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"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang desain penerapan Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan (SML) berbasis standar ISO 14001 pada sektor jasa laboratorium. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat SUCOFINDO yang akan menerapkan SML. Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei, studi literatur dan observasi lapangan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih minimnya sektor jasa laboratorium dalam menerapkan dan mendapatkan sertifikat SML ISO 14001. Oleh karena itu perlu desain yang tepat untuk membangun SML di laboratorium. Desain SML yang akan dibangun di Laboratorium Pusat SUCOFINDO yaitu mempertimbangkan masukan dari hasil analisis kendala penerapan dan pemahaman tenaga kerja terkait manfaat sertifikasi SML. Hasil keluaran dari penelitian ini adalah desain integrasi Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) yang telah diterapkan terlebih dahulu dengan Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan (SML) yang akan direncanakan di Laboratorium Pusat SUCOFINDO, desain tersebut dinamakan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan, Kesehatan Kerja dan Lingkungan (SMK3L). Keluaran lainnya dari penelitian ini adalah desain program monitoring dan rencana strategi aplikasi desain SMK3L berbasis SML ISO 14001.Berdasarkan survei dari karyawan Laboratorium Pusat SUCOFINDO kendala utama penerapan SML adalah 1) kurangnya pengetahuan dan pengalaman di dalam penanganan lingkungan sebesar 59%, 2) belum adanya pelatihan berkaitan dengan SML sebesar 69%, 3) kendala penetapan tugas dan tanggung jawab terhadap setiap personil sebesar 64%. Pemahaman karyawan terkait manfaat utama sertifikasi SML diperoleh 81% menyatakan setuju bahwa penerapan sertifikasi SML mempunyai banyak manfaat. Pemahaman karyawan terhadap manfaat sertifikasi yang paling utama adalah 1) meningkatkan tingkat jaminan terhadap kesehatan dan keselamatan tenaga kerja terkait dampak lingkungan sebesar 93%, 2) memperbaiki proses mutu internal terkait pengelolaan lingkungan sebesar 91%, 3) manfaat yang paling utama adalah sertifikasi SML dapat meningkatkan citra perusahaan sebesar 95%.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses about the design implementation of Environmental Management System (EMS) based on ISO 14001 for laboratory services sector . This research was conducted at the SUCOFINDO Central Laboratory which will apply EMS. The research approach is qualitative, conducted using survey methods, literature studies and field observations. This research is motivated by the lack of laboratory services sector in applying and getting the certificate of ISO 14001 EMS. Therefore it is necessary to establish proper design EMS in the laboratory. The design of EMS to be built in the SUCOFINDO Central Laboratory is considering input from the analysis constraints of application and employees understanding related benefits of EMS certification. The output of this research is the integration of design Ocuupational Safety and Health Management System (OHSMS) which has been applied first follow by the Environmental Management System (EMS) which will be planned in SUCOFINDO Central Laboratory, the design called Occupational, Safety, Health and Environment Management System (OHSEMS) . Another output from this research is the design of the monitoring program and strategic plan design application SMK3L based on ISO 14001 EMS.Based on a survey employees of the SUCOFINDO Central Laboratory, the main obstacle of application EMS are 1) 59% due to lack of knowledge and experience in the handling of the environment, 2) 69% due to lack of training related to the EMS, 3) 64% due to problem in setting tasks and responsibilities of each employees. The employee understanding due to main benefits of EMS certification obtained 81 % agree that the implementation of EMS certification has many benefits. The employee understanding for the main benefits of the certification are 1) increasing level of assurance to the health and safety of workers related to environmental impacts by 93 %, 2) improve the internal quality processes related to environmental management by 91 %, 3) the most important benefits of EMS certification may enhance the image of the company by 95 %."

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"Exploring the nature and role of environmental management, covering key principles, practices, tools, strategies and policies, this work focuses on sustainable development. It covers topics such as key resources under stress, environmental management tools, climate change and urban environmental management."

"Sustainable economic development : resources, environment, and institutions presents 25 articles that lay the foundations of sustainable development in a way that facilitates effective policy design. The editors mix broad thematic papers with focused micro-papers, balancing theories with policy designs.The book begins with two sections on sustainable development principles and practice and on specific settings where sustainable development is practiced. Two more sections illuminate institutions, governance, and political economy. Additional sections cover sustainable development and agriculture, and risk and economic security, including disaster management. This rich source of information should appeal to any institution involved in development work, and to development practitioners grappling with an array of difficult on-the-ground developmental challenges."

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Diluncurkan pada tahun 2013, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) merupakan salah satu mega proyek terbesar di dunia, dengan fokus utama pada pengembangan infrastruktur transportasi dan energi. Dengan skala dan ambisi yang besar, BRI mendapat banyak sorotan terkait dampak lingkungan dan keberlanjutannya. Sebagai tanggapan, komitmen hijau BRI diperkenalkan oleh China pada tahun 2017 dan diamplifikasi kembali pada tahun 2019. Sayangnya, masih banyak pihak yang skeptis bahwa komitmen hijau tersebut hanya sekadar greenwashing  untuk memperbaiki citra China di kancah global. Oleh karena itu, studi ini mengadopsi pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimental, menggunakan metodologi staggered multiple difference-in-difference untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas BRI sebelum dan setelah komitmen hijau dalam mengamplifikasi dampak lingkungan OFDI di negara-negara sepanjang rute. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa BRI tidak dapat mengamplifikasi pengaruh signifikan antara OFDI China dengan emisi CO2 per kapita secara keseluruhan. Setelah komitmen hijau diterapkan, OFDI menyebabkan penurunan emisi jika sebelum komitmen tersebut sebuah negara telah terlebih dahulu mengadopsi BRI. Jika tidak, penerapan Green BRI justru mengamplifikasi hubungan positif OFDI dan CO2 per kapita. Selain itu, dampak dari komitmen hijau BRI lebih bermanfaat di negara maju dan dengan tata kelola yang baik, sedangkan di negara berkembang, negara dengan kontrol korupsi lemah, serta negara yang dilalui jalur perdagangan utama BRI, kebijakan Green BRI cenderung meningkatkan emisi. Namun, perlu menjadi catatan bahwa meskipun Green BRI menciptakan pengaruh yang negatif, dampak tersebut tidak memiliki besaran yang signifikan secara ekonomi. Kondisi ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat kemungkinan besar greenwashing dalam kerangka komitmen hijau BRI terjadi, khususnya di negara berkembang dan tata kelola yang buruk. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi pemerintah dan sektor swasta di China serta negara-negara mitra untuk mengembangkan strategi yang memastikan manfaat lingkungan dari Green BRI dapat dirasakan secara holistik dan inklusif.

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Launched in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is one of the world's largest mega projects, primarily focusing on developing transportation and energy infrastructure. Due to its scale and ambition, the BRI has drawn considerable attention regarding its environmental impact and sustainability. In response to these concerns, China introduced the BRI green commitment in 2017, which was further emphasized in 2019. However, skepticism remains that this commitment might merely be a form of greenwashing. This study adopts an experimental quantitative approach, employing a staggered multiple difference-in-difference methodology to assess the effectiveness of BRI before and after the green commitments in amplifying the environmental impacts of China's outbound foreign direct investment (OFDI) in countries along the BRI route. The findings indicate that BRI does not significantly influence the relationship between China's OFDI and overall CO2 emissions per capita. Post-green commitment implementation, OFDI leads to a reduction in emissions if a country has already adopted BRI; otherwise, it enhances the positive relationship between OFDI and CO2 per capita. Additionally, the green commitments of BRI are more beneficial in developed countries and those with good governance, whereas in developing countries, those with weak corruption controls, and countries along BRI’s main trade routes, these policies tend to increase emissions. However, it is noteworthy that while Green BRI has a negative impact, the magnitude is not economically significant. This suggests a high likelihood of greenwashing within the BRI's green commitment framework, particularly in developing countries and those with poor governance. Therefore, it is crucial for the Chinese government, the private sector, and partner countries to devise strategies that ensure the holistic and inclusive realization of the Green BRI’s environmental benefits.

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