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"Trauma pada nervus ischiadicus merupakan cedera saraf tepi yang mengakibatkan perubahan secara morfologi dan seluler pada neuron dan akson. Pemulihan paska cedera nervus ischiadicus seringkali belum optimal secara fungsional. Saat ini, PRP dikembangkan menjadi salah satu pilihan terapi alternatif selain tindakan pembedahan. Hal ini disebabkan PRP mengandung sitokin dan neurotropin yang berperan dalam regenerasi saraf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peranan PRP pada regenerasi saraf motorik tikus model sciatica dengan crush injury. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan blok biologis tersimpan medulla spinalis dan nervus ischiadicus dari tikus wistar jantan yang diberi perlakuan kontrol, sciatica dan sciatica dengan PRP yang diterminasi hari ke-7 dan 42 di Departemen Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia. PRP sebanyak 0,2 ml diberikan pada area bekas jepitan memakai absorbable gelatin sponge. Penilaian regenerasi saraf dilakukan dengan melihat densitas neuron di medulla spinalis menggunakan pewarnaan khusus toluidine blue dan imunohistokimia protein S100B di sitoplasma sel schwann nervus ischiadicus. Didapatkan hasil signifikan pemeriksaan densitas neuron pada hari ke-7 dan 42 antara kelompok sciatica dan kelompok sciatica + PRP serta hasil signifikan pada pemeriksaan ekspresi protein S100B pada hari ke-7 pada kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok sciatica dengan kelompok sciatica + PRP. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PRP dapat meningkatkan proliferasi sel schwann dan berperan dalam neuron survival.

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Trauma to the ischiadicus nerve is a peripheral nerve injury that results in morphological and cellular changes in neurons and axons. Post-injury recovery of the ischiadicus nerve is often not functionally optimal. Currently, PRP has been developed as an alternative therapy option to surgery. This is because PRP contains cytokines and neurotrophins that play a role in nerve regeneration. This study aims to look at the role of PRP in motor nerve regeneration of sciatica model rats with crush injury. This experimental study used stored biological blocks of the spinal cord and nervus ischiadicus from male Wistar rats treated with control, sciatica and sciatica with PRP terminated on days 7 and 42 at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. PRP as much as 0.2 ml was given to the crush injury area using absorbable gelatin sponge. Assessment of nerve regeneration was performed by looking at the density of neurons in the spinal cord using toluidine blue special staining and immunohistochemistry of S100B protein in the cytoplasm of schwann cells of the ischiadicus nerve. There were significant results in the examination of neuron density on days 7 and 42 between the sciatica group and the sciatica + PRP group and significant results in the examination of S100B protein expression on day 7 in the control group and the sciatica group with the sciatica + PRP group. This study shows that PRP administration can increase schwann cell proliferation and play a role in neuron survival."

"Penggunaan obat yang bekerja pada saluran cerna perlu dilakukan kajian farmakologi, khususnya di depo Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD). Pelayanan kefarmasian di IGD perlu perhatian khusus karena biasanya menangani pasien yang dalam kondisi kritis. Kajian farmakologi dapat mengetahui efek utama obat, interaksi obat dan efek samping dari obat. Sehingga dapat memberikan terapi yang tepat dan aman kepada pasien.Prosedur kajian literatur yaitu dengan cara pengumpulan dan analisis data yang dilakukan dengan mencari studi pustaka dan observasi. Dalam hal ini, landasan teori untuk penelitian diperoleh melalui pencarian pustaka yang berasal baik dari buku, jurnal lain maupun dari sumber terpercaya lainnya. Selain itu, analisis data serta informasi yang digunakan dilakukan dengan metode observasi yaitu pengamatan dan penelitian farmakologi dari obat-obat yang bekerja pada saluran cerna.Kajian farmakologi obat saluran cerna, khususnya farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik untuk obat Simetikon, H2 Receptor Blocker, Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) dan SukralfatMemberikan informasi kepada sejawat tenaga kesehatan terkait farmakologi obat saluran cerna yang diberikan.

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The use of drugs that act on the gastrointestinal tract needs to be studied pharmacologically, especially in the Emergency Room (ER). Pharmacy services in the emergency room need special attention because they usually treat patients who are in critical condition. Pharmacological studies can determine the main effects of drugs, drug interactions, and side effects of drugs. So that it can provide appropriate and safe therapy to patients. Literature review procedures, namely by collecting and analyzing data are carried out by searching literature and observation. In this case, the theoretical basis for the research is obtained through a literature search that originates from books, other journals, and from other reliable sources. In addition, the analysis of data and information used was carried out using the observation method, namely observation and pharmacological research of drugs that act on the gastrointestinal tract. Pharmacological studies of gastrointestinal drugs, especially pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics for Simethicone, H2 Receptor Blockers, Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), and Sucralfate Provide information to fellow health workers regarding the pharmacology of the gastrointestinal drugs given."

"Latar Belakang: Perawatan untuk perubahan warna gigi yang banyak dipilih masyarakat saat ini ialah tooth bleaching atau pemutihan gigi. Teknik home bleaching kerap menjadi pilihan masyarakat karena lebih murah serta tidak menimbulkan efek hipersensitivitas yang tinggi. Penggunaan bahan alami seperti buah-buahan dapat dimanfaatkan pada bidang kesehatan dan kecantikan termasuk untuk tooth bleaching. Buah tomat dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen pemutih tambahan untuk produk home bleaching karena mengandung agen pengoksidasi yang dapat mempercepat proses pemutihan gigi. Tujuan: Membuat material home bleaching hidrogen peroksida 3% dengan penambahan jus buah tomat dan mengetahui perbedaan warna gigi setelah aplikasi bahan bleaching. Metode: Dua puluh empat gigi premolar pasca ekstrasi diberi paparan bahan home bleaching. Sampel dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok dengan masing-masing terdiri dari 6 sampel. Kelompok A dipaparkan bahan bleaching hidrogen peroksida 3%, kelompok B hidrogen peroksida 3% dengan tambahan jus tomat 30%, kelompok C hidrogen peroksida 3% dengan tambahan jus tomat 75%, dan kelompok D dipaparkan bahan home bleaching komersial opalescence whitening gel PF 10%. Setiap kelompok dipaparkan 8 jam/hari selama 7 hari. Perubahan warna diukur sebelum dan sesudah paparan menggunakan kolorimeter dengan metode CIEL*a*b. Analisis data dengan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat kelompok dapat memutihkan gigi. Hasil perubahan warna ∆E*ab kelompok dengan hidrogen peroksida 3% 5,89, hasil ∆E*ab kelompok hidrogen peroksida 3% dengan tambahan jus tomat 30% 27,93, hasil ∆E*ab kelompok hidrogen peroksida 3% dengan tambahan jus tomat 75% 23,27, hasil ∆E*ab kelompok opalescence whitening gel PF 10% 10,67. Hasil ∆E*ab penambahan jus tomat lebih tinggi dibandingkan bahan hidrogen peroksida 3% dan bahan home bleaching komersial opalescence whitening gel PF 10%. Hasil ∆E*ab setiap kelompok terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh penambahan jus buah tomat pada bahan bleaching hidrogen peroksida 3% terhadap perubahan warna gigi yang lebih cerah.

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Background: Tooth bleaching is one of the treatment that many people choose in the management for tooth discoloration. Home bleaching technique often chosen because cheaper and do not cause high hypersensitivity effects. The use of natural ingredients such as fruits can be utilized in the health and beauty sector, including for tooth bleaching. Fruits, such as tomato can be used as an additional whitening agent for home bleaching products because it contains an oxidizing agent which can speed up the teeth whitening process. Objective: To make 3% hydrogen peroxide bleaching at home with the addition of tomato juice and find the difference in tooth colour after application of the bleaching agent. Methods: Twenty four post-extraction premolars were exposed to home bleaching agents. The sample was divided into 4 groups with 6 samples each. Group A was exposed to 3% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent, group B was exposed to 3% hydrogen peroxide with the addition of 30% tomato juice, group C was exposed to 3% hydrogen peroxide with the addition of 75% tomato juice, and group D was exposed to commercial home bleaching agent opalescence whitening gel PF 10% . Each group was exposed 8 hours/day for 7 days. Colour changes were measured before and after exposure using a colorimeter with the CIEL*a*b method. Data analysis with One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni statistical tests. Results: Research shows that all four groups can whiten teeth. Color change results in hydrogen peroksida 3% ∆E*ab 5,89, ∆E*ab % hydrogen peroxide with the addition of 30% tomato juice 27,93, ∆E*ab % hydrogen peroxide with the addition of 75% tomato juice 23,27, and ∆E*ab opalescence whitening gel PF 10% 10,67. The results of the discoloration of the ∆E*ab group with 3% hydrogen peroxide and the addition of tomato juice were higher than those of 3% hydrogen peroxide without addition of tomato juice and exposed to commercial home bleaching agents, opalescence whitening gel PF 10%. Color change results between groups significantly different (p<0,05). Conclusion: There is an effect of adding tomato juice to 3% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent on teeth discoloration that is brighter."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Belum terdapat model hewan ulser standar untuk uji khasiat dan keamanan obat ulser. Tujuan: Membuat model ulser traumatik termal terstandar pada mukosa lateral lidah Mus musculus. Metode: Pada mukosa lateral kiri lidah 5 ekor Mus musculus kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan selama 5 detik dengan instrumen berujung bulat yang telah dipanaskan hingga mencapai suhu 800C. Hewan coba setelah dilakukan paparan trauma termal dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis pada hari 0,1,8,9, dan 10. Hasil: Ulser terbentuk secara klinis pada hari pertama yang diperkuat dengan adanya disintegrasi epitel, vasodilatasi pembuluh darah, dan sebukan sel radang. Berat badan Mus musculus menurun pada saat terjadi ulser dan kembali normal pada saat pulih. Rata-rata waktu pemulihan terjadi pada hari kesembilan yang ditandai secara klinis tidak tampak ulser, secara mikroskopis, epitel kembali pulih, vasodilatasi pembuluh darah dan sebukan sel radang yang berkurang. Kesimpulan : Model ulser traumatik termal pada mukosa lateral lidah Mus musculus dapat dibuat terstandar dan waktu terbentuk serta pulihnya ulser dapat ditetapkan.

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ABSTRACTBackgrounds There hasn 39 t been a standard on ulcer animal model for efficacy and safety study of ulcers drugs. Objectives To create a standard for thermal traumatic ulcer model on Mus musculus tongue. Methods Five Mus musculus of experimental group were exposed to thermal traumatic 800C for 5 seconds on to the left lateral tongue mucosa using ball pointed instrument. Animal model exposed to thermal traumatic being evaluated at day 0th,1st,8th,9th,10th macroscopically and microscopically. Results Ulcer on lateral tongue mucosa was formed at first day supported by epitel disintegration, capillary vasodilation, and inflammatory cells around damaged mucosa microscopically. Animal models weight decreased when ulcer was formed and back to normal on healing period. While the average healing time clinically occurred at ninth day supported by re epithelialization, decreased capillary vasodilatation and inflammatory cells microscopically. Conclusion Standardization of thermal traumatic ulcer model on lateral tongue mucosas Mus musculus can be made. The forming time and healing time of the ulcer on lateral tongue mucosas Mus musculus can be determined. "

""Molecular Neuropharmacology offers a clear, thorough explanation of the molecular functioning of the nervous system in normal and disease states. More than three hundred full-color illustrations along with didactic text boxes provide an in-depth understanding of nerve cell receptors, their effectors and second messenger targets, and the molecular genetics that are often impacted by these systems. You will also learn how malfunction of these molecular systems relates to human disease and the corresponding medical treatment." "Molecular Neuropharmacology is the most relevant, well-written resource available to help you make the connection between neuropharmacology and clinical neuroscience."--BOOK JACKET."