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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pada teknik radiografi digitized, image enhancement dilakukanuntuk memperbaiki kualitas gambar dengan mengoptimalkan brightness dancontrast. Tujuan: Mengetahui rentang nilai yang dapat ditoleransi padapengaturan brightness dan contrast pada abses apikalis kronis dan granulomaapikalis. Metode: Dilakukan pengaturan image enhancement dengan mengubahnilai brightness dan contrast pada 60 radiograf dengan diagnosis abses apikaliskronis dan granuloma apikalis. Hasil: Rentang nilai yang dapat ditoleransi padapengaturan brightness dan contrast dalam interpretasi abses apikalis kronis dangranuloma apikalis berkisar dari -10 hingga +10. Kesimpulan: Pengaturanbrightness dan contrast radiograf tidak mempengaruhi interpretasi radiografikapabila pengaturan dilakukan dalam rentang nilai toleransinya.

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ABSTRACTBackground: In digitized radiography techniques, adjusment of imageenhancement can be done to improve image quality by optimizing brightness andcontrast. Objective: To determine the value range of brightness and contrastadjustment on chronic apical abscess and apical granuloma interpretation.Methods: 60 radiographs diagnosed chronic apical abscess apical granulomawere adjusted by changing brightness and contrast values. Results: The valuerange of brightness and contrast adjustments on radiographic interpretation ofchronic apical abscess and apical granuloma ranging from -10 to +10.Conclusion: Brightness and contrast adjustments on digital radiograph do notaffect radiographic interpretation if conducted within the value range."

"Latar Belakang: Penerapan teknik image enhancement pada radiografi digital saat ini dilakukan berdasarkan preferensi subjektif pengamat. Pengaturan peningkatan citra dilakukan untuk memperjelas citra radiografi, antara lain dengan mengubah kecerahan dan kontras, sehingga memudahkan interpretasi dalam penanganan kasus. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui toleransi nilai kecerahan dan kontras pada radiografi digital kasus periodontitis apikal dan abses apikal dini yang gambaran radiografinya sulit dibedakan. Metode: Menyesuaikan pengaturan peningkatan gambar dengan menyesuaikan nilai kecerahan dan kontras pada nilai +10, +15, -10, -15 yang akan diamati, diproses, dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak analisis data. Hasil: Kisaran nilai yang dapat ditoleransi dalam pengaturan peningkatan dan penurunan kecerahan dan kontras pada kasus periodontitis apikal dan abses apikal dini adalah di bawah +10 dan di bawah -10. Kesimpulan: Mengatur kecerahan dan kontras ke nilai di atas 10 untuk peningkatan dan penurunan dapat mengubah informasi diagnostik secara signifikan.

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Background: The application of image enhancement techniques in digital radiography is currently carried out based on the subjective preference of the observer. Image enhancement settings are made to clarify the radiographic image, among others by changing the brightness and contrast, so as to facilitate interpretation in case management. Objective: To determine the tolerance for brightness and contrast values ​​on digital radiography of cases of apical periodontitis and early apical abscess whose radiographic features are difficult to distinguish. Method: Adjust the image enhancement settings by adjusting the brightness and contrast values ​​at +10, +15, -10, -15 values ​​to be observed, processed, and analyzed using data analysis software. Results: The range of tolerable values ​​in the setting of increasing and decreasing brightness and contrast in cases of apical periodontitis and early apical abscess was below +10 and below -10. Conclusion: Setting the brightness and contrast to values ​​above 10 for increase and decrease can significantly change the diagnostic information."

"Latar belakang: Kondisi penyakit periodontal dapat diidentifikasi dengan pemeriksaan klinis dan radiografi.Pada teknik radiografi digitaldapat dilakukan image enhancement untuk memperbaiki kualitas gambar dengan mengoptimalkan brightness dan contrast. Tujuan :Mengetahui batasan valueyang dapat ditoleransi pada pengaturan brightnessdan contrast pada kasus periodontitis mild - moderate.Metode :Dilakukan image enhancementdengan mengubah brightnessdan contrastpada 100 radiograf dengan kasus periodontitis mild-moderatedengan interval poin -20,-10, +10 dan +20 pada setiap sampel pada masing-masing kelompok menggunakan program software Digora for Windows. Hasil :Valueyang dapat ditoleransi pada pengaturan brightness pada kasus periodontitis mild-moderateberkisarpada valuedibawah +10 dan yang dapat ditoleransi dalam pengaturan contrastberkisardari valuediatas -20.Kesimpulan :Pengaturan brightnessdan contrastdilakukan pada valuetersebut tidak akan mempengaruhi ataupun mengubah interpretasi radiografik periodontitis mild - moderatejika dilakukan pada value toleransinya.

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Background :Periodontal disease condition can be checked by clinical and radiograph examination. In digital radiography techniques, image enhancement can be done to improve image quality by optimizing brightness and contrast. Objective :To determine the limit of values that can be tolerated in brightness and contrast setting in mild-moderate periodontitis cases. Methods :Adjust the image enhancement setting by changing the brightness and contrast of 100 radiographs with mild-moderate periodontitis with points intervals of -20, -10, +10 and +20 each sample in each group using the Digora for Windows. Result :Values that can be tolerated in brightness setting in interpretation of mild-moderate periodontitis rangeat values below +10 and values that can be tolerated in contrast setting rangefrom values above -20. Conclusion :Brightness and contrast adjustment made at these values will not affect the radiographic interpretation of mild-moderate periodontitis if carried out at their tolerance values."

"ABSTRAK

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui nilai batas toleransi pengaturan brightness dan

contrast pada radiograf digitized dengan diagnosis periodontitis apikalis dan abses

dini. Metode: Pengaturan brightness dan contrast pada 60 radiograf periapikal

dengan periodontitis apikalis dan abses dinioleh 2 pengamat. Uji reliabilitas

dengan Kappa Coefficient dan kemaknaan dengan uji wilcoxon. Hasil: Nilai batas

toleransi periodontitis apikalis adalah -5 dan +5, abses dini adalah -10 dan +10,

dan gabungan keduanya adalah -5 dan +5. Kesimpulan: Pengaturan nilai

brightness dan contrast yang terlalu tinggi dapat mengubah evaluasi lesi

pulpoperiapikal dan diagnosis banding lesi pulpoperiapikal.

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ABSTRACT

Objective: To measure the tolerance limit value of brightness and contrast

adjustment on digitized radiograph with apical periodontitis and early abscess.

Method: Brightness and contrast adjustment on 60 periapical radiograph with

apical periodontitis and early abscess made by 2 observers. Reliabilities tested by

Kappa Coeficient and significancy tested by wilcoxon test. Results: Tolerance

limit value for apical periodontitis is -5 and +5, early abscess is -10 and +10, and

both is -5 and +5. Conclusion: Brightness and contrast adjustment which not

appropriate can alter the evaluation and differential diagnosis of periapical lesion."

"Latar Belakang : Penyebab kegagalan perawatan saluran akar adalah kebocoran apeks yang ditentukan oleh teknik pengisian saluran akar. Tujuan : Untuk menganalisis kebocoran sepertiga apeks pada pengisian saluran akar menggunakan GuttaCore™. Metode : Dua puluh delapan gigi premolar bawah yang telah dilakukan pengisian saluran akar, diinkubasi (37°C, 24 jam), kemudian direndam dalam tinta india selama 7X24 jam. Sampel didekalsifikasi sampai transparan. Kedalaman penetrasi tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Hasil : Seluruh pengisian dengan GuttaCore™ terlihat adanya penetrasi tinta sedalam 0-0.5 mm. Kesimpulan : Hasil pengisian saluran akar dengan teknik GuttaCore™ dapat menurunkan tingkat kebocoran di sepertiga apeks.

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Background : The cause of endodontic treatment failure is apical leakage determined by root obturation technique. Aim:To analyze leakage in apical third with GuttaCore™ obturation. Method : Twenty eight lower premolars were obturated and incubated (37*C, 24 hours) then immersed in indian ink for 7x24 hours. Samples were decalcified until transparent. Depth of ink penetration was evaluated using stereo microscope. Result: All obturation using GuttaCore™ technique resulted in 0-0.5 mm ink penetration Conclusion : Root obturation with GuttaCore technique is able to decrease leakage in apical third"

"Praktik residensi keperawatan medikal bedah yang dilakukan selama dua semester telah memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan gangguan neurologi, melakukan telaah evidence based nursing dan proyek inovasi yang dilakukan di RS Pusat Otak Nasional. Peran pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada kasus kelolaan utama yaitu dengan abses serebri dan 30 pasien resume menggunakan teori adapatasi Roy. Perilaku maladaptif paling banyak adalah pada mode adaptasi fisiologi. Penerapan EBN tentang intervensi tehnik relaksasi Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) yang dirangkai dengan Shavasana untuk mengatasi Post Stroke Anxiety (PSA). Pelaksanaan proyek inovasi penerapan Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) pada pasien pasca stroke di RS PON.

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The medical surgical nursing residency practice which was carried out for two semesters has provided nursing care for patients with neurological disorders, conducted evidence-based nursing studies and innovation projects carried out at National Brain Center Hospital Jakarta. The role of providing nursing care in the main cases, namely brain abscess and 30 resume patients using Roy's adaptation theory. Most maladaptive behavior is in the physiological adaptation mode. Application of EBN regarding Progressive Muscle relaxation (PMR) technique with Shavasana on Post Stroke Anxiety (PSA). Implementation of innovation project implementing the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in stroke patients at National Brain Center hospital Jakarta."

"Abses tuberkulosis spinal merupakan salah satu komplikasi serius dari infeksi tuberkulosis yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan neurologis dan sulitnya eradikasi kuman. Tata laksana operatif dengan debridemen terbuka sering kali dipilih. Namun, teknik minimal invasif telah mulai dikembangkan, termasuk Teknik Evakuasi Abses Sistem Tertutup (EAST), meski datanya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai luaran klinis dan laboratoris pada pasien yang menjalani EAST dibandingkan debridemen terbuka. Penelitian retrospektif ini melibatkan 48 pasien yang menjalani salah satu dari kedua teknik tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa EAST menghasilkan nyeri pascaoperasi lebih rendah (VAS 2 vs. 4; p<0,001) dan panjang jaringan parut lebih kecil (0 cm vs. 12 cm; p<0,001) dibandingkan debridemen terbuka. Durasi rawat inap lebih singkat secara median pada kelompok EAST, meski tidak signifikan (2 vs. 3 hari; p=0,06). Namun, angka rekurensi lebih tinggi pada teknik EAST (2 kasus vs. 0). Kedua teknik menunjukkan hasil serupa dalam kadar CRP dan Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa EAST menawarkan alternatif minimal invasif dengan hasil klinis lebih baik, tetapi memerlukan perhatian terhadap risiko rekurensi. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memastikan temuan ini dan mengevaluasi keamanan jangka panjang teknik EAST.

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Spinal tuberculosis abscess is one of the serious complications of tuberculosis infection that can lead to neurological damage and difficulty in eradicating the pathogen. Open debridement surgery is often chosen. However, minimally invasive techniques, including closed system abscess evacuation (CSAE), have been developed, although data remains limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and laboratory outcomes of patients undergoing CSAE compared to open debridement. This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between the Closed Abscess Evacuation System (CSAE) technique and open debridement in spinal tuberculosis abscess cases. This retrospective study involved 48 patients who underwent one of the two techniques. Results showed that CSAE yielded lower postoperative pain (VAS 2 vs. 4; p<0.001) and smaller scar length (0 cm vs. 12 cm; p<0.001) compared to open debridement. Median hospital stay was shorter in the CSAE group, although not statistically significant (2 vs. 3 days; p=0.06). However, the recurrence rate was higher with CSAE (2 cases vs. 0). Both techniques showed similar results in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). These findings suggest that CSAE offers a minimally invasive alternative with better clinical outcomes but requires attention to the risk of recurrence. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and evaluate the long-term safety of the CSAE technique."

"ABSTRAKAmebiasis merupakan penyakit yang umum yang banyak ditemukan di negara berkembang. Namun hanya sedikit yang bermanifestasi klinis menjadi kolitis amuba. Komplikasi yang paling sering dijumpai adalah abses hati amuba. Abses hati selain disebabkan oleh amuba dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri yang dikenal sebagai abses hati piogenik. Untuk dapat menegakkan penyebab abses hati yang disebabkan oleh amuba maka selain anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik, dibutuhkan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti pemeriksaan serologi antigen dan antibodi Entamoeba histolytica. Namun pada praktek klinis, jarang sekali pemeriksaan serologi ini dilakukan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mencoba untuk melihat profil pasien dengan dugaan abses hati amuba yang sampelnya dikirimkan ke laboratorium parasitologi FKUI untuk pemeriksaan antibodi E. histolytica serta menilai hubungan antara gejala klinis/tanda tersebut dengan hasil serologi. Sampel diambil dari data pasien RSCM yang sampelnya dikirimkan ke laboratorium parasitologi FKUI dengan dugaan abses hati berupa keluhan utama, pemeriksaan fisik dan hasil laboratorium dan hasil serologinya diambil dari hasil pemeriksaan ELISA antibodi Entamoeba histolytica. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien yang positif serologi antibodi E. histolytica adalah pasien dari kelompok umur 26-45 tahun dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Sedangkan manifestasi klinis yang ditemukan pada pasien tersebut dari yang terbanyak adalah hepatomegali, klinis abses hati, nyeri perut, abdominal discomfort, berat badan turun, diare, muntah, efusi pleura dan mual. Yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan hasil serologi positif antibodi E. histolytica hanya hepatomegali. Dari data laboratorium ditemukan sebagian besar pasien memiliki hasil laboratorium normal. Namun ada beberapa pasien yang mengalami penurunan hemoglobin dan hematokrit, leukositosis, peningkatan laju endap darah serta peningkatan fungsi hati SGOT dan SGPT.

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ABSTRACTAmebiasis is a common disease that is found in many developing countries. Yet few have clinically manifested as amoebic colitis. The most common complication is an amoebic liver abscess. A liver abscess other than caused by amoeba can be caused by a bacterium known as a pyogenic liver abscess. To be able to determine the cause of liver abscess caused by amoeba, beside anamnesis and physical examination, laboratory examination such as serological antigen and antibody of Entamoeba histolytica is needed. However, in clinical practice, this serology test is hardly performed. Therefore, this study attempted to look at the profile of the patient with suspected liver abscess whose sample was sent to the parasitology laboratory FMUI for E. histolytica antibody examination and assess the association between the clinical signs with serology results. Samples data were taken from Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital patient whose samples were sent to parasitology laboratory FMUI with suspected liver abscess in the form of main complaint, physical examination and laboratory result. Additionally, serology result was taken from antibody of Entamoeba histolytica ELISA examination. The results showed that most of the positive serologically patients of E. histolytica antibodies were patients at the 26 45 age group and from male group. While the clinical manifestations found in these patients subsequently are hepatomegaly, clinical liver abscess, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, pleural effusion and nausea. It is only hepatomegaly that has a significant association with serologic positive results for E. histolytica antibodies. From the laboratory data, most patients have normal laboratory results. However, there were some patients who experienced decreased of hemoglobin and hematocrit, leukocytosis, increased blood sedimentation rate and increased liver function of AST and ALT."

"The treatment of diabetes mellitus patient who had periodontal abscess requires a careful management and good cooperation with an internist. Periodontal abscess management technique on diabetic patient is not quite different from other periodontal diseases nevertheless the dentist needs to complete examination, mainly blood glucose level must be checked, pre and post treatment. The objective of this report is to know the result of periodontal abscess management in uncontrol diabetic patient aged 55 years by flap approach technique, it showed satisfactory result two months after treatment."

"The use of instruments, such as files and reamers, to open the orifice and cleaning-shaping procedure, in a curved canal in excess of 20-degree angle without precurving instrument and irrigation may form a ledge in the canal. Treatment failure may result due to an inadequate cleaning at the apical third of the canal. This failure may be prevented by eliminating the ledge-correction of the curved canals. The purpose of this case is to highlight the importance of careful use of endodontic instruments to avoid ledging. Therefore knowledge of tooth morphology and the use of files in curved canals is an important factor."