih rendah secara signifikan (35 (29-39) mmHg vs 43 (40-51) mmHg;P<0.001) dan ∆TSAP kelompok perlakuan lebih besar secara signifikan (16 (12-30) mmHg vs 3.5 (2-4) mmHg;P<0.001) bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan TSAP yang lebih besar pada kelompok yang mendapatkan latihan pernapasan 50% VIM dibanding kelompok plasebo.

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Background: Pulmonary hypertension is an independent factor for mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and heart failure in four years observation of patients underwent mitral valve operation. In patient with open chest surgery, lung physiology and mechanic function deteriorates. This leads to ventilation perfusion mismatch and hypoxia induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, causing problems in recovery post operatively.

Objectives: To study the effect of respiratory training as an adjuvant to structured physical exercise in the decrease of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patient with pulmonary hypertension post mitral valve surgery.

Methods: a double blind randomized trial was done, dividing 2 groups of subjects. It company the effect of respiratory training of 50% of maximum inspiratory volume (MIV) as an adjuvant intervention to the current phase 2 rehabilitation program in intervention group vs control group. Sample was taken consecutively in patient underwent mitral valve operation and fulfilled inclusion criteria. 43 subjects were divided in 2 groups. 21 patients were given respiratory training and 22 patients were in the placebo group. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was measured by echocardiography before and after intervention was performed.

Result: sPAP and ∆sPAP in the intervention group were significantly lower compare to the placebo group; (35 (29-39) mmHg vs 43 (40-51) mmHg; p<0.001) and (16 (12-30) mmHg vs 3.5 (2-4) mmHg; p<0.001).

Conclusion: The decrease of sPAP was found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than placebo."

"ABSTRACTinflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis play important roles after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) event. The most studied inflammatory biomarker in cardiovascular disease is C-reactive protein (CRP). It has been demonstrated that myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) have some essential roles on immune system when an AMI event occurs. We aimed to determine the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation at the dose of 600 mg 3 times daily for 3 consecutive days on the immune system of AMI patients.Methods: our randomized single-blinded experimental study using pre- and post-treatment evaluations was performed at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Indonesia, from May to August 2018. Thirty-two patients with AMI and ST segment elevation (STEMI) who received fibrinolytic therapy were included. There were 17 patients received standard therapy plus 600 mg oral NAC supplementation every 8 h for 3 days and 15 patients received standard therapy, which served as the control group. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), MPO, and Gal-3 levels of both groups were evaluated at admission and after 72 h receiving treatment. Results: HsCRP, MPO, and Gal-3 levels between NAC and control groups at admission were not significantly different; while intergroup differences after 72 h of NAC supplementation were significant (p values of HsCRP, MPO, and Gal-3 levels were 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, in the NAC group, HsCRP, MPO, and Gal-3 levels at 72 h after treatment were significantly different from the corresponding levels at admission (p values: 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively); the control group did not show these differences. There were also significant intergroup differences between the NAC and control groups regarding HsCRP, MPO, and Gal-3 levels (p values: 0.011, 0.022, and 0.014, respectively).Conclusion: oral supplementation of 600 mg NAC every 8 h for 72 h can reduce HsCRP, MPO, and Gal-3 levels in AMI patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy. Results of our study will provide more options for supplementation therapy to improve management of IMA patients."

"ABSTRAKJemaah haji asal Jawa Barat yang meninggal selama menunaikan ibadah haji setiap tahun cenderung meningkat, meskipun pemerintah telah berupaya maksimal memberikan kemudahan mulai dari bimbingan peribadahan sampai pelayanan kesehatan. Bahkan pelayanan kesehatan ini diberikan sejak di tanah air, berupa pemeriksaan kesehatan, yang dimulai dari tingkat Puskesmas, di Daerah Tingkat II dan di Pelabuhan Embarkasi/Asrama haji sebelum jemaah yang bersangkutan diberangkatkan ke Tanah suci. Yang menarik adalah penyebab kematian jemaah yang didominasi oleh penyakit yang sebetulnya dibawa oleh jemaah dari Tanah air. Penyakit yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian jemaah haji adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler. Ternyata penyakit ini pula yang paling banyak diderita oleh calon jemaah haji.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana pengaruh penyakit kardiovaskuler terhadap kematian jemaah haji asal Jawa Barat dan faktor-faktor lain yang turut mempengaruhinya.Rancangan penelitian menggunakan kasus kontrol tanpa matching dengan jumlah sampel kasus sebanyak 191 orang (sesuai jumlah jemaah yang meninggal) dan kontrol yang diambil secara acak sederhana dari jemaah yang tidak meninggal juga sebanyak 191 orang, sehingga total sampel 382 orang. Tidak termasuk ke dalam sampel adalah Petugas dan jemaah haji ONH Plus.Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat yang terdiri atas analisis stratifikasi dan regresi logistic unconditional. Perangkat lunak yang dipergunakan adalah Stata versi 4.0.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko kematian jemaah haji yang menderita penyakit kardiovaskuler 2,2 kali dibanding jemaah haji yang tidak menderita penyakit kardiovaskuler, setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur dan pendidikan. Makin tua umur jemaah haji, risiko kematiannya lebih tinggi, sedangkan pendidikan bersifat protektif, artinya makin tinggi tingkat pendidikan, risiko kematiannya makin rendah. Sedangkan jenis kelamin dan waktu pemberangkatan, pengaruhnya tidak bermakna.71,73 % jemaah haji meninggal di luar waktu pelaksanaan ibadah haji yang sesungguhnya dan 31,41 % jemaah haji meninggal sebelum sempat melaksanakan ibadah haji.Untuk menyelamatkan jemaah haji dengan risiko tinggi, perlu dijajagi kemungkinan membentuk dokter khusus bagi jemaah haji risiko tinggi, yang diberangkatkan pada akhir musim pemberangkatan dan pulangnya pada awal musim pemulangan.

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ABSTRACT

The Collective Pilgrimage to Mecca (jemaah haji) from West Java who died during carrying `ibadah haji = act of pilgrimage devotion' out were tended increase every year, although the government has made maximally effort to provide the facilities from the guidance of observance of religious duties up to the health service. In fact, this health service is served since in father land, such as health examination, it is started from the level of Public Health Center, in the Second Level Region and in the Airport's Embarkation/Pilgrimage Dormitory before the concerned congregations will be embarked to the Holly Land (Mecca). The interesting is the cause of `jemaah's death which is dominated by a disease which is really had by `jemaah' from the Father Land. Disease is a main cause of death of `jemaah haji' is that cardiovascular. This disease is really also most had by the candidate of `jemaah haji'.

This study purpose is to know the extent which the effect of cardiovascular disease against the death of 'jemaah haji' from West Java and other factors which influence its.

Study design used the unmatched cases control with the quantity of case samples are 191 persons (in accordance with the `jemaah haji' number who died) and control is simple randomly taken from the 'jemaah haji' who were not died as much 191 persons, so total samples were 382 persons. Excluding from the samples are officials and `jemaah haji ONH Plus'.

Data processing used the univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis which consisted of stratification analysis and unconditional logistic regression. Software used is the Stata Version 4.0.

Results of study showed that the risk of 'jemaah haji's death who had the cardiovascular disease was 2.2 times rather than `jemaah haji' who did not have the cardiovascular disease, after they were controlled by both age and educational variables. Older their age, higher their death risk, where as education has protective characteristic, it is meant the higher educational level, the lower death risk. Where as, sex and departure time have unsignificant effect.

71.73 % of the `jemaah haji' died out of the implementation of actually `ibadah haji' and 31.41 % died before having sufficient time to implement that `ibadah haji'.

For saving the high risk `jemaah haji', a possibility is necessarily sounded out to establish the special flight group for the high risk `jemaah haji', who are embarked in the last season of embarkation and their action of doing back in the early season of their going back.

References : 47 (1964 - 1997)"