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"This book contains information on the medicinal uses of inorganics, that is, of elements such as boron, lithium, selenium, to name a few, as well as metal, containing species. In keeping with the notion that healthy mammals rely on (bio-essential) metals for the normal functioning of approximately a third of their proteins and enzymes, a large number of drugs are metal-based and considerable effort is being devoted to developing both second, and third, generation drugs as well as generating novel metal-based drugs. While there is no doubt that there is an emphasis on 'Metallotherapeutics' throughout the volume, the use of metals in medicine is not restricted to metal, based drugs. The following are also covered: non-invasive radiopharmaceuticals Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) mineral supplements."

"Pemekaran wilayah ibukota dari perkembangan perumahan yang menuju arah keluar, terutama sektor perumahan. Sehingga jarak yang harus ditempuh masyarakat menuju tempat beraktifitas yang biasanya terletak di dalam kota, membuat tingginya beban transprtasi. Selain itu juga menyebabkan beban bagi masyarakat yaitu ketidakefisienan waktu, biaya, dan tenaga.Selain itu dari segi perkembangan perkotaan, di negara maju hal ini sudah lama ditinggalkan. Salah satu pemecahan yang diambil ketika lahan di kota sudah harus dibenahi namun lahan sudah habis lalah pola multi0use. Dimana pemanfaatan lahan dapat disesuaikan dengan potensi lahan yang dihubungkan dengan perkembangan di kawasan yang bersangkutan. Sehingga tuntutan perilaku masyarakat (lifestyle) terhadap pentingnya lokasi rumah tinggal berdekatan dengan tempat kerja dan fasilitas lainnya dapat diwujudkan."

"A land cover/land use classification is proposed covering most of the major features found in the Indonesian Archipelago. The classification is based on a complex set of criteria related to physiognomic, functional and ecological characteristics of the ecosystems. The open-ended, hierarchical classification is supplemented with the definitions of the classes. An attempt is then made to identify complexes of land use as an important step in the characterization of ecosystems. Spatial sequences or catena of land use types are recognized for Java and Sumatra. "

"Land use competition in areas surrounding the urban area is the major factor influencing rural land use changes. Land use for agricultural activities is being changed into urban use. The rural land cover can be identified on the SPOT and Landsat imagery. The trend of urban development toward the rural area can be studied sing SPOT and Landsat imagery. The aims of this study are to know the rural land use changes and to know the urban development pattern in Surakarta. The SPOT and Landsat imagery are the main data sources and the interpretation is used in getting the data. The land cover is identified and classified based on the pixel value. The object of land use is classified into four classes. Using the temporal and spatial approach, the changes of rural land use to urban one can be known."

"Land-use is in a continuous process of change either planned or unplanned. AN increase in population has resulted into additional need for more agricultural land. CAttle population has relatively increased in line with population growth. This paper examines the changes in land-use pattern related to crop production and cattle rearing. Traditionally, crop production and cattle raising were conducted as separate enterprise. However cattle are recently kept at the agricultural land thus leading to extensive damage. In the district, this development occurred in the 1920s with the establishment of the borehole scheme. Currently, the grazing areas are considered to be overrulitised, hence necessitating land-use intensification including the adoption of 'modern' agricultural techniques and practices so as to minimise land deterioration and achieve sustainable production. "

"Internet memiliki banyak kegunaan bagi manusia. Akan tetapi, penggunaan internet yang tidak sehat akan dapat menimbulkan permasalahan dalam kehidupan individu baik secara personal maupun profesional yang kemudian disebut sebagai Problematic Internet Use atau PIU. Loneliness merupakan salah satu variabel yang dihubungkan dengan PIU namun masih memunculkan hasil yang bertentangan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berusaha meninjau lebih lanjut mengenai hubungan antara PIU dan loneliness. Metode pengukuran variabel dilakukan dengan self-report baik secara luring maupun daring N=200 , menggunakan alat ukur The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale II untuk PIU dan Social Emotional Loneliness for Adults Scale untuk loneliness. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara PIU dan social loneliness serta PIU dan emotional loneliness. Hasil didapatkan karena penggunaan internet yang tinggi mengurangi interaksi tatap muka antara pengguna dengan lingkaran sosialnya. Hal tersebut semakin menurunkan keterlibatan serta keterikatan pengguna terhadap lingkaran sosial yang dimiliki. Individu yang memiliki PIU memiliki preferensi interaksi daring, pemilihan penggunaan internet ketika mood buruk, kesulitan untuk menghilangkan pemikiran untuk daring terus menerus dan mengkontrol penggunaan internet serta adanya masalah dalam kehidupannya.

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Internet has many positive function in human rsquo s life. But unhealthy use of internet could cause problem in a human rsquo s life, whether it be personally or professionally, called as problematic internet use PIU . Loneliness is a variable that has been correlated many times with PIU with conflicting results. This research aims to discover the correlation between PIU and loneliness social and emotional loneliness . PIU and loneliness were measured through self report questionnaire offline and online N 200 , using The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale II for PIU dan Social Emotional Loneliness for Adults Scale for loneliness. Result shows that there is a significant positive correlation between PIU and social loneliness, as well as PIU and emotional loneliness. It is found that the lack of face to face interaction, caused by high used of internet, between the user and their social circle is responsible for the result. Individuals who develop PIU have preference for online interactions, prefer to use the internet when they rsquo re in bad mood, have difficulty to eliminate the idea of online continuously, failure in controling the use of the Internet and emergence of problems in life."

"Konsep permanence di dalam temporality sudah semakin relevan. Fokus skripsi ini adalah untuk mempelajari pemahaman akan temporary use di dalam urban space berdasarkan fenomena pengaplikasian temporary use di dalam kegiatan yang bersifat permanen. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk merefleksikan pemahaman teoru dengan menghubungan kasus Pasar Kue Subuh Blok M. Data untuk studi kasus diperoleh dengan melakukan observasi dari cara pengguna bermanuver dalam pasar yang mengindikasikan adanya penggunaan temporary use. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa di dalam temporary use ada temporality dan permanence yang di indikasikan oleh adanya sifat portability, actions, dan time.

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The concept of permanence within temporality has become more relevant in recent days. The focus of this thesis is to study the understanding of temporary use in urban space from the phenomena of having a temporary use within a permanent action of an event. The purpose of the study is to reflect the understanding of the theory by relating to the case in Pasar Kue Subuh Blok M. The data collected were gain by doing observation of the way people maneuver in the market indicating the appliances of temporary use and how the market took place in a temporary vacant space within a permanent environment. This phenomenon is seen mostly in Asian country where messy urbanism becomes a tactic of survival in the everyday flux. The study shows that in the temporary use there are temporality and permanence where the aspect of portability, actions, and time become important."

"ABSTRAKBenturan kepentingan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan sering kali sulit atau tidak dikompromikan, sehingga menjadi beban fungsi lingkungan hidup (LH). Lingkungan hidup sebagai pendukung sistem kehidupan yang terdiri atas kesatuan ruang dengan segenap pengada(entity), berupa Benda(materi) serta makhluk hidup termasuk manusia dan perilakunya, akhir-akhir ini mengalami penurunan kualitas yang mulai mengkhawatirkan. Ruang (tanah) di suatu wilayah, ada yang diutamakan untuk keperluan permukiman, sehingga bergesekan dengan kepentingan lain yaitu untuk keperluan pelayanan yang dimaksudkan untuk mencari daya atau peluang yang lebih baik. Salah satu gejala yang perlu mendapat perhatian untuk ditelaah di dalam penelitian ini adalah kebutuhan penduduk di Kota Metropolitan Jakarta akan rumah yang terus meningkat, sementara ruang (tanah) yang tersedia makin menyempit, sehingga permukiman menebar ke wilayah di pinggirannya.Pembangunan dapat mengakibatkan penggunaan tanah yang beragam, untuk mendukung dinamika kehidupan secara keseluruhan. Tetapi ada kecenderungan juga yang justru dikembangkan ke arah penggunaan tanah tunggal yakni untuk permukiman. Tanah pada umumnya dikuasai oleh perorangan atau oleh pengembang skala besar, sedang akibatnya terhadap penduduk lokal, seperti penggusuran, dan kehilangan pekerjaaan tidak cukup mendapat perhatian, sehingga mereka makin miskin.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pola penggunaan tanah yang memungkinkan penduduk lokal dapat memperoleh makna dan manfaat pembangunan, sehingga kualitas hidupnya menjadi lebih baik.Perluasan permukiman yang tidak menghemat ruang pada berbagai wilayah menunjukkan bahwa dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup penduduk. Gejala itu dapat ditelaah dari penelusuran kejadian pemanfaatan sumber daya alam (SDA) oleh manusia melalui lingkungan hidup buatan atau binaan berupa penggunaan tanah. Dari pola penggunaan tanah dapat ditelaah juga interaksi antara fungsi sosial, ekonomi, dan ekologi. Interaksi antarfungsi yang kompleks memerlukan pemikiran tentang usaha kompromi dan koordinasi untuk mencapai pembangunan yang sustainable. Jadi konsep dasar dalam penelitian ini adalah penghematan ruang (tanah), peningkatan nilai tambah SDA, pengelompokan wilayah yang disusun atas dasar kesamaan karakteristik daerah, dan indikator kualitas hidup.Hipotesis pertama yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah perluasan penggunaan tanah permukiman yang terus berlangsung ke wilayah pinggiran kota metropolitan mengakibatkan penduduk lokal kehilangan pekerjaan dan menjadi miskin. Hipotesis kedua adalah pembangunan yang tidak memperhatikan kegiatan penduduk lokal dalam memanfaatkan tanah, mengakibatkan penurunan pada kualitas hidup. Interaksi fungsi pelayanan dari segi pendidikan, peluang kerja, proporsi hasil, keadilan dalam RT/RW yang memungkinkan penggunaan tanah beragam memberi pengaruh pada peningkatan kualitas hidup penduduk lokal.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Depok, Serpong, dan Pacet, karena daerah itu menunjukkan perbedaan fisik, dan juga terdapat berbagai variasi dari kegiatan sosial-ekonomi penduduknya.Analisis faktor yang disertai penerapan analisis komponen utama, analisis pengelompokan, dan analisis pembeda digunakan untuk mengolah berbagai variabel, seperti kepadatan penduduk, persentase petani, penduduk miskin, sawah, kebun campuran, permukiman, industri, jasa, jarak ke pasar dan lain-lain. Hasilnya menunjukkan terdapat lima tipe wilayah di Depok, dan di Serpong, yaitu kampung miskin, perumahan pengembang, perumahan tradisional, pertanian, dan industri. Sedangkan Pacet tergolong sebagai wilayah usaha pertanian.Untuk melakukan proses analisis yang berikutnya telah dilakukan wawancara terhadap 176 responden di Depok, 70 responden di Serpong, serta 50 responden di Pacet. Jumlah responden dihitung berdasarkan proporsi penduduk miskin. Bahan wawancara yang digunakan adalah indikator kualitas hidup yang terdiri atas tingkat kesehatan, kemiskinan, pendidikan, kesempatan kerja, proporsi hasil, keamanan sosial, serta daya dukung SDA,Kelompok wilayah dan waktu tempuh dari permukiman ke daerah pelayanan umum (DPU) menggambarkan struktur ruang wilayah. Di Depok DPU terletak berdekatan dengan perumahan pengembang, perumahan tradisional, industri dan pertanian. Sementara di Serpong DPU terletak di sekitar perumahan mewah yang berdampingan (hanya dibatasi tembok) dengan perumahan penduduk miskin. Keadaan ini mencerminkan bahwa pengembang besar membangun permukiman di wilayah (yang 20 tahun sebelumnya) merupakan kampung miskin. Sedangkan di Pacet DPU terletak di sekitar perumahan tradisional, dan daerah pertanian.Korelasi fungsi yang cukup kuat menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan tanah yang disertai oleh perluasan permukiman diikuti peningkatan persentase penduduk miskin, karena kegiatan yang dapat ditekuni penduduk menghilang, sementara untuk memasuki bidang formal tidak cukup tingkat pendidikannya. Hasil analisis ini menjelaskan bahwa hipotesis pertama dapat diterima. Sebaliknya pada wilayah yang tetap dapat memberi peluang kerja untuk penduduk yang rendah tingkat pendidikannya, persentase penduduk miskin rendah. Keadaan itu menyebabkan kualitas hidup di Depok adalah baik, sementara di Pacet adalah cukup, dan di Serpong adalah sedang. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis kedua dapat diterima. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan bahwa pada wilayah dengan penggunaan tanah beragam dapat berkembang pelayanan jasa, dan industri yang mendukung pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi, disertai fungsi ekologi dan sosial yang tetap baik, sehingga kualitas hidup penduduk baik. Hasil analisis ini menjelaskan bahwa hipotesis ketiga dapat diterima, dan menjadi dasar dari teori jejak penggunaan tanah.Oleh karena itu pemerintah perlu membatasi izin penguasaan tanah untuk perluasan permukiman. Pengusaha perlu mengembangkan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaannya, untuk memberi nilai tambah hasil pembangunan, dengan turut serta dan membantu upaya masyarakat dalam peningkatan pendidikan, peluang kerja, keamanan sosial, serta membantu memasarkan hasil pascapanen, maupun pemanfaatan SDA yang tersia-siakan seperti meningkatkan nilai produk yang dihasilkannya, pembuatan dan pemanfaatan kompos. Selanjutnya diperlukan peningkatan kemitraan dalam menumbuhkan hubungan serasi dan setara antara penduduk yang memperoleh manfaat dari pembangunan permukiman dengan penduduk lokal untuk memperoleh dasar penataan ruang yang baru.

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ABSTRACT

Conflict of interest in the development is often difficult and un-compromised, and these conditions became a burden of the environmental function. Environment that supported a living system consist of spatial unit with the whole entity such as material and other organism included human and its behaviors, in the recent time began a bothered experience of degradation of its quality. There were a space of land on one region, which prioritized for the residential area, until it scratching with other interest such as service for various interests, which intended to search for better strength and possibilities. One phenomenon, which has to be considered to study in this research, was the increasing need of Jakarta Metropolitan citizens, of housing; meanwhile, the accessible land space was decreasing, until the residential area spread to the edge area of Jakarta.

The development could cause the diversity of land use, to support the dynamic of total living entity. But there were a tendency that had been developed to use the land one way that was a settlement area. Land authorized by individual or big scale developer generally, while the local people received negative results such as residential removal, and occupational lost. This negative effect was not received attention enough and as a result the people were getting poorer.

The intention of this research is to study the land use patterns, which gave possibility for local people to obtain the benefit of development and to improve their quality of life.

The expansion of residential area is not using space (land) economically on some regions showed an influence on the quality of life of the local people. The phenomena can be examined through the study of incidence of natural resources or natural capital utilization through the made of man-made environment by land utilization, Based on land use pattern can be studied the interaction of function such as economic, social, and ecological functions. Inter-functional interaction needed a consideration on compromise and coordination efforts, to reach sustainable development. Thus, the basic concepts of this research were the save or efficient utilization of space (land), increasing of natural resources additional value, regional classification which based on homogeneities characteristic of area, and quality of life indicators.

First hypothesis said that the continuous expansion of settlement from Jakarta Metropolitan to the areas in its vicinity causes the local people loosing their job, and made poorer. Second hypothesis said that the development which unconsidered without local people activities which was done on the land, it will result in the decreasing the local people quality of life. And third hypothesis said that the interaction of services function, in term of education, job opportunity, proportion of income, justice of spatial planning which allowed to various used of land utilization, gave influence on increasing of the local people quality of life.

The study was conducted at Depok, Serpong, and Pacet based on their different physical character, and the variety of the socio-economic activities of the people.

Factor analysis, which is followed by principal components analysis, and also cluster analysis, discriminant analysis are used to examine and classify the area using some variables. Those variables are population density, percentage of farmer, percentage of poor people, percentage of area of rice field, mixed garden, settlement, industry, services, trading, waste land, distance to the market place, and so on. The result showed that there were five regions in Depok and Serpong, Those are poor villages or poor kampong, real estate areas, and traditional housing areas, agricultural areas, and industrial area. On the contrary, some villages at Pacet are classified into agricultural region, with most of the people lived as a local farmer.

Furthermore, the interviews were done at random to 170 respondents in Depok, 70 respondents in Serpong, and 50 respondents in Pacet. The samples size was calculated based on the poor people proportion at that region. The interview substances are the quality of life indicators that comprise level of health, poverty, education, and job opportunity, proportion of income, social security, and also the carrying capacity of natural resources.

Type of regions and distance to travel from the settlement areas to the central business district (CBD) explained the urban spatial structure. In Depok, the real estate, traditional housing, industrial areas, and farming areas are located consecutively closed to CBD. Meanwhile, in Serpong, the luxury housing region and the low class housing areas both only separated by a wall are located consecutively close to the new CBD. This phenomenon shows that, 20 years ago, the real estate built by the large-scale developers were developed in the poor village region. While in Pacet, the CBD was closed to the traditional housing areas and farming areas.

The strong enough functional correlation showed that the land authority and the expansion of real estate built by the large-scale developers was accompanied by the higher percentage of poor people, because there was no more opportunity for the less-educated people to utilize the land for their activity, meanwhile the less-education competence of the local people cannot support to find other jobs. This analysis showed that the first hypothesis could be accepted. On the other hand or opposite, at the region where the job opportunity for the less-educated people exist, the percentage of poor people are still low. This condition leads the quality of life for the local people in Depok is good, while in Pact is quite good, meanwhile in Serpong is modest. This analysis showed that the second hypothesis could be accepted. This research also explains that the region with multiple land use could be developed services industry, and manufacturing industry, which are able to support the high population growth, followed by continuing good social and ecological function, so that the quality of life for the local people is good. This analysis showed that the third hypothesis can be accepted, and can be a foundation of the footprints of land use theory.

Due to these facts, the local government should control the permit of land acquisition for settlement expansion. The private sectors are in need to develop a corporate social responsibility to take their role on giving the value added on development by joining and supporting the efforts of societies to increase their level of education, social security, and also to assist on marketing of post-harvest agriculture product and recycling the wasted resource such as producing compost. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to develop a friendly partnership of the relationship between the people, who lived in the luxury house areas with the local people in order to stimulate a new optimal spatial planning."