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"ZnO/NiBi2O4, NiBi2O4, dan ZnO berhasil disintesis secara green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak daun patikan kebo (EDPK) dalam sistem dua fasa melalui metode sol gel. Hasil sintesis dilakukan karakterisasi menggunakan Spektroskopi FTIR, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis DRS, XRD, dan FE-SEM. Kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, saponin, dan steroid pada ekstrak daun patikan kebo berperan penting dalam proses sintesisyang telah dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR dan Spektrofotometer UV- Vis. Alkaloid berperan sebagai sumber basa lemah sedangkan saponin berperan sebagai capping agent dalam proses sintesis. Didapatkan nilai band gap untuk ZnO/NiBi2O4, NiBi2O4, ZnO masing masing sebesar 2,72eV, 1,83 eV, dan 3,11 eV yang diukur dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis DRS. Hasil studi aktivitas fotokatalitik ZnO/NiBi2O4 menunjukkan degradasi malasit hijau yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ZnO dan NiBi2O4. Persentase degradasi malasit hijau 5 mg nanokomposit ZnO/NiBi2O4, nanopartikel NiBi2O4, dan nanopartikel ZnO masing masing sebesar 92,30%, 77,33%, dan 55,99 dibawah sinar tampak selama 120 menit.

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In this rearch, ZnO/NiBi2O4, NiBi2O4, and ZnO were successfully synthesized by green synthesis using patikan kebo leaf extract (EDPK) in a two-phase system using the sol gel method. The results of the synthesis were characterized using FTIR Spectroscopy, UV- Vis Spectrophotometer DRS, XRD, and FE-SEM. The content of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, and steroids in patikan kebo leaf extract plays an important role in the synthesis process which has been characterized by FTIR and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Alkaloids act as a source of weak bases while saponins act as capping agents in the synthesis process. The band gap values for ZnO/NiBi2O4, NiBi2O4, ZnO were 2.72eV, 1.83 eV, and 3.11 eV, respectively, as measured by the DRS UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the study on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO/NiBi2O4 showed better degradation of green malachite than ZnO and NiBi2O4. The degradation percentage of 5 mg green malachite nanocomposite ZnO/NiBi2O4, NiBi2O4 nanoparticles, and ZnO nanoparticles were 92.30%, 77.33%, and 55.99 respectively under visible light for 120 minutes."

"Azo dye is one of the synthetic organic dye groups most widely used in the textile industry. The release of this component into the environment can be harmful to the living organisms and the ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to treat wastewater containing dye before it is discharged into the water bodies. The decolorization using mono- or mixed culture has been developed for decades because of its environmental friendly and evidence of completely mineralization. Sixteen species of pure culture bacteria derived from aerobic-anoxic membrane bioreactor were used for biodegradation of azo dye Remazol Black 5 using tempe industrial wastewater as co-substrate. The optimum co-substrate concentration for biomass growth under shaking condition was 40% v/v or 2,560-2,720 mg COD/L, while dye decolorization under this condition was not significant. The azo dye biodegradation in anaerobic condition was best shown by the Isolate A1A, Exiguobacterium sp. A2, and Bacillus sp. A4 with removal efficiency of 43.82%, 29.94% and 35.91% respectively. The highest color degrading bacteria were also the highest organics removing bacteria. It was confirmed that dye docolorization process required a carbon source addition."

"Limbah pewarna Remazol Brilliant Blue merupakan salah satu limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari industri tekstil dan berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Metode Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis CGDE merupakan metode yang efektif untuk mendegradasi limbah pewarna dengan memproduksi radikal bull-OH yang akan digunakan dalam proses degradasi limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kedalaman anoda, suhu, dan laju alir injeksi udara terhadap produksi radikal hidroksil dan degradasi pewarna Remazol Brilliant Blue. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam reaktor batch dengan elektrolit NaCl 0,03 M. Variasi yang dilakukan berupa kedalaman anoda yaitu 0,5 cm; 2 cm; 4 cm, suhu sebesar 40oC; 50oC; 60oC, serta laju alir injeksi udara sebesar 0 lpm dan 2,5 lpm. Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji karakteristik arus tegangan, uji produksi radikal hidroksil, dan uji degradasi pewarna. Degradasi Remazol Brilliant Blue mencapai 96,15 dalam waktu 30 menit dimana tegangan 750 V, konsentrasi larutan NaCl 0,03 M, penambahan ion Fe2 40 ppm, kedalaman anoda 2 cm, suhu 50oC, dan laju alir injeksi udara 2,5 lpm. Dengan kondisi yang sama, metode ini dapat menurunkan nilai COD sebesar 93,06.

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Remazol Brilliant Blue dye waste is one of the liquid waste produced from the textile industry and harmful to the environment. Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis CGDE method is an effective method to degrade dye waste by producing OH radicals which will be used in liquid waste degradation process. This study aims to determine the effect of anode depth, temperature, and flow rate of air injection on the production of hydroxyl radicals and dye degradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue. This research was conducted in batch reactor with electrolyte NaCl 0,03 M. Variation which done is anode depth which is 0,5 cm 2 cm 4 cm, temperature of 40oC 50oC 60oC, and air injection flow rate of 0 lpm and 2.5 lpm. The research was conducted by voltage ndash current characteristic test, hydroxyl radical production test, and dye degradation test. Remazol Brilliant Blue degradation reached 96.15 within 30 minutes where the tension was 750 V, 0.03 M NaCl solution concentration, Fe2 40 ppm, 2 cm anode depth, 50oC temperature, and 2.5 lpm air injection flow rate. Under the same conditions, this method can reduce the COD value by 93.06."

"Luasnya aplilfasi aluminium dalam kelzidzqmn selzari-lmri memunculkan tcmtangun Serta peluung baru, yairu bagaimana nzenunerralmnkan kualitas produk-produk aluminum. _Te/mologi yang digunalcan dalam usaha menynroreksi aluminium l¢3hS'(3blll ialah anodixasi. Melalui pro.s'¢{,s' eleklrokimia unluf: menqnrocluksi lapisrm npis olrsiclu pada permulcaau aluminium, sclain mampu meredulcvi fceceparan korosi, tekrmlogi terxebur memberilrcm karakterisrili permulman yang dapar diwamai sesuai dengan ngjuun dekorasiSa/all saw proses anodisasi ialah anodisasi ripe II dengan elekrralir usam sulfur 20nC. fegangan 15 volt dan rapa! arus I-l,5 A/dmz. Jenis pruses an0d'isu.s‘i asain suU`af dipilih lrarena prose.s'nyu yang memeriukan ala! serif: bahan yang mudah d1peroleh.s'er'ra sesuai dengan fllflldff dekorasi.Penclirian lfali ini inenekankcm padcr pemcmfaarcm izilai-nilai optimal atus parameter proses yang Ielalz digariskcm oleli lirerarur, uniuk menglmsilkan pmdulc unodisusi berikuf pewarnaarmyu. Parumerer proses yan-_sg dimuksud dicmfurwlvu iululr, lconsenrrasi elekrroiii usam suU'ar sebesar 15%, rapai arus yang dipergzmakan J- 1,5 A-klnrg, .Sullu eleklrolir .vcbesar ZOUC, fegangan 15 vol! Serta merodu pewamaan czfm-'e coloring (pewarnaan celzqo) K;Cr2()7pada sulfu 500C.Anodisavi diarahkan untuk nxenglzasilkan ketebalan Iapisan oksida sebesar 17 milcron yang merupakan kefehalun mukeimum yung dapar dilmsilkan melalui proses mr0¢lisusi usam sulfur. Melalui penganmran was lcelebalan, pewarnaau _vang nzerzgalraxilkan warna kzming kecmasun yung baik dapar dqaeroleh "

"ABSTRAKLimbah grafit ex-elektrolisis hanya digunakan secara ulang maupun fuller pada industri baja dan sangat melimpah keberadaan. Grafit memiliki sifat yang berongga, sehingga dalam penelitian limbah grafit ex-elektrolisis akan dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben untuk pewarna tekstil. Adsoben digunakan untuk penghilang zat warna untuk tekstil karena pewarna tekstil memberikan dampak buruk bagi ekosistem. Hal ini dikarenakan pewarna tekstil merupakan senyawa organik yang dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh mahluk hidup. Adsorben ini dibuat dari grafit yang dipanaskan dengan suhu 80 °C untuk menghilangkan pengotor. Adsorben ini dimodifikasi dengan menggunakan kitosan dan lantanum. Kitosan berfungsi untuk mengikat logam dengan gugus amina dan lantanum mampu mengikat pewarna tekstil dalam bentuk ion negative. Adsorben diuji karakteristiknya dengan FESEM-EDX, FTIR, dan BET. Adsoben ini dimodifikasi dengan kitosan dan lantanum sehingga adsorbansi pewarna tekstil akan semkin tinggi. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa penambahan lantanum dan kitosan tidak memberikan dampak positif. Model adsorbsi isotermal yang sesuai untuk adsorben adalah model Freundlich dan model kinetika yang sesuai adalah pseudo kinetika orde pertama

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ABSTRAKEx-electrolysis graphite waste is only used by regenerate graphite to process or as fuller in steel and iron industry and has abundant stock in nature now days. Graphite is a porous material so in this experiment, we utilize the graphite waste as dye adsorbent. Adsorbent is used for dye removal because dye gives bad effect in ecosystem. Adsorbent was made using graphite activation with heating over 200 oC. Adsorbent is modified using chitosan and lanthanum to enhance dye adsorption. Chitosan used to bond with dye by amine chain and lanthanum could bind dye by free orbital. Characteristic test that will be used is FESEM-EDX, FTIR and BET. Lanthanum and chitosan modificatied graphite doesn?t give positive result. Isothermal adsorbtion model that compatible with the adsorbent is Freundlic model and kinetic model is first order pseudo kinetic."

"Nanokomposit ZnO/CuO dengan lima variasi molar ZnO:CuO (1:3, 1:1, 1:0.5, 1:0.3, dan 1:0.1) telah disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel. Pengukuran X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), dan UV-Visible spectroscopy dilakukan untuk mengindentifikasi struktur, morfologi, luas permukaan, resonansi ion-ion, dan nilai celah energi dari nanokomposit. Aktivitas katalitik dari nanokomposit ZnO/CuO diuji dibawah pemaparan cahaya visible, ultraviolet, ultrasonik, dan gabungan antara visible/UV dengan ultrasonik dalam mendegradasi larutan pewarna methylene blue (MB). Hasil aktivitas katalitik dari nanokomposit ZnO/CuO menunjukkan aktivitas photosonocatalytic mempunyai performa lebih baik dibandingkan aktivitas photocatalytic dan sonocatalytic. Penambahan beberapa scavenger menunjukkan hole merupakan spesies aktif yang berperan paling penting dalam mekanisme katalitik.

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ZnO/CuO nanocomposites with five different ZnO:CuO ratios (1:3, 1:1, 1:0.5, 1:0.3 and 1:0.1) were prepared using sol-gel method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy were employed to investigate the structural, morphology, surface area, ions resonance and energy band gap of nanocomposites. The catalytic activity of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites were tested under visible light, ultraviolet light, ultrasound irradiation and the combination of visible/UV light with ultrasound irradiation on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution. The observed catalytic activity of nanocomposites shows that photosonocatalytic has better performance than photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activity. The addition of scavengers suggested that holes are the most important active species in the catalytic mechanism."

"This book offers interesting insight into initial works carried out to demonstrate the potential use of bacterial pigment as colorant for various applications."