Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"One of the characteristic of legal anthropology, according to the author, is the refusal law in its formal and absolute form. The Vollenhoven's thesis on the importance of studying law as it is rooted in the Indonesian society and culture can be regarded as the emergence of legal anthropology in Indonesia. Nevertheless, studies on law from anthropological viewpoint have just been intensified since 1970s. In describing the history of law and the position of legal anthropology in the legal history, the author reveals the main contribution of ideas from some law scientist. One among the ideas is the importance of analyzing the contents of law in recent context without precluding its historical dimension. The analysis on the history of law should constitute explanation on how events emerge and develop so as to provide better understanding on various rules, concept, and institutions of law at recent times. The legal anthropology provides us with such understanding on how certain laws emerge, develop, and change, since it analyzes law in its very "natural" context or as the manifestation of socio-cultural aspects of a society."

"Throughout the world and over the centuries, societies have welcomed frightened, weary foreigners, the victims of prosecution and violence in their place of habitual residence. Basically every State has the responsibility of protecting refugees and asylum seekers within its territory. Protection of refugees and asylum seekers is a classical issue in International law. Nowadays more than 140 States have adopted International Instruments of Refugee Law. Eventhough the right to seek asylum has been enshrined in the Indonesian Constitution and the Human Rights Act: up to now Indonesia has not ratified or acceded to any international instrument on Refugees and has no national operational legislation dealing with the protection of refugee and asylum seeker. The objective of this paper was to discuss the urgency and the stumbling blocks of incorporating international instruments on Refugees into the Indonesian law. It should be born in mind that a national legislation concerning the protection of refugees and asylum seekers indicate commitment of a State to the protection and promotion of Human Rights in general An incorporation of refugee laws into the Indonesian legal system would fill the gap concerning the unavailability of operational legal instrument dealing with refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia."

"Pajak merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan pemerintah yang sangat penting. Pajakmenjadi salah satu sumber penting penerimaan negara untuk membiayai kegiatan negaradalam menjalankan tugasnya. Secara historis, pajak mulanya dipungut pemerintah untukmenjalankan tugas negara yang bersifat sederhana, penegakan keamanan dan pembiayaanperang. Namun dalam perkembangannya, pajak kini telah menjadi salah satu instrumentpemerintah untuk melakukan intervensi dan menciptakan keadilan, melalui kesetaraanekonomi. Skema pajak yang sering digunakan dan dipandang sebagai instrumen penciptaankeadilan adalah pajak progresif, dengan menetapkan beban atau porsi pajak lebih besarkepada individu atau kelompok yang memiliki kekayaan atau penghasilan lebih tinggi.Secara sederhana, pajak progresif dibangun dari asumsi bahwa dibutuhkan intervensipemerintah yang lebih besar untuk menciptakan kesejahteraan, keadilan, dan redistribusikekayaan. artikel ini bertujuan untuk membantah asumsi keadilan, redistribusi dan perlunyaintervensi negara dalam mencapai kesejahteraan melalui pajak progresif dan menunjukkanbahwa terdapat permasalahan kepentingan diri manusia yang menyebabkan kapitalismetidak cocok dengan pajak progresif. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, artikel ini d isusunmenggunakan metode refutasi, dengan cara mendekomposisi pajak progresif, kemudianmelakukan refutasi (membantah) terhadap asumsi-asumsi tersebut. Sehingga, dapat dilihatbahwa pajak progresif pada dasarnya tidak sesuai dengan asumsi-asumsi yangmembangunnya dan tidak cocok untuk dalam kondisi kapitalisme dan dunia saat ini yangsudah semakin terbuka antara satu sama lain.Tax is a very important government policy instrument. Tax is an important source of staterevenue to finance state activities in carrying out their duties. Historically, tax were initiallylevied by the government to carry out simple state tasks, security enforcement and warfinancing. But in its development, tax has now become one of the government instrumentsto intervene and create justice, through economic equality. Tax scheme often used and seenas instruments of creating justice are progressive taxes, by assigning a greater tax burden orportion to individuals or groups who have higher wealth or income. Put simply, progressivetax is built on the assumption that greater government intervention is needed to createwealth, justice and redistribution of wealth. This article aims to refute the assumptions ofjustice, redistribution and the need for state intervention in achieving prosperity throughprogressive tax and shows that there are problems of human self-interest that causecapitalism to be incompatible with progressive tax. To achieve this goal, this article hasbeen prepared using a refutation method, by decomposing progressive tax, then refute thoseassumptions. So, it can be seen that progressive taxation is fundamentally incompatiblewith the assumptions that built it and is not suitable for the current condition of capitalismand the world that are increasingly open to each other."