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"contens :1. entities (the players)2. instruments3. markets and marketplaces4. functions (activities)5. technology-systems, data, and networks6. global markets7. risk management8. regulation"

"Networks, systems, and data join the financial markets into a single interrelated environment that processes millions of transactions in real time. This volume, the third of four, investigates the interconnected nature of financial markets by examining networks, systems, and data in turn. Describing what technologies do instead of how they work, the book shows how they drive each step of the trading process. We learn why the speed and scope of financial automation are growing, and we observe the increasing importance of data in the regulatory process. Contributing to these explanations are visual cues that guide readers through the material. If knowledge comes from information, then this volume reveals much about the core of the finance industry. Explains how technologies and data make the financial markets one of the most automated industries. Describes how each step in the trading process employs technology and generates information. Presents major concepts with graphs and easily understood definitions."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris bahwa terdapat pengaruh Analisis financial distress, size dan book to market terhadap stock return perusahaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada 170 perusahan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2017. Financial distress diukur menggunakan Altman Z-Score. Hasil regresi menggunakan model fixed effect menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh financial distress dan book to market terhadap stock return. Hanya size yang berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap stock return.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the relationship of financial distress risk and the stock returns of financially distressed firms listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia. Non-financial firms listed on BEI are taken from the time-period of 2010-2017. Altman Z-Score ―bankruptcy prediction model‖ is used for the prediction of financial distress risk and forecasted the distress risk firms listed on BEI. The panel data is used to get the empirical findings and showed that the financial distress risk and book-to-market equity effect are statistically insignificant to explain the stock returns of distress firms due to the inefficiency of market. However, size effect is significant in explaining the stock returns of distress firms. The study also reveals that it is important to predict financial distress risk with a better predictor in order to avoid the uncertainties in BEI."

"An analysis of the risks faced by investors and savers interacting through financial institutions and financial markets, as well as strategies that can be adopted for controlling and managing risks. It focuses on new areas of operations in financial markets and institutions such as asset securitization, and, off-balance-sheet activities"

"Adanya peningkatan partisipasi dalam investasi pasar modal (capital market participation) di kalangan anak muda khususnya generasi Z yang berusia 18-25 dalam beberapa tahun terakhir merupakan fenomena yang cukup mengejutkan. Pasalnya investasi di pasar modal merupakan kegiatan yang cukup kompleks dan sering dikaitkan dengan pemahaman akan konsep keuangan yang tinggi. Literasi keuangan (financial literacy) sering dinilai sebagai salah satu faktor seseorang melakukan investasi di pasar modal. Semakin tinggi literasinya maka, akan semakin tinggi pula kemungkinan Ia akan melakukan investasi di pasar modal. Namun demikian, di banyak negara berkembang di dunia termasuk Indonesia, literasi keuangan masih cukup rendah. Di sisi lain, faktor efek orang terdekat juga dinilai sebagai faktor utama bagi generasi Z dalam pengambilan keputusannya termasuk keputusan finansial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap partisipasi generasi Z di pasar modal Indonesia menggunakan metode regresi probit. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi keuangan dan efek orang terdekat mempengaruhi keputusan generasi Z dalam berinvestasi di pasar modal.

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The increasing participation in capital market investment among young people, especially Generation Z aged 18-25, in recent years is a surprising phenomenon. This is because investing in the capital market is fairly a complex activity and is often associated with a high level of financial literacy. Financial literacy is often judged as one of the factors a person invests in the capital market. The higher the literacy rate, the higher the possibility that they will invest in the capital market. However, in many developing countries in the world including Indonesia, financial literacy is still quite low. On the other hand, the significant person effect factor is also considered a major factor for Generation Z in their decision making, including financial decisions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on the participation of Generation Z in the Indonesian capital market using the PROBIT regression method. The results of the study indicate that financial literacy and significant people affect the decisions of Generation Z in investing in the capital market."

"Jumlah investor saham di Indonesia semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, dimana pada tahun 2022 investor didominasi oleh kelompok generasi milenial. Prinsip dasar ekonomi klasik menganggap bahwa keputusan investasi terbentuk secara rasional, namun teori perilaku keuangan menganggap terdapat bias psikologi yang dapat memengaruhi keputusan keuangan individu. Herding behavior merupakan salah satu bias psikologis dimana investor mengikuti perilaku investor lain walaupun mereka memiliki informasi pribadi. Walaupun begitu, faktor kognitif yang didasari tingkat literasi keuangan yang memadai dapat membuat keputusan keuangan individu lebih berhati-hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara literasi keuangan dan herding behavior. Pengukuran literasi keuangan menggunakan alat ukur literasi keuangan yang dikembangkan oleh Chen dan Volpe (1998) yang telah dimodifikasi dan diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Irwan (2019). Herding behavior diukur menggunakan alat ukur yang dikembangkan oleh Phan dan Zhou (2014) yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Putri (2019). Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online melalui media sosial. Penelitian berhasil menghimpun 159 partisipan dan menunjukkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara Literasi Keuangan dan Herding Behavior pada investor generasi milenial, Chi2(4, n = 159) = 17.156, p < .05, dengan medium effect size (V = 0,232).

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The number of stock investors in Indonesia has been increasing from year to year which in 2022 investors are being dominated by Millennial Generation. The basic principles of classical economics assumed that investment decisions are formed rationally, however, behavioural financial theory argued that there are psychological biases that can influence financial decisions. Herding behavior is a psychological bias in which investors follow the behavior of others investors regardless their personal information. Neverthless, cognitive factors which is based on an adequate level of financial literacy can make financial decisions more careful. This study aims to determine the relationship between financial literacy and herding behavior. Measurement of financial literacy was using a Financial Literacy measurement developed by Chen and Volpe (1998) which has been modified and adapted to Indonesian by Irwan (2019). Herding behavior measurement was using a measurement developed by Phan and Zhou (2014) which has been adapted to Indonesian by Putri (2019). Data collection carried out by distributing online questionnaires through social media. The study gathered 159 participants and the result showed that there is a significant relationship between Financial Literacy and Herding Behavior among millennial generation investors, Chi2(4, n = 159) = 17.156, p < .05, with medium effect size (V = 0,232)."