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"[Pengaruh positif infrstruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi telah menjadi konsensus di antara para ekonom. Akan tetapi beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Walaupun investasi publik untuk infrastruktur relatif kecil tetapi Indonesia berhasil menjaga pertumbuhan ekonominya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data level provinsi di Indionesia, studi ini berusaha mengetahui kontribusi infrastruktur secara agregat dan individual terhadap perkeonomian daerah. Perhitungan regresi menggunakan efek tetap menunjukkan bahwa secara agregat infrastruktur berkontibusi secara positif kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Akan tetapi, studi ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa secara individual setiap tipe infrastruktur berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah kecuali untuk tipe infrastruktur air bersih. Dengan demikian, pembangunan infrastruktur akan lebih baik jika dilakukan secara komprehensif dan integral.;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensus among the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain its economic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure to economic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, this study estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individual infrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, we find that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individual effect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access. Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented;The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented, The positive impact of infrastructure on growth has become a consensusamong the economist. However, many studies provide a mixed evidence. Althoughpublic investment on infrastructure is relatively small, Indonesia can maintain itseconomic growth. This study is aimed to examine contribution of infrastructure toeconomic development in Indonesia. By using provincial data in Indonesia, thisstudy estimates the contribution of aggregate infrastructure and individualinfrastructure on regional economic growth. From the fixed effect estimation, wefind that aggregate infrastructure contribute to the regional economic growth.However, this study does not provide enough evidence to support the individualeffect of infrastructure on regional growth in Indonesia except safe water access.Therefore, the infrastructure development cannot be partially implemented]"

"Agriculture in Indonesia is still an important sector in the economy, while for several outer provinces it constitutes the most important economic activity. However, there exists a wide discrepant in agricultural development between in particular Java/Ball and the eastern part of Indonesia. This is the very central issue which the author intents to capture the attention of policy makers in the field of agricultural development. The most advanced region for agricultural cultivation is highly concentrated on the island of Java, while in many parts of eastern Indonesia agricultural cultivation is still underdeveloped in terms of number of plant varieties, product quality and productivity. And these backward farmers belong to the poor group in the population. This wide discrepant in agricultural development is being demonstrated through a number of tables and personal observations by the author. Soil condition, climate and inputs do of course determine the volume, quality and kind of output, but know-how about agricultural technologies is no less important, and this is lacking in the Eastern regions. Unfortunately, thus far the central as well as the local governments do not put much attention to regional agricultural development. Therefore the government should change this attitude or rather its negligence about the problem, because through education in agricultural technologies and extension services the farmers in the outer regions could improve their agricultural technical know-how, contribute to regional development and hence their income."

"Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak dari ketersediaan infrastruktur jalan, listrik, dan air terhadap perkembangan ekonomi regional di Indonesia melalui beberapa analisis regresi panel data dengan menggunakan data yang terdiri dari 33 provinsi pada periode 2006 hingga 2016. Selain itu, dilakukan juga analisis dengan menggunakan regresi panel data dinamik untuk mengetahui konvergensi antarprovinsi selama periode studi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis model fixed effects, jumlah distribusi listrik per kapita dan persentase rumah tangga dengan akses air minum layak (proxy untuk variabel infrastruktur listrik dan air) memiliki dampak yang positif dan signifikan terhadap ekonomi regional. Di sisi lain, hasil analisis regresi panel data dinamik dengan menggunakan estimator Arellano-Bond menunjukkan bahwa panjang jalan per kapita dan jumlah distribusi listrik per kapita (proxy untuk variabel jalan dan listrik) memiliki dampak yang positif dan signifikan terhadap ekonomi regional dengan elastisitas sebesar 0.134 dan 0.120, berturut-turut. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan terjadinya conditional β-convergence antarprovinsi. Dengan kata lain, provinsi dengan pendapatan lebih rendah cendering memiliki pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lebih tinggi dibandingan provinsi dengan pendapatan lebih tinggi selama periode studi. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan peran penting dari infrastruktur dalam pembangunan ekonomi regional.

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By conducting several panel data regression analyses with a panel data set of 33 provinces from 2006 to 2016, this study tries to analyze the effects of road, electricity and water infrastructures on regional economic development in Indonesia. It also examines, using the dynamic panel data regression model, whether there is regional income convergence across provinces over the study period. According to the result of the fixed effects analysis, per capita amount of electricity and the proportion of households with access to safe water (proxies for electricity and water infrastructures) are found to have significant and positive effects on regional economy. On the other hand, according to the result of the dynamic panel regression analysis by the Arellano-Bond estimator, per capita road length and per capita amount of electricity (proxies for road and electricity infrastructures) are found to have significant and positive effects on regional economy with the elasticities of 0.134 and 0.120, respectively. This study also found that there is a conditional β-convergence across provinces. That is, poorer provinces tend to grow faster than richer provinces over the study period. These observations confirm the importance of infrastructures in the development of regional economy."

"Penelitian ini menganalisa dampak pengembangan infrastruktur dalam Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia (MP3EI) dengan analisa Model Input-Output Antar Daerah. Interaksi antar sektor dan antar wilayah koridor merupakan konsep yang mendasari bagaimana meningkatkan perekonomian suatu wilayah yang diakibatkan adanya permintaan akhir sektor tertentu dan di wilayah tertentu. Peningkatan perekonomian ditandai dengan meningkatnya output dan pendapatan masyarakat serta distribusinya. Sepuluh besar sektor pembangunan yang menjadi sektor kunci pembangunan terbanyak adalah Koridor Ekonomi (KE) II yakni 5 sektor kunci, kemudian KE-V sebanyak 2 sektor kunci, KE-I, KE-III dan KE-VI masing-masing 1 sektor kunci, sedangkan di KE-IV tidak ada sektor kunci yang terkait. Sektor kunci akan sangat mempengaruhi peningkatan output dan pendapatan masyarakat. Besar kecilnya pengaruh tersebut ditentukan oleh angka pengganda output atau pendapatan. Dampak investasi infrastruktur di dalam MP3EI eksisting, belum menunjukkan dampak yang optimum dibandingkan skenario yang dibuat. Pilihan skenario terbaik sesuai komposisi investasi sesuai simulasi yang dibuat adalah sebagai berikut: a). Jika pertimbangannya hanya total output, maka skenario investasi terbaik adalah Skenario-1, Skenario-3, dan Skenario-2; b). Jika pertimbangannya hanya total pendapatan, maka skenario investasi terbaik adalah Skenario-2, Skenario-3 atau Skenario-1; c). Jika pertimbangannya hanya pemerataan output antar daerah, maka skenario investasi terbaik adalah Skenario-3, Skenario-1, dan Skenario-2; dan d). Jika pertimbangannya hanya pemerataan pendapatan antar wilayah, maka skenario terbaik adalah Skenario-3, Skenario-1, dan Skenario-2. Pembangunan perekonomian nasional di luar KE-I dan KE-II sampai saat ini belum dapat diandalkan dalam percepatan dan pemerataan perekonomian, namun memerlukan infrastuktur yang merata dan keberpihakan ke Kawasan Indonsesia Timur, mengingat hasil simulasi Skenario-4 menunjukkan hal yang lebih baik daripada program MP3EI (eksisting).

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This research analyzes the impact of the infrastructure development in the MP3EI to the Indonesia?s economy by using an analysis model of Inter Regional Input-Output (IRIO). Interactions between sectors and between regions of the economic is the underlying concept of how to improve the economy of a region resulting from the existence of a certain sector of the final demand in a particular area. Improved economy characterized by increasing output and income of the community as well as its distribution. Ten major key sectors of the Indonesia development are as follows: Economic Corridor (EC)-II has 5 key sectors, then followed by EC-V with 2 key sectors, while EC- I, EC-III and EC-IV has only 1 key sector, whereas in the EC-VI has no key sector. Key sector would greatly influence an increase in output and income of the community. The influence of how great is determined by the multiplier number. The real impact of infrastructure investments (or existing) as mentioned in MP3EI, do not show the optimum impact compared to the scenarios created.

Best screenplay selection according to the composition of investments appropriate simulation made are as follows: a). If the reasoning is solely the total output, the best investment scenario is Scenario-1, Scenario, and Scenario-2; b). If the reasoning is just the total income, then the best investment scenario is Scenario-2, Scenario-3 or Scenario-1; c). If the reasoning is just equitable output between regions, it is the best investment scenario is Scenario 3, Scenario, and Scenario-2; and d). If the reasoning is just a revenue equalization between regions, the best scenario is Scenario 3, Scenario, and Scenario-2. Economic development outside of EC-I and EC-II to date has not been reliable in the acceleration and equitable distribution of national economy, but require a uniform infrastructure and alignments to Indonsesia Eastern Region, considering the results of the simulation Scenario-4 showed a better thing than a program MP3EI (existing)."

"The infrastructure of the transportation system plays an important and strategic part in the development of a country and serves to support economic progress by enabling the mobility of citizens and the distribution of goods from one region to another. However, communities have unequal access to the system and there are gaps in the regional infrastructure in Indonesia, leading to the requirement for a mapping of all 33 provincial capitals. In this study, we reviewed provisions for road, sea, air, and rail travel. The mapping result is expected to determine the pattern and the prioritization needed for future infrastructure development. A literature review was performed to establish assessment indicators for the mapping. The weighting of each indicator was based on a survey of stakeholders in transportation sectors, which was then analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. After weighting was completed, the infrastructure of each provincial capital was assessed to determine ratings from the highest to the lowest rank. Jakarta, Medan, Bandung, Surabaya, and Semarang obtained the highest rankings, while Manokwari, Serang, Mamuju, Ternate, and Palangkaraya were at the bottom. This result shows that provincial capitals in western Indonesia had better assessment results than those in the east. Therefore, improvements to the transportation infrastructure of the latter cities should be prioritized."

"The infrastructure of the transportation system plays an important and strategic part in the development of a country and serves to support economic progress by enabling the mobility of citizens and the distribution of goods from one region to another. However, communities have unequal access to the system and there are gaps in the regional infrastructure in Indonesia, leading to the requirement for a mapping of all 33 provincial capitals. In this study, we reviewed provisions for road, sea, air, and rail travel. The mapping result is expected to determine the pattern and the prioritization needed for future infrastructure development. A literature review was performed to establish assessment indicators for the mapping. The weighting of each indicator was based on a survey of stakeholders in transportation sectors, which was then analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. After weighting was completed, the infrastructure of each provincial capital was assessed to determine ratings from the highest to the lowest rank. Jakarta, Medan, Bandung, Surabaya, and Semarang obtained the highest rankings, while Manokwari, Serang, Mamuju, Ternate, and Palangkaraya were at the bottom. This result shows that provincial capitals in western Indonesia had better assessment results than those in the east. Therefore, improvements to the transportation infrastructure of the latter cities should be prioritized."

"Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara infrastruktur telekomunikasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, artikel ini menggunakan analisis data panel untuk 33 provinsi di Indonesia selama periode sebelas tahun dari tahun 2007 hingga 2017. Variabel yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan infrastruktur telekomunikasi adalah persentase jumlah pelanggan telepon tetap, pelanggan telepon seluler, dan pelanggan internet. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara infrastruktur telekomunikasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di tingkat provinsi di Indonesia, kecuali telepon tetap yang menunjukkan hasil negatif.

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This paper aims to examine the association between telecommunications infrastructure (TI) and economic growth in Indonesia. In order to reach the objective, this paper use panel data analysis for 33 provinces in Indonesia for eleven-year period from 2007 to 2017. The variables for TI are fixed telephone subscriber, cellular telephone subscriber, and internet subscriber. The results provide positive and strong association between TI and economic growth in provincial level in Indonesia. The results except for the fixed telephone are positive and significant association which imply that TI give strong and positive impact toward economic growth in Indonesia."