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"Penelitian ini berfokus pada manajemen pemberian Visa on Arrival pada Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi. Hal ini dilakukan berkaitan dengan program pemerintah di bidang pariwisata yaitu Visit Indonesia Year 2008. Imigrasi sebagai penjaga pintu gerbang negara diharapkan turut menyukseskan program tersebut dengan membuat dan mengoptimalkan kemudahan di bidang Keimigrasian salah satunya adalah Visa on Arrival. Banyaknya keluhan yang timbul mengenai pelayanan Keimigrasian menimbulkan perhatian tersendiri dari masyarakat. Kurang ramahnya pelayanan dan kurangnya sarana pendukung pelaksanaan pemberian Visa on Arrival menjadi perhatian tersendiri dari masyarakat. Dengan melakukan analisa terhadap manajemen pemberian Visa on Arrival maka diharapkan diketahui bagaimana proses pemberian Visa on Arrival hingga sejauh mana masyarakat melihat kualitas pemberian Visa on Arrival pada saat ini. Tidak adanya perencanaan dan pola pengembangan karier yang ketat menurunkan tingkat profesionalisme pegawai Imigrasi. Penurunan profesionalisme ini dikhawatirkan dapat berakibat penurunan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan manca negara ke Indonesia. Dari hasil pengolahan data dan wawancara, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan fungsi manajemen pada pemberian Visa on Arrival dapat dikatakan telah cukup memadai, namun perlu adanya perbaikan dalam hal profesionalisme pegawai dan peningkatan pemanfaatan data yang dihasilkan.

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This research focuses on the issue of Visa on Arrival management in Indonesia. In line with this, Indonesia government planning a tourism program called Visit Indonesia Year 2008 and also there have been many issues rising given certain serious conditions caused by the Immigration officer that faced the international society directly which attract the public attention. By learning the management of Visa on Arrival hopefully will be known how far Directorate General of Immigration have been proceed the theory of management, in this case the functional of management that separated in to planning,organizing, leading and controlling. The common related issue is about the hospitality from the officer, professionalisme, and number of technology that able to provide their job application. And then to understand the utility of value customers receive by consuming or using the offering of Directorate General of Immigration and how service alone or together with physical goods or other kinds of tangibles contribute to this utility, that is, to understand how total quality is perceived in customer relationship and how it changes offer time; to understand how Directorate General of Immigration (personnel, technology and physical resources, system and customers) will be able to produce and deliver this utility or quality; to understand how Directorate General of Immigration should be developed and managed so that the intended utility or quality is achieved; and to make Directorate General of Immigration function so that this utility or quality is achieved and the objectives of the parties involved."

"Bus arrival time is veryimportant to passengers, not only at the origin terminal but also at everystop. If there is no predicted arrival time at a stop, the headway designedshould match the bus frequency at the stop. The uncertainty in bus arrival timecan hinder the headway from matching the bus frequency at the stops. Moreover,lack of information on the service route and actual arrival times at stopsleads to difficulty for passengers in planning their trips. Observation surveyswere conducted to collect data on the problems of bus arrival frequency anduncertain arrival times at a selected stop with multiple routes during off-peakhours in Putrajaya Malaysia. This paper proposes a method to estimate arrivaltimes at bus stops using the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) andseveral models are proposed to predict arrival times using MATLAB Curve FittingTool. All the proposed models exhibited RMSE close to 0 and R2 closeto 1."

"Bus arrival time is very important to passengers, not only at the origin terminal but also at every stop. If there is no predicted arrival time at a stop, the headway designed should match the bus frequency at the stop. The uncertainty in bus arrival time can hinder the headway from matching the bus frequency at the stops. Moreover, lack of information on the service route and actual arrival times at stops leads to difficulty for passengers in planning their trips. Observation surveys were conducted to collect data on the problems of bus arrival frequency and uncertain arrival times at a selected stop with multiple routes during off-peak hours in Putrajaya Malaysia. This paper proposes a method to estimate arrival times at bus stops using the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and several models are proposed to predict arrival times using MATLAB Curve Fitting Tool. All the proposed models exhibited RMSE close to 0 and R2 close to 1."

"Providing travelers with accurate bus arrival time is an essential need to plan their traveling and reduce long waiting time for buses. In this paper, we proposed a new approach based on a Bayesian mixture model for the prediction. The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) was used as the joint probability density function of the Bayesian network to formulate the conditional probability. Furthermore, the Expectation maximization (EM) Algorithm was also used to estimate the new parameters of the GMM through an iterative method to obtain the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) as a convergence of the algorithm. The performance of the prediction model was tested in the bus lanes in the University of Indonesia. The results show that the model can be a potential model to predict effectively the bus arrival time."

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Tulisan ini menganalisis pengambilan kebijakan militer dalam menanggulangi isu Irregular Maritime Arrival (IMA) di Australia dalam Pemilu Australia tahun 2013. Beberapa kajian terdahulu yang membahas topik ini memberikan gambaran dari sudut pandang sekuritisasi, bahwa telah terjadi proses sekuritisasi isu IMA sehingga penanganan terhadap ancaman IMA membutuhkan intervensi angkatan perang Australia melalui operasi militer di perbatasan. Namun, dalam konteks Pemilu Australia 2013, kajian-kajian terdahulu tersebut belum menjelaskan mengapa isu ini disekuritisasi oleh Koalisi Partai Liberal-Nasional sehingga menghasilkan kebijakan yang koersif dalam penanganan IMA. Dengan menggunakan strands of securitization, tulisan ini menganalisis tujuan apa saja yang ingin dicapai oleh aktor sekuritisasi dari sekuritisasi isu IMA di Australia. Temuan tulisan ini menunjukan bahwa sekuritisasi yang dilakukan sejak masa kampanye hingga periode Pemerintahan Tony Abbot ditujukan untuk mengangkat isu IMA dalam agenda keamanan nasional karena kedaruratan isu ini dan legitimasi atas diambilnya tindakan luar biasa melalui Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB) untuk mengeliminir ancaman dari kedatangan imigran ilegal ke Australia. Melalui OSB, pemerintah juga berharap dapat memunculkan efek penggentaran kepada para pencari suaka yang berpotensi datang secara ilegal ke Australia melalui laut.

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This article analyzes military policy making made by Australian Governmentto tackle the issue of Irregular Maritime Arrival (IMA) in Australia during the Australian Federal Election in 2013. Some of existing studies on the topic illustrate from the point of view of securitization, that IMA issue has been securitized and requires the intervention of the Australian army through millitary operation in the Australian border. However, in the context of the 2013 Australian Federal Elections, these earlier studies have not explained the objectives of securitization resulting in an assertive policy towards IMA. By employing the strands of securitization concept, this paper analyzes what objectives the securitizing actor wants to achieve from the securitization of IMA in Australia. The findings of this paper indicate that the securitization was aimed at raising the issue of illegal immigrants on the national security agenda due to the emergence of this issue and to gain legitimacy of extraordinary measures to eliminate the threat possesed by IMA. This securitization also aimed to create deterrence effect towards the asylum seekers who are planning to go to Australia by boat illegally.

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""Dunia Baru" mendekonststruksi paradigma dari para penjelajah Eropa yang datang ke Karibia, dan ini merupakan ideologi dari para poskolonialis Karibia. Omeros, sebuah epik karya Derek Walcott, dan The Enigma of Arrival, sebuah novel otobiografi karya VS Naipaul, mengangkatnya sebagai upaya membangun identitas dan kontestasi melawan hegemoni kolonial. Masing-masing menerapkan strategi dalam mengadaptasi pandangan-pandangan Eropa sebagai salah satu elemen fiksinya. Namun demikian, keduanya ternyata mengusung berbagai makna ambivalen demi makna-makna yang hendak dikemukakan dalam kaitannya dengan poskolonialitas Karibia. Bagaimana masing-masing mengetengahkan makna-makna dekonstruktif tersebut merupakan fokus dari disertasi ini. Juga, dipaparkan di sini analisis terhadap masing-masing perspektif dalam mengangkat ideologi tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah poskolonial, dan sebagai kajian sastra metodologi yang diterapkan ialah analisis tekstual. Pemahaman dan interpretasi secara kualitatif terhadap teks-teks merupakan hal yang utama dalam mengerjakan kajian di sini. Karena pada dasarnya sastra Karibia ada dalam ranah atau konteks poskolonial, beberapa teks penting lainnya dibahas demi keperluan pembahasan permasalahan-permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam korpus penelitian, Omeros dan The Enigma of Arrival. Dalam hal ini sumbangan pikiran dari Stuart Hall tentang identitas kultural menjadi landasan penting bagi pembahasan berbagai fenomena yang terjadi di Karibia, di samping juga teoriteori mendasar mengenai poskolonialisme itu sendiri. Akhirnya, beberapa temuan sebagai hasil kajian penelitian disertasi ini. Pertama, strategi adaptasi terhadap pandangan Eropa oleh Omeros diterjemahkan ke dalam ide tentang Eden Baru, dan The Enigma of Arrival mengungkapkannya dalam Kebun Jack. Keduanya menjadi representasi cara baru dalam membangun identitas, yang menekankan masa depan karena masa lalu hanya menjadi mitos yang mengganggu dan sekadar memenuhi memori. Kedua, ada beberapa aspek yang dimiliki Eden Baru dan Kebun Jack, yakni perubahan, perbedaan, dan masa depan. Ketiga, bagi Omeros cara menghadapi masa depan ialah berani dan bijak mengadaptasi pandangan Eropa untuk disesuaikan dengan kondisi lokal. Bagi The Enigma of Arrival cara menghadapi masa depan ialah berdiri sejajar dengan dunia Eropa sehingga inferioritas warisan masa lalu tidak menghambat kemajuan.

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"New World" is to deconstruct the paradigm owned by the European explorers of Caribbean. It is the ideology of Caribbean postcolonialists. Omeros, by Derek Walcott, and The Enigma of Arrival, by VS Naipaul, mounted it as an establishment of identity and contestation against the colonial hegemony. Each underwent a strategy, especially in adapting European views as one of its fictious elements. However, they provided ambivalent meanings in order to bring their own messages due to Caribbean post coloniality. How each of them deconstructed those views is the focus of this dissertation. It also analysed the perspective of each in uplifting the ideology.

The approach applied was postcolonial and as a literary study the methodology of this dissertation was textual analysis. Qualitatively understanding and interpreting the texts were the main conduct to undergo the study. Since the Caribbean literature belongs to the realm of postcolonial context, several important texts were worth discussing in order to analyze the problems found in the main corpus of study, Omeros and The Enigma of Arrival. Stuart Hall's notions on cultural identity was an important basis in providing any concepts dealing the Caribbean phenomena, besides also several significant theories about postcolonialism.

Finally, there are some findings in the dissertation. First, the strategy of adapting European views in Omeros provided a notion of New Eden and in The Enigma of Arrival a notion of "Jack’s Garden." Both represented a new way of establishing identity, in which the emphasis was mainly on the future life because the past stood as the myth which burdened with only memories. Secondly, some aspects of both New Eden and Jack’s Garden were change, difference, and future. Thirdly, for Omeros the way of facing the future was by adapting it into the local conducts, and not by imitating European views. Meanwhile, for The Enigma of Arrival the way of facing the future was to stand as high as Europe in order to abolish inferiority given by the past."

"Visa merupakan sebuah instrumen untuk menyaring orang asing yang akan masuk ke suatu negara dan sebagai bentuk pengendalian migrasi. Jika sebelumnya Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan bebas visa kunjungan terhadap 169 negara maka baru-baru ini pemerintah mengkaji ulang hal tersebut dan kembali menerapkan kebijakan visa on arrival dengan menambah daftar negara subjek penerima fasilitas tersebut. Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji implementasi kebijakan migrasi melalui Visa on Arrival terhadap WNA dan dampaknya terhadap keamanan di TPI Bandara Soekarno-Hatta. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi pustaka dengan dilengkapi data-data empiris. Hasil penelitian adalah kebijakan visa on arrival memang mampu membantu pemulihan ekonomi nasional dengan warga negara asing yang datang dan membayar biaya PNBP sebagai biaya yang dibebankan bagi pengguna Visa On Arrival, namun dalam implementasi dan dampaknya masih ditemukan ancaman terhadap keamanan nasional, dan fungsi keamanan yang dianut oleh keimigrasian belum optimal sehingga kasus pelanggaran keimigrasian dan bahkan kejahatan pidana masih terjadi. Peneliti menyarankan penelitian ini bisa dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk kebijakan visa selanjutnya agar tetap mempertimbangkan aspek keamanan nasional dan tidak hanya fungsi pembangunan kesejahteraan masyarakat atau pendapatan terhadap negara saja.

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Visa is an instrument to filter foreigners who will enter a country and as a form of migration control. If previously Indonesia implemented a visa-free visit policy for 169 countries, recently the government has reviewed this and re-implemented the visa on arrival policy by adding to the list of countries subject to receiving the facility. This study aims to examine the implementation of the migration policy through Visa on Arrival for foreign nationals and its impact on security at the Soekarno-Hatta Airport TPI. This study is qualitative using a literature study equipped with empirical data. The results of the study are that the visa on arrival policy is indeed able to help restore the national economy with foreign nationals who come and pay PNBP fees as fees charged to Visa On Arrival users, but in its implementation and impact, threats to national security are still found, and the security function adopted by immigration is not optimal so that cases of immigration violations and even criminal crimes still occur. The researcher suggests that this study can be used as a consideration for the next visa policy so that it continues to consider aspects of national security and not only the function of developing community welfare or income for the country."