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"Proses oksidasi senyawa organik selama proses ozonisasi merupakan faktor utama meningkatnya kadar formaldehid di dalam air minum. Menurut IPCS dan IARC konsentrasi formaldehid di dalam air minum diharapkan kurang dari 100 μg/L. Sedang menurut Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan (Kepmenkes) RI Nomor 907/Menkes/SK/VII/2002 tentang Syarat-Syarat dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air Minum, kadar maksimum yang diperbolehkan adalah sebesar 900 μg/L. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan adanya formaldehid dalam air minum dalam kemasan. Penetapan kadar dilakukan dengan metode kolorimetri menggunakan pereaksi Nash. Panjang gelombang analisis adalah 412,40 nm dan pengukuran serapan warna yang terbentuk maksimum 20 menit setelah tahap mereaksikan selesai. Dari 5 sampel yang diperiksa, 1 diantaranya positif mengandung formaldehid dengan kadar antara 50 - 67 μg/L Kadar yang terdapat di dalam sampel tidak melebihi batas maksimum yang diperbolehkan.Formaldehyde in drinking water arises mainly from the oxidation of natural organic matter during ozonation. According to IPCS and IARC concentrations of formaldehyde in drinking-water are expected to be less than 100 μg/L. And according to Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation Number 907/Menkes/SK/VII/2002 about Drinking Water Quality Observation and Conditions, concentrations of formaldehyde in drinkingwater are expected to be less than 900 μg/L. Therefore, a research for determine formaldehyde in bottled and packaged drinking water is necessary to be done. The level of formaldehyde can be determined with colorimetric method using Nash reagent. The maximum wave length analysis is 412,40 nm and measure the color that was showed maximum 20 minutes after the reaction's step was finished. The result of inspection from 5 samples, 1 sample shows contain formaldehyde on level of 50 μg/L - 67μg/L. In conclusion the level of the content within the sample didn't exceed the maximum in drinking water."

"Ion fluorida dibatasi jumlahnya karena mempunyai efek buruk pada gigi yang berupa fluorosis gigi yang tidak dapat diobati. Namun disamping pengaruh buruk tersebut, ion fluorida mempunyai manfaat dalam menurunkan angka caries pada gigi bila digunakan dalam konsentrasi tertentu. Oleh karenanya, konsentrasi ion fluorida dalam air minum yang optimum adalah yang dapat memberikan manfaat menurunkan caries gigi tetapi tidak menimbulkan fluorosis pada gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur kadar ion fluorida pada sampel air minum dalam kemasan. Analisis kuantitatif kadar ion fluorida dilakukan secara spektrofotometri visible pada panjang gelombang maksimum 576 nm menggunakan pereaksi sodium 2-parasulfofenylazo 20-1,8-dihidroksi-3,6- naftalen disulfonat (SPADNS)-asam zirkonil. Hasil validasi metode menunjukkan batas deteksi 0,0550 mg/L, batas kuantitasi 0,1833 mg/L, dan koefisien variasi 0,34%. Perolehan kembali ion fluorida pada sampel air minum dalam kemasan berada dalam rentang 80-110%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar ion fluorida pada air minum dalam kemasan masih dalam batas kadar yang diizinkan. Berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia, batas maksimum kadar fluorida yang diperbolehkan sebesar 1,0 mg/L dan berdasarkan FDA (Food and Drug Administration), kadar maksimum ion fluorida adalah 1,5 mg/L. Rata-rata kadar ion fluorida pada sampel air minum dalam kemasan yang diuji masih dalam batas normal yakni antara 0,1 mg/L sampai 0,46 mg/L.

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Fluoride ion was restricted due to its health effects on dental fluorosis that could not be repaired. But in addition to adverse effects, fluoride ion has benefits in reducing dental caries when used in certain concentration. Therefore, the concentration of fluoride ion in drinking water is the optimum that can provide the benefits of reducing dental caries, but did not cause dental fluorosis.

The aim of this research was to identify and measure the levels of fluoride ion in bottled drinking water samples. Quantitative analysis of fluoride ion concentration visible spectrophotometry with maximum wavelength 576 nm using acid zirconylsodium 2-parasulfofenylazo 20-1,8-dihidroksi-3,6-naftalen disulfonat (SPADNS) reagent. The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and coefficient of variation for fluoride ion were 0,0550 mg/L, 0,1833 mg/L, and 0,34%, respectively. Recovery of fluoride ion in samples of bottled drinking water were in the range of 80-110%.

The result showed levels of fluoride ion in bottled drinking water is still within the limits permitted. In the Indonesian national standard, the maximum permitted concentration of fluoride ion 1.0 mg/L and according to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), the maximum levels of fluoride ion is 1,5 mg/L. The average level of fluoride ion in bottled drinking water samples tested within normal range between 0,1 mg/L until 0,46 mg/L."

"Packaged Drinking Water (AMDK) is a type of industrial products that has been well-known in Indonesia and has even become a potential export commodity. Good market condition and good prospect for AMDK industry have invited many investors to take part in this business. This has made AMDK industry develop rapidly. In line with such development, in order to make the product competitive in the market and also to be able to protect consumers, the technical requirements of AMDK industry needs to be well observed so that the product is safe to be consumed. To support such things, it is urgent that AMDK industry implement the imposed quality standard. AMDK companies operating in West Sumatra also have to do the same thing. However, in practice, many problems and violations in the implementation of such requirements can be found.This research is aimed at making clear of the implementation of the compulsory Indonesian National Standard (SNI) imposed on AMDK companies operating in West Sumatra, in order to lind out factors that can hinder the implementation of such SNI policies. The research method applied was qualitative descriptive which was based on explanations, that technically focusing attention on phenomena of the factual implementation of the compulsory SNI imposed on AMDK companies operating in West Sumatra.The research found that the compulsory Indonesian National Standard (SNI) imposed on AMDK companies operating in West Sumatra has been implemented but not optimally, as indicated by some violations of the implementation of the compulsory Indonesian National Standard (SNI) imposed on AMDK companies operating in West Sumatra, i.e. there are still unregistered products sold in the market and the faking of products. Obedience and responsibility of the AMDK companies in West Sumatra is still low because optimal law enforcement and control have not been carried out by local officials who have authorization to follow up violations. While the aspect of context of policy shows that the compulsory SNI for AMDK is facing the fact of unlatch between the data of AMDK companies found in the tield and the data of AMDK companies registered at related regional offices that causes problems because the implementation of the compulsory SNI for AMDK, anyhow, involves regional level officials. The possible factors that can influence the implementation of the compulsory SNI on AMDK operating in West Sumatra, among others: coordination, obedience and responsibility of the AMDK companies, characteristics of institutions, roles and functions in implementing the policies of the compulsory SNI for AMDK.The rules mentioned in the lndustry and Trade Ministers Decision Number 705/MPP/Kep/11/2003 on Technical Requirements for Packaged Drinking Water and its trade should be well implemented by the related regional and local officials because the decision of the minister can be used as a reference in giving guidance to AMDK companies. To realize this, socialization is needed to be carried out by national level related ofiices to regional and local ofhcials so that there will be no more misunderstandings on the contents, goals and purposes of such policies. For that, capability improvement of the oflicials in charge of guiding industrial and trading sectors needs to be done by carrying out technical and managerial courses and trainings as well as through completion of supporting means. To make the controlling tasks easy to carry out by related offices, SNI number for each industry needs different code, so that violation of the use of SNI can be traced quickly. Continuous campaign and socialization on product standardization is expected to be carried out by regional government in order to improve the perception of West Sumatra people on products that have SNI."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh persepsi pada promosi penjualan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada merek. Persepsi pada promosi penjualan adalah interpretasi pelanggan mengenai program Ufia Infaq Rp15/liter. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menyebar kuesioner kepada 72 orang responden. Melalui uji Spearman ditemukan bahwa ada hubungan yang sangat kuat antara persepsi pada promosi penjualan dengan keputusan pembelian pada merek. Hasil lanjutannya menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pembelian pada merek dipengaruhi oleh persepsi pada promosi penjualan. Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi akademis dan praktis dalam memaksimalkan fungsi program promosi penjualan dalam menciptakan keputusan pembelian pada merek. Serta memberikan implikasi studi bahwa model proses IMC dapat digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan proses terjadinya promosi penjualan akan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian pada pelanggan.

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The aim of the research is find out the perception influence of sales promotion on purchase decision of brand. The perception of sales promotion is customer interpretation about Ufia Infaq Rp15/liter programmed. The research used quantitative approach which spread a questioner to 72 respondent. Through Spearman test there found relation between perception of sales promotion with purchase decision of brand. Another result has shown that purchase decision of brand had influenced by perception of sales promotion. The research result can use for academic and practical recommendation to increase sales promotion program which can create a purchase decision of brand. It had an implication with IMC Process Model that can explain process of sales promotion will influence the customer purchase decision."

"Penjualan produk AMDK di e-commerce melibatkan visibilitas dengan adanya promosi. Keberhasilan ini dapat terukur dengan gross merchandise value (GMV). Diperlukan analisis prediksi GMV terhadap variabel-variabel eksternal sebagai parameter kuantitatif dari promosi, yaitu lalu lintas pengunjung (traffic) dan tingkat konversi (conversion rate). Hal ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah strategi visibilitas yang dilakukan telah berhasil untuk meningkatkan penjualan. Prediksi dilakukan dengan membandingkan ketiga model, yaitu ARIMA, ARIMAX, dan XGBoost. Hasil prediksi menunjukkan bahwa model ARIMAX memberikan performa yang lebih baik dalam melakukan prediksi. Model juga menyebutkan bahwa kedua variabel memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam prediksi model GMV, dibuktikan.

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Selling AMDK products in e-commerce involves visibility through promotions. This success can be measured by gross merchandise value (GMV). GMV prediction analysis is needed on external variables as quantitative parameters of the promotion, namely traffic and conversion rate. This is done to see whether the visibility strategy implemented has been successful in increasing sales. Predictions are made by comparing the three models, namely ARIMA, ARIMAX, and XGBoost. The prediction results show that the ARIMAX model provides better performance in making predictions. The model also states that the two variables have a significant influence in the GMV prediction model, as evidenced by the p-value of each variable being below 0.05 and feature importance being positive."

"Permintaan air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) yang terus meningkat memiliki dampak negatif sebagai konsekuensi dari melonjaknya jumlah produksi. Sebagai produk yang memiliki banyak varian dengan daerah persebaran yang luas tentunya membutuhkan proses logistik yang panjang dan rumit. Salah satu masalah yang terjadi adalah tingginya tingkat kerusakan (defect) karton kemasan air minum selama proses logistik berlangsung. Penelitian ini mencoba melakukan analisa secara integratif melalui pendekatan ergonomi mikro dan ergonomi makro khususnya yang berkaitan dengan mikroergonomi dan teori organisasi. Beberapa hipotesis akan dikembangkan untuk mengetahui pengaruhatau hubungan variabel ergonomi mikro dan ergonomi makro yang berbasis pada pengkategorian sistem level organisasi terhadap permasalahan pada kerusakan karton kemasan. Penggunaan metode regresi berganda (multiple regression) sebagai alat dalam menglah data diyakini lebih efektif untuk mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh dimensi-dimensi tersebut terhadap permasalahan yang ada di industri air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK). Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi teoritis, implikasi manajerial dan kebijakan terkait dengan penyelesaian masalah baik teknis maupun non teknis di industri AMDK sebagai salah satu upaya untuk turut serta dalam membangun perekonomian Indonesia.

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Increasing demand of bottled drinking water (bottled water) has a negative impact as a consequence of the production inrease. As a product that has many variants with a wide distribution area certainly requires a long and complicated logistics process. One of problem that occurs is the high level of damage (defect) for carton packaging drinking water during the logistics process takes place. This study tried to perform an integrative analysis approach, especially with regard to ergonomi mikro dan ergonomi makroc theory that has mikroergonomic concepta nd organizational theory. Several hypotheses will be developed to determine the relationship between ergonomi mikro dan ergonomi makroc variables based on the organization level system on the packaging carton problem. The use of multiple regression analysis is believed more effective to determine the relationship of these dimensions to the existing problems of bottled drinking water industry. The results of this study are expected can give theoretical contribution, managerial implications and policy that can solve the problems both technical and non-technical in the bottled water industry as a way to participate in building the economy of Indonesia."