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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh sumber daya manusia terhadap ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia Bagian Timur. Variabel sumber daya manusia di ambil dari model Mankiw, Robert and Weil Augmented Solow Model (1992) dengan menambahkan variabel kesehatan. Hasil yang di dapatkan adalah variabel kapital, pendidikan dan kesehatan memberikan hasil yang berbeda di wilayah tersendiri. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sumber daya manusia memberikan pengaruh terhadap ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia Bagian Timur.

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The objective in investment of human capital is to push for greater labor productivity to compete in an advancing economy. Human capital investment in Indonesian Eastern Regions can be studied through education and health factor. By using the framework of Mankiw, robert and Weiul Augmented Solow Model (1992) implemented using Least Square Dummy Variables, the author found that saving unusual effects is found in saving rates which cause a decrease in labor productivity growth in Papua, Sulawesi and Maluku region."

"Dampak langsung dan tidak langsung (spillover effect) dari infrastruktur transportasi (jalan, pelabuhan, dan bandar udara) terhadap perkembangan ekonomi suatu wilayah masih menjadi perdebatan, baik terkait arah maupun besarannya. Penelitian ini melihat dampak infrastruktur transportasi terhadap perkembangan wilayah, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, dari sisi produktivitas tenaga kerja industri manufaktur. Dengan menggunakan data panel industri manufaktur Indonesia tahun 2011-2014, penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif dari infrastruktur transportasi jalan dan pelabuhan terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja industri manufaktur di Pulau Jawa, baik pada wilayah dimana infrastruktur tersebut berada maupun pada wilayah sekitarnya. Sementara itu, infrastruktur transportasi bandar udara mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja industri manufaktur di luar Pulau Jawa.

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The direct and indirect effects (spillover effect) of transportation infrastructure (roads, ports, and airports) on the economic development in a region are still being debated, both in terms of direction and magnitude. This study estimates the impact of transportation infrastructure on regional development, both directly and indirectly, in terms of labor productivity in the manufacturing industries. Using Indonesian manufacturing industries panel data in 2011-2014, the study shows that there is a positive influence of road and port transportation infrastructure on the labor productivity of manufacturing industries in Java, both in areas where the infrastructure is located and in the surrounding area. Meanwhile, airport transportation infrastructure has a positive influence on the labor productivity of manufacturing industries outside Java."

"Starting from January 1, 2001, the provincial governments in Indonesia suddenly faced a huge problem in managing their public finance. The management of certain sectors and their budgeting were, including education, decentralized. Government regulation No. 25 in 2007 gave the local governments more freedom to establish a suitable education system for their respective regions. This paper will attempt to analyse the performance of secondary schools across regions. The production function theory will be used due to the government's intention to make the secondary school {years 7-12) the compulsory minimum level of education for the Indonesian people. The results show that the government budget cannot significantly affect the efficiency in the secondary school industry because the inputs that are financed are not significant for inducing efficiency. Instead, external factors like population and also fhe existence of financial loans is likely to be significant. The policy on loans has to be reconsidered to see the cost benefit or- the comparison between returns on human capital improvement through secondary schools and the interest rate of the loan"

"ABSTRAKThis paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, focusing on the effect of labor productivity in the Indonesian manufacturing sector. Indonesia has the advantage of abundant labor supply in attracting FDI to bring positive externalities to its economy. Based on this background, this paper is aimed to study and to improve FDI inflow through a random effect analysis of 19 manufacturing industries from 2001 to 2014. The empirical result shows that labor productivity, wages, and export have become significant factors that attract FDI. FDI inflow in this sector tends to target non-labor industries. For the labor-intensive industries, the primary strategy is to increase labor quality through improvement in education, training, internship program, and worker certification. Improving research and development climate, and maintaining the quality of labor through health and social protection regulation can attain improvement in non-labor intensive industries."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peranan tenaga kerja UMKM,modal fisik dan modal manusia terhadap perekonomian daerah. Denganmenggunakan model General Least Square (GLS) dan data sekunder dari BadanPusat Statistik (BPS) tahun 2009-2012 pada 33 provinsi di Indonesia, hasilanalisis menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tenaga kerja UMKM berpengaruhpositif terhadap pertumbuhan PDRB per Kapita demikian juga denganpertumbuhan modal fisik dan pertumbuhan modal manusia. Selain itu dari denganmenggunakan hipotesis β konvergensi dari Barro, diketahui nilai β konvergensimenunjukkan hasil negatif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi konvergensiantar daerah dimana daerah yang miskin akan mengejar pertumbuhan dari daerahyang kaya. Konvergensi ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor struktural, sepertipertumbuhan penduduk, modal fisik dan modal manusia yang ada disetiap daerah.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the role of MSMEs labor, physical capital andhuman capital to the regional economic. By using a model of the General LeastSquares (GLS) and secondary data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) 2009-2012at 33 provinces in Indonesia, the results of the analysis indicate that theemployment growth of SMEs has a positive effect on the growth of GDP percapita growth as well as physical capital and the growth of human capital. Inaddition to the use of β convergence hypothesis of Barro, known β convergencevalue was negative. This suggests that there has been a convergence betweenregions where poor area will pursue the growth of rich areas. This convergence isinfluenced by structural factors, such as population growth, physical capital andhuman capital available in every region."

"Penelitian ini mempelajari faktor-faktor penentu arus masuk FDI di sektor manufaktur di Indonesia, dan memusatkan perhatian pada pengaruh produktivitas tenaga kerja terhadap arus masuk FDI. Studi ini menggunakan data dari 19 industri di sektor manufaktur Indonesia dari tahun 2001 sampai dengan 2014 dengan menggunakan metode Random Effects. Analisis empiris menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas kerja, upah, dan ekspor telah menjadi faktor signifikan yang mempengaruhi investasi asing langsung di industri ini selama periode penelitian, dimana variable-variabel ini berhubungan positif dengan masuknya FDI. Analisis lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan dummy variable juga menunjukkan bahwa arus masuk FDI di sektor ini cenderung menargetkan industri yang tidak tergolong industri padat karya. Industri jenis ini biasanya memerlukan ketrampilan tenaga kerja yang lebih tinggi dan tingkat teknologi yang lebih rumit, sehingga menghasilkan produktivitas kerja yang lebih tinggi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa metode alokasi FDI perusahaan asing di industri-industri tersebut cenderung meningkatkan modal dibanding mempekerjakan lebih banyak sumber daya manusia. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini mendasari pendekatan yang berbeda untuk meningkatkan setiap variabel berdasarkan intensitas faktor produksi industri. Untuk industri padat karya, strategi utama untuk menarik FDI adalah meningkatkan kualitas tenaga kerja melalui peningkatan pendidikan, pelatihan, program magang, dan sertifikasi pekerja. Pemerintah juga perlu mendorong pengembangan industri kecil melalui dukungan finansial dan teknis. Di sisi lain, peningkatan produktivitas tenaga kerja di industri bukan padat karya dapat dicapai dengan memperbaiki iklim penelitian dan pengembangan tehnologi, dan menjaga kualitas tenaga kerja melalui peraturan perlindungan kesehatan dan sosial.

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This paper investigates the determinants of FDI inflow in Indonesian manufacturing sector, and focusing on the effect of labor productivity on FDI inflow. This study employs the data from 19 industries within Indonesian manufacturing sector from 2001 to 2014 using Random Effects method. The empirical analysis shows that labor productivity, wages, and export have become significant factors that affect foreign direct investment in manufacturing industries during the period of the research. These variables are positively related to FDI inflow. Further analysis using dummy variable also suggests that FDI inflow in this sector tends to target non labor intensive industries rather than labor intensive industries. Non labor intensive industries typically require higher labor skill and higher level of technology, thus creating higher labor productivity. This indicates the method of foreign firms rsquo FDI allocation in the industries which was to increase capital rather than to employ a larger number of workers. Thus, this particular finding generates different approaches to improve each variable based on production factor intensities of the industries. For the labor intensive industries, the main strategy to attract FDI is to increase labor quality through improvement in education, training, internship program, and worker certification. The government also needs to encourage the development of small industries through financial and technical supports. On the other hand, improvement in labor productivity in non labor intensive industries can be attained by improving research and development climate, and maintaining the quality of labor through health and social protection regulation."

"There are several business problems which hampers sustainability of worker cooperatives in Indonesia. They have inadequate capital to support businesses run by cooperatives and the government provides insufficient support for the worker cooperatives. The problem under study is how human resources management affected the capital of worker cooperatives. The study used explanatory approach by employing a census to collect data from 11 existing worker cooperatives in the loading and unloading services in port cities across Java. The data collected was then analyzed with the Path Analysis. Research findings indicate that human resources practices of members, administrators, and managers were significant in affecting the capital of cooperatives simultaneously. However, when analyzed partially, influence of each variable was mixed. Partially, the human resource practices of members does not have a significant effect, while the administrators do have positive effect and the managers have negative effect. The administrator is considered the most important determinant of capital in cooperatives. Thus, it is recommended that worker cooperatives should pay attention to provide member educational and professional trainings and improve administrator quality in raising and making use of capital more efficiently. For further research, it is suggested to study the impact of human capital on other types of cooperatives."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal manusia terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Modal manusia diduga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi secara langsung dalam proses produksi, serta secara tidak langsung melalui Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data panel provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia dalam rentang 2004-2012. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa modal manusia, yang diwakili oleh tenaga kerja berpendidikan minimal SMA, berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Sementara modal manusia, yang diwakili oleh penduduk berpendidikan minimal SMA, berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan TFP regional di Indonesia dalam periode 2006-2012, baik secara langsung melalui inovasi domestik dan secara tidak langsung melalui efek spillover. Hasil lain dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modal fisik berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Selain itu perbedaan pertumbuhan rasio modal fisik per tenaga kerja regional berpengaruh positif terhadap perbedaan pertumbuhan output per tenaga kerja regional.

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This research aims to analyze the influence of human capital on regional economic growth in Indonesia. Human capital expected takes effect on economics on production process and indirectly through Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth. This research was using panel data analysis method of provinces in Indonesia in period 2004-2012.

Empirical result shows that human capital, represented by labor with minimum high school educated, has positive effect on regional economic growth in Indonesian. Meanwhile, the effect of human capital that represented by population with minimum high school educated has positive effect on regional TFP growth in Indonesia period 2006-2012, directly through domestic innovation and indirectly through spillover effect.

This research also shows that physical capital has positive effect on regional economic growth in Indonesia. Furthermore, the difference of physical capital ratio growth per regional labor has positive effect on the difference of regional economic growth per regional labor."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal manusia terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Modal manusia diduga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi secara langsung dalam proses produksi, serta secara tidak langsung melalui Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data panel provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia dalam rentang 2004-2012. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa modal manusia, yang diwakili oleh tenaga kerja berpendidikan minimal SMA, berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Sementara modal manusia, yang diwakili oleh penduduk berpendidikan minimal SMA, berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan TFP regional di Indonesia dalam periode 2006-2012, baik secara langsung melalui inovasi domestik dan secara tidak langsung melalui efek spillover. Hasil lain dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modal fisik berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Selain itu perbedaan pertumbuhan rasio modal fisik per tenaga kerja regional berpengaruh positif terhadap perbedaan pertumbuhan output per tenaga kerja regional.

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This research aims to analyze the influence of human capital on regional economic growth in Indonesia. Human capital expected takes effect on economics on production process and indirectly through Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth. This research was using panel data analysis method of provinces in Indonesia in period 2004-2012. Empirical result shows that human capital, represented by labor with minimum high school educated, has positive effect on regional economic growth in Indonesian. Meanwhile, the effect of human capital that represented by population with minimum high school educated has positive effect on regional TFP growth in Indonesia period 2006-2012, directly through domestic innovation and indirectly through spillover effect. This research also shows that physical capital has positive effect on regional economic growth in Indonesia. Furthermore, the difference of physical capital ratio growth per regional labor has positive effect on the difference of regional economic growth per regional labor."