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"Rendahnya kepatuhan dan self efficacy menjadi masalah yang signifikan untuk penggunaan obat hipertensi. Keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan menyebabkan pemberian informasi sulit dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas konseling dibandingkan dengan leaflet terhadap peningkatan self efficacy dan kepatuhan pasien serta penurunan tekanan darah pasien menggunakan obat hipertensi di Puskesmas Pancoran Mas dan Puskesmas Beji Depok. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperimen. Pengambilan data dilakukan dari bulan Maret sampai Juni 2013 dengan 37 pasien pada kelompok yang mendapatkan konseling dan 36 pasien pada kelompok yang mendapatkan leaflet. Penilaian self efficacy menggunakan skala MUSE dan untuk kepatuhan menggunakan MMAS 8. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konseling dan leaflet dapat meningkatkan self efficacy (P=0,000) dan kepatuhan (P=0,000) pasien, serta dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistol (P=,010) pada kelompok konseling dan menurunkan tekanan darah sistol (P=0,000) maupun diastol (P=0,019) pada kelompok leaflet. Tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok konseling dan leaflet dalam meningkatkan self efficacy (P=0,401) dan kepatuhan pasien P=(0,374) serta menurunkan tekanan sistol (P=0,663) dan tekanan diastol (P=0,466).

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Low adherence and self efficacy was significant problem for using medication. However, the limitation of medical personnel makes medical information service is very hard to be done. The research purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of counselling and leaflet againts self efficacy and adherence as well as the blood pressure of hypertension patients using the medication in Puskesmas Beji and Puskesmas Pancoran Mas Depok. Data collection was conducted from March to June 2013 with with 37 patients in the group receiving counseling and 36 patients in the group receiving leaflets. Self efficacy assessment using MUSE scale and adherence using the MMAS 8.

The result showed that counselling and leaflet can increase patient adherence (P=0.000) and self efficacy (P=0.000) and can lower systolic blood pressures (P=0.010) in group counseling and lowers systolic (P=0.000) and diastolic blood (P=0.019) pressure in the leaflet group. There was no difference between group counseling and leaflets to increase self-efficacy (P= 0.401) and patient adherence (P=0.374) and lower systolic pressure (P = 0.663) and diastolic pressure (P = 0.466)."

"Latar belakang. Hipertensi dapat terjadi pada semua orang termasuk para karyawan. Salah satu faktor risiko hipertensi antara lain adalah faktor stresor di lingkungan kerja. Oleh karena itu perlu diidentifikasi faktor stresor kerja dan faktor lainnya yang berpengaruh terhadap risiko hipertensi.Metode. Desain penelitian ialah nested case-control. Kasus adalah karyawan yang menderita hipertensi atau sedang makan obat antihipertensi. Satu kasus dipadankan dengan dua orang kontrol menurut tahun kasus didiagnosis hipertensi dan menurut jenis kelamin. Kontrol dipilih di antara karyawan yang tidak pernah menderita hipertensi. Semua faktor risiko pada kasus dan kontrol dihitung sampai saat kasus didiagnosis hipertensi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di antara karyawan kantor pusat PT A Jakarta bulan Mei 2004 dengan jumlah karyawan 255 orang.Hasil. Diperoleh 70 kasus hipertensi dan 140 kontrol. Subjek berumur 25 sampai 65 tahun. Risiko hipertensi berkaitan dengan stresor beban kualitas berlebih, stresor beban kuantitas berlebih, pengembangan karir, umur tua (55-65 tahun), obesitas, merokok, dan adanya riwayat hipertensi di antara keluarga. Sedangkan faktor ketaksaan peran, konflik peran, dan tsnggung jawab tidak terbukti mempertinggi risiko hipertensi. Jika dibandingkan dengan stresor beban kualitas ringan, siresor beban kualitas sedang tinggi mempertinggi risiko hipertensi 7 kali lipat [rasio odds (OR) suaian = 7,47; 95% interval kepercayaan (Cl) = 1,40-39,76]. Selanjutnya jika dibandingkan dengan stresor beban kuantitas ringan, stresor beban kuantitas yang sedang - tinggi mempertinggi risiko hipertensi 4 kali lipat (OR suaian = 4,10; 95% CI =1,06-15,90).Kesimpulan. Stresor beban kualitas berlebih, stresor kuantitas berlebih dan stresor pengembangan karir (moderat) mempertinggi risiko hipertensi, oleh karena itu stresor tersebut perlu dicegah.

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Job Stressors and Other Risk Factors Related to Hypertension Risk Among PTA Employees in Jakarta Background. Every one including employees may suffer hypertension. Several risk factors including job stress are related to hypertension. Therefore, it is beneficiary to identifies the risk factors.

Methods. This study used nested case-control design. Case was defined as an employee who had hypertension, or those who were under antihypertension treatment. One case was matched with two controls that never had hypertension and by gender. All risk factors were counted as of reference date for cases. This study has been done on 255 subjects among center office PTA employees in Jakarta in May 2004.

Results. There were 70 cases and 140 controls aged 25 to 65 years. Hypertension was related to quality job overload , quantity job overload, career development, elder age, obesity, current and past smoking habits, and present offamily history on hypertension. However, it was noted that role ambiguity, role conflict, and responsibility did not increase the risk of hypertension. Compared with those who had mild qualitative job stressor, those who had moderate or heavy qualitative job stressor had a seven folds risk having hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 7.47; 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.40-39.76]. In addition, relative to those who had mild quantitative job stressor, those who had moderate or heavy ones had four times increased risk to have hypertension (adjusted OR = 4.10; 95% C1=1.06-15.90).

Conclusion. Moderate or heavy qualitative job stressor, moderate or heavy quantitative job stressor and career development increase the risk of hypertension, therefore these stressors need to be prevented."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Kelelahan umum merupakan salah satu faktor risiko untuk terjadi kecelakaan kerja. Peningkatan tekanan darah sering disertai dengan kondisi lelah pada seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perubahan tekanan darah (sistolik, diastolik,MAP) dengan timbulnya kelelahan umum dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan pada operator heavy dump truck di Binungan yaitu usia, status perkawinan, status gizi, kebiasaan olah raga, kebiasaan merokok, shift kerja, lama kerja,dan stres kerja.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 125 responden yang dipilih secara propotional random. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, data medical check up dan kuesioner. Pengukuran kelelahan dan tekanan darah menggunakan tensimeter dan waktu reaksi L77 Lakassidaya yang diukur sebelum dan sesudah bekerja. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear untuk variabel numerik dan uji regresi logistik untuk variabel katagorik.Hasil : Prevalensi kelelahan umum operator sebelum kerja sebesar 20% dan sesudah kerja 22.4% dengan tingkat kelelahan ringan. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan pada operator yaitu masa kerja > 3 tahun (r = 0.268) dengan nilai adjusted R square sebesar 6.4%. Faktor-faktor lain yang diteliti tidak berhubungan dengan kelelahan umum.Kesimpulan : Perubahan tekanan darah tidak berhubungan dengan kelelahan umum. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan umum adalah masa kerja.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Increased blood pressure is often associated with general fatigue which one of risk factors for accidents in the workplace. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and MAP) with general fatigue and related factors related such as age, marital status, nutritional status, exercise, smoke, shift work, working periode, and stres.Methodology: this study used a cross-sectional design with 125 respondents selected by proportional random sampling. Data collected through interviews, medical check-up data and questionnaires. Fatigue and blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer and Lakassidaya L77 reaction time measured before and after work. Analysis data using linear regression test for numerical variables and logistic regression for catagorical variables.Result : The prevalence of general fatigue in operators before work is 20% and 22.4% after working with mild fatigue level. Factors that related to fatigue is working period > 3 years with adjusted R-square value of 6.4% (r =0.268).Other factors are not associated with general fatigue. Conclusions: Blood pressure are not associated with general fatigue. Working periode is associated with general fatigue.;Background : Increased blood pressure is often associated with general fatigue which one of risk factors for accidents in the workplace. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and MAP) with general fatigue and related factors related such as age, marital status, nutritional status, exercise, smoke, shift work, working periode, and stres.Methodology: this study used a cross-sectional design with 125 respondents selected by proportional random sampling. Data collected through interviews, medical check-up data and questionnaires. Fatigue and blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer and Lakassidaya L77 reaction time measured before and after work. Analysis data using linear regression test for numerical variables and logistic regression for catagorical variables.Result : The prevalence of general fatigue in operators before work is 20% and 22.4% after working with mild fatigue level. Factors that related to fatigue is working period > 3 years with adjusted R-square value of 6.4% (r =0.268).Other factors are not associated with general fatigue. Conclusions: Blood pressure are not associated with general fatigue. Working periode is associated with general fatigue., Background : Increased blood pressure is often associated with general fatigue which one of risk factors for accidents in the workplace. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and MAP) with general fatigue and related factors related such as age, marital status, nutritional status, exercise, smoke, shift work, working periode, and stres.Methodology: this study used a cross-sectional design with 125 respondents selected by proportional random sampling. Data collected through interviews, medical check-up data and questionnaires. Fatigue and blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer and Lakassidaya L77 reaction time measured before and after work. Analysis data using linear regression test for numerical variables and logistic regression for catagorical variables.Result : The prevalence of general fatigue in operators before work is 20% and 22.4% after working with mild fatigue level. Factors that related to fatigue is working period > 3 years with adjusted R-square value of 6.4% (r =0.268).Other factors are not associated with general fatigue. Conclusions: Blood pressure are not associated with general fatigue. Working periode is associated with general fatigue.]"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi hipertensi sistolik terisolasi (HST) pada populasi berusia 40 tahun ke atas di Indonesia serta faktor-faktor risiko yang ada.Metode : Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang; subyek diperoleh dari pasien yang berobat ke dokter dan keluarga atau pengantar mereka. Dokter terpilih secara acak dari 11 kotamadya dan 11 kabupaten yang terpilih secara acak (systematic random sampling assignment) dari lima pulau besar Indonesia dan satu kepulauan Maluku. Nilai pengukuran tekanan darah menggunakan nilai baku dari 3NC VII tahun 2003.Hasil : Subyek yang terkumpul adalah 4436 orang dan HST terdapat pada 316 subyek. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap HST adalah umur (OR 1,06 ; 95%CI 1,06 - 1,07), riwayat DM (OR 1,44 ; 95%CI 1,04 - 2,02) , dan riwayat gagal ginjal (OR 1,71 ; 95%CI 0,99 - 2,94). Pada subyek yang merokok, rerata lama merokok yang menderita HST adalah 28,78±14,45 bulan sedangkan yang tidak menderita HST adalah 22,33±11,80 bulan (p = 0,003).Kesimpulan : Prevalensi HST adalah 7,12%. Terdapat hubungan antara umur, riwayat DM dan gagal ginjal dengan HST. Pada penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan antara merokok, riwayat keluarga dengan hipertensi dan indeks massa tubuh dengan HST. Pada subyek yang merokok, ternyata lama merokok berbubungan dengan kejadian HST.Daftar pustaka: 37 (1994-2003).

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Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Indonesia, Prevalence and Risk FactorsObjective of this study was to examine the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) amongst Indonesia people at the age of 40 years and over with its associated risk factors.

Methods: Cross sectional study; subjects were collected from persons who visited their doctors or their families. Doctors participated in this study were randomly assigned from 11 cities and 11 district area at five big islands and archipelago also in a systematic random sampling assignment. Measurement of blood pressure were using the standard procedure stated in INC VII (2003).

Results: Of the 4436 subjects, 316 persons met the criteria of ISH. Factors associated with ISH were age (OR 1.06 ; 95%CI 1.06 - 1.07), history of DM (OR 1.44 ; 95%CI 1.04 - 2.02) , and history of renal failure (OR 1.71 ; 95%CI 0.99 - 2.94). Amongst subjects who were smoking, mean duration of smoking in ISH persons was 28.78±14.45 months while in non-ISH persons was 22,33±11,80 months ( p = 0.003).

Conclusion: The prevalence of ISH was 7.12%. Age, history of DM and history of renal failure were associated with ISH. There were no association between smoking, family history of hypertension and body mass index with ISH in this study. Amongst smoking subjects, the duration of smoking was associated with ISH.

References: 37 (1994-2003)"

"Perhatian terhadap hipertensi mulai berkembang di Indonesia sejak akhir tahun 1950-an di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia dan R.S.Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo. Laporan pertama hasil penelitian terhadap kelompok penderita hipertensi disampaikan oleh Murdowo (1973) dalam Kongres Ahli Penyakit Dalam Indonesia kedua meliputi 91 penderita rawat inap di RSU Sanglah Denpasar. Laporan pertama survai mengenai hipertensi baik dari masyarakat perkotaan (Semarang) maupun masyarakat pedesaan (kabupaten Blora) disampaikan oleh Boedhi Darmojo pada Kongres Nasional Ahli Penyakit Dalam ke 3 (1975) dan kemudian diikuti oleh laporan survai di pelbagai daerah Indonesia pada kongres-kongres berikutnya. Penelitian yang berskala nasional dan meliputi beberapa daerah dilaksanakan oleh Kartari (1976,1988). Dari keseluruhan data survai yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan prevalensi hipertensi rata-rata dalam masyarakat Indonesia adalah 8.99 %."

"The analysis of hypertension prevalence for Indonesia citizen aging of 15 years old and its risk factors has been conducted. Data of National Health Basic Survey (Riskesdas) 2007 and National Health Basic Survey (Riskesdas) 2007 and National Health Survey (Susenas) 2007 data were used...."

"Terapi komplementer yang dapat diberikan pada pasien hipertensi primer adalah teknik relaksasi, salah satunya adalah terapi masase. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi masase menggunakan minyak aromaterapi terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu dengan rancangan rangkaian waktu (Time Series Design) dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Besarnya sampel pada penelitian ini 42 orang, dimana jumlah responden pada kelompok terapi masase menggunakan minyak aromaterapi 24 orang dan kelompok terapi masase menggunakan minyak VCO (virgin coconut oil) 18 orang. Setiap responden mendapatkan terapi masase pada area kaki, punggung, bahu, lengan atas, leher dan kepala selama 30 menit 2 kali per minggu selama 3 minggu. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada pengaruh terapi masase menggunakan minyak aromaterapi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah sistolik-diastolik pasien hipertensi primer (p value < 0,05). Terapi masase menggunakan minyak aromaterapi lebih efektif menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik dibandingkan dengan terapi masase menggunakan minyak VCO. Sedangkan terapi masase menggunakan minyak VCO lebih efektif menurunkan tekanan darah diastolik dibandingkan dengan terapi masase menggunakan minyak aromaterapi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa terapi masase menggunakan minyak aromaterapi dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan dan mengendalikan tekanan darah tinggi pasien hipertensi primer serta perlu dikembangkan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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Message therapy is one of the complementary therapies that can be given to Primary Hypertension Patient. This study aims to examine the influence of message therapy using aroma therapy oil on primary hypertension patient’s blood pressure. The quasi experiment with time series design was used in this study. Forty two respondents were recruited using consecutive sampling method, where 24 respondents were grouped into message using aroma therapy and another 18 respondents using VCO (virgin coconut oil). Each of respondents had message therapy on foot, back, shoulder, upper arm, neck, and head areas for 30 minutes twice a week within 3 weeks.

The result shows that there was significant influence of message using aroma therapy oil on hypertension patient's blood pressure (p value < 0,05). Message using aroma therapy oil was more effective in decreasing systolic blood pressure compare to those who had message with VCO. However, message using VCO was more effective in decreasing diastolic blood pressure compare to those who had message with aroma therapy oil.

It is recommended that message using aroma therapy oil can decrease and maintain normal systolic blood pressure on primary hypertension patients. This study needs further investigation on how message and other complementary therapy can maintain normal blood pressure."

"ABSTRAKIsometric Handgrip Exercise merupakan salah satu terapi non farmakologis yang dikembangkan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh isometric handgrip exercise terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Desain penelitian quasi experiment dengan pendekatan control group pretest posttest design pada 44 responden meliputi kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan latihan handgrip selama 3 menit, sekali sehari dan dilakukan selama 5 hari. Kedua kelompok dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah sebelum dan setelah latihan pada hari 1 dan ke 5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah isometric handgrip exercise secara bermakna dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik dan tekanan darah diastolik. Hasil penelitian ini diharapakan menjadi dasar isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) sebagai intervensi keperawatan yang mandiri dan inovatif pada asuhan keperawatan klien dengan hipertensi

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ABSTRACTAn Isometric Handgrip Exercise is one of the non-pharmacological therapies that is developed to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on changes in blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A Quasi experimental research design approach pretest posttest control group design was employed with 44 respondents included control and intervention groups. The intervention group got handgrip exercise for 3 minutes, once a day and performed for 5 days. Both groups performed measurements of blood pressure before and after exercise on days 1 and 5. The results showed that there is influence of isometric handgrip exercise on changes in blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Conclusion of this study is the isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) can significantly lower systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The result of this study recommended that isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) can bean independen and innovative therapeutic nursing intervension in nursing care of patients with hypertension."

"Tidur yang cukup merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk pemeliharaan fungsi kardiovaskular. Penelitan ini merupakan penelitian descriptive correlative dengan desain studi cross sectional yang bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Beji-Depok terhadap 97 pasien hipertensi rawat jalan yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Kualitas tidur diukur menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sedangkan tekanan darah diukur menggunakan sphygmomanometer digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden yaitu sebanyak 87 orang (89,7 %) memiliki kualitas tidur buruk (PSQI ≥ 5), sedangkan hanya 10 orang (10,3 %) memiliki kualitas tidur baik (PSQI ≤ 5). Rata-rata tekanan darah responden secara keseluruhan 145,19/86,15 mmHg. Hasil analisis uji T independent menunjukan secara statistik tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah. Namun, secara klinis hasil analisis data menunjukkan responden yang memiliki kualitas tidur buruk memiliki tekanan darah lebih tinggi daripada responden yang memiliki kualitas tidur baik dengan mean differece sistolik sebesar 6,228 mmHg dan mean difference diastolik 4,409 mmHg.

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Adequate sleep is a basic need which is important to maintain cardiovascular system function. It is a descriptive correlative study using cross sectional approach which aims to identify the relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure on hypertensive patient. The research was conducted in Public Health Center of Beji-Depok towards 97 participants recruited using consecutive sample method. Sleep quality is measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and blood pressure is measured using digital sphygmomanometer.

The result shows that 83 participants (89.7 %) have poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 5) while only 10 partcipants (10.3 %) have good sleep quality (PSQI ≤ 5). The average blood pressure of all participants is 145.19/86.15 mmHg. Statistical analysis using T independent test shows there is no significant relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure. However, in clinical basis the result shows a significant difference. Clinically speaking, participants with poor sleep quality indicates higher blood pressure compare to those with better sleep quality with systolic mean difference of 6.228 mmHg and diastolic mean difference of 4.409 mmHg."