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"Stem Cell Labeling for Delivery and Tracking Using Noninvasive Imaging provides a comprehensive overview of cell therapy imaging, ranging from the basic biology of cell therapeutic choices to the preclinical and clinical applications of cell therapy. It emphasizes the use of medical imaging for therapeutic delivery/​targeting, cell tracking, and determining therapeutic efficacy. The book first presents background information and insight on the major classes of stem and progenitor cells. It then describes the main imaging modalities and state-of-the-art techniques that are currently employed for stem cell tracking. In the final chapters, leading scholars offer clinical perspectives on existing and potential uses of stem cells as well as the impact of image-guided delivery and tracking in major organ systems. Through clear descriptions and color images, this volume illustrates how noninvasive imaging is used to track stem cells as they repair damaged tissue in the body. With contributions from some of the most prominent preclinical and clinical researchers in the field, the book helps readers to understand the evolving concepts of stem cell labeling and tracking as the field continues to move forward."

"Advances in stem cell research discusses recent advances in stem cell science, including therapeutic applications. This volume covers such topics as biomanufacturing iPS cells for therapeutic applications, techniques for controlling stem cell fate decisions, as well as current basic research in such areas as germ line stem cells, genomics and proteomics in stem cell research. "

"This volume aims to cover important aspects of the various facets of organ transplantation and regenerative medicine."

"In recent years, cancer stem cells have been recognized as important component in carcinogenesis and they seem to form the basis of many (if not all) tumor types. Cancer stem cells or "cancer cell like stem cells" have been isolated from various cancers of different origin (blood, breast, brain, skin, head and neck, thyroid, cervix, lung, retina, colon, pancreas and so on). Cancer stem cells - rare cells with indefinite proliferative potential that drive the formation and growth of tumours- seem to show intriguing relationships with physiological stem cells. Specifically, these cancer cells show significant similarities in the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal of normal stem cells. Moreover, tumour cells might directly arise from normal stem cells. Further, the cellular biology of cancer stem cells show a lot of similarities with normal stem cells."

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Latar Belakang : Osteoartritis lutut merupakan artritis tersering menyebabkan disabilitas. MagneticResonance Imaging (MRI) adalah modalitas pilihan untuk evaluasi struktur intraartikular terutama kartilago. Pengukuran nilai waktu relaksasi T2 pada sekuen T2 mapmendeteksi penurunan proteoglikan dan perubahan awal biokimia kartilago pada osteoartritis, namun pemeriksaan ini membutuhkan perangkat lunak. Sistem semi kuantitatif MagneticResonance Imaging Osteoartritis Knee Score (MOAKS) dapat mengevaluasi tujuh aspek lutut pada osteoartritis dengan menggunakan protokol rutin MRI. Terapi sel punca mesenkimal asal tali pusat meregenerasi kartilago dan menghambat proses inflamasi pada osteoartritis lutut.  Tujuan :  Mengetahui korelasi nilai waktu relaksasi T2 dan nilai skor MOAKS pada osteoartritis pra dan pasca terapi implantasi sel punca Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan data sekunder pada osteoartritis lutut derajat Kellgren Lawrence satu hingga empat. Sampel penelitian adalah 63 lutut pra dan 47 lutut pasca implantasi sel punca. Menganalisis nilai MOAKS dengan sekuens proton density (PD), T2 fat saturated, T1W dan T1 fat saturated pada 14 subregio lutut.  Pengukuran nilai relaksasi T2 dengan sekuens T2 map pada 12 subregio lutut.  Hasil : Korelasi sedang antara nilai waktu relaksasi T2 dan nilai MOAKS pra sel punca (Ï? : 0,4, p: 0,001) dan korelasi lemah (Ï?: 0,22, p: 0,142) `pasca terapi sel punca. Korelasi kuat pada derajat osteoartritis Kellgren Lawrence dan nilai MOAKS pada pra (Ï?: 0,68, p: 0,000)  dan pasca terapi sel punca (Ï?: 0,71, p: 0,000).Simpulan: Sistem semi kuantitatifMOAKS dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis osteoartritis tapi tidak untuk evaluasi pasca terapi. Kellgren Lawrence berpotensi memprediksi lesi intraartikular.

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Background : Knee osteoarthritis is the leading cause of dysability.  MRI is the modality of choice for evaluating intra- articular structure, specifically cartilage in osteoarthritis. T2 Relaxation time of T2 maps sequence can detect decrease of proteoglycan and early biochemical changes in osteoarthritic cartilage, but it needs special software. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Osteoartritis Knee Score (MOAKS), a semiquantitative system can evaluate seven aspects of osteoarthritic knee with routine protocol sequence. Mesenchymal stem cell from umbilical cord can  regenerate cartilage and inhibit inflammation process. Objective : ToDetermine the correlation between MOAKS and T2 relaxation time of knee osteoarthritis before and  after implantation of stem cell . Methods : This study used cross sectional design with secondary data on knee osteoartrthritis classified as Kellgren Lawrence grade one to four.  The study included 63 knees before and 47 knees after implantation of stem cell. MOAKS was analized  with proton density (PD), T2 fat saturated, T1W dan T1 fat saturated sequence on 14 sub-region and T2 relaxation time was calculated with T2 map sequens on 12 sub-region. Result : We foundModerate correlation between MOAKS and T2 relaxation time of knee osteoarthritis before implantation (Ï? :0,4, p :0,001). and weak corellation after implantation of stem cell (Ï?: 0,22, p: 0,142). We also found strong corellation between  Kellgren Lawrence grading of osteoarthritis and MOAKS before (Ï?: 0,68, p: 0,000)  and after implantation of stem cell (Ï?: 0,71, p: 0,000). Conclusion :MOAKS, asemiquantitative system can be used  to diaognose osteoarthritis but not reliable for post treatment evalution. Kellgren Lawrence grading has potential to predict intra articular lesion. 

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"Pengembangan pengobatan regeneratif berbasis sel punca banyak dikembangkan karena sel tersebut dapat memproduksi Sekretom. Mayoritas produk berbasis sel dan gen yang telah dijual berbentuk sediaan injeksi rute parenteral yang memiliki berbagai kekurangan sehingga diperlukan rute alternatif seperti rute indtradermal dengan bentuk sediaan Microneedle yang dapat menembus penghalang stratum corneum. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan sediaan dissolving microneedle (DMN) untuk penghantaran sekretom dari sel punca mesenkimal dan dilakukan evaluasi secara in vitro, ex vivo dan in vivo sebagai salah satu alternatif terapi regeneratif. DMN dibuat menggunakan metode two-step casting dan tersusun dari dua kombinasi polimer yakni Poli(vinil pirolidon) (PVP) dengan Poli(vinil alkohol) (PVA) dan PVP dengan sodium hialuronat (SH). Evaluasi morfologi, kekuatan mekanis, pelarutan sediaan, kandungan protein dalam sediaan, permeasi, iritasi kulit dan stabilitas dilakukan pada DMN yang telah dibuat. Pada evaluasi morfologi dan kekuatan mekanis diperoleh 2 formula yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan dapat larut dalam waktu kurang dari 10 menit pada kulit porcine. Pada uji kandungan protein kedua formula diketahui bahwa F12 (kombinasi eksipien PVP-SH) mengandung protein lebih banyak daripada F5 (kombinasi PVP-PVA). F5 dapat menghantarkan protein sebesar 100,84% ± 0,88 dan F12 sebesar 99,63% ± 9,21 dalam 24 jam berdasarkan uji permeasi secara in vitro. Selama 4 hari pengamatan uji iritasi kulit tikus Sprague-Drawley, terlihat tidak adanya tanda iritasi seperti edema dan kemerahan setelah aplikasi kedua formula. Berdasarkan uji stabilitas selama 14 hari, terdapat penurunan kemampuan mekanis yang diketahui dari uji kompresi. Kombinasi eksipien PVP-PVA dan PVP-SH dapat membentuk sediaan DMN tidak menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit dan dapat menghantarkan sekretom.

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Development of regenerative therapy based on stem cells is being developed since these cells can produce Secretome. Majority of marketed cellular and gen therapy products are parenteral injectable dosage forms, leading to several limitations that required alternative route such as intradermal route with Microneedle as dosage form which penetrates stratum corneum barrier. This research focused on the development of dissolving microneedles (DMN) for secretome mesenchymal stem cell delivery and have been evaluated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models as an alternative for regenerative therapy. DMN was made by two-step casting method and composed of two polymer combinations: Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and PVP with sodium hyalrunate (SH). Morphology, mechanical strength, dossage dissolution, protein content in dossage form, permeation, skin irritation, and stability evaluation were carried out on the DMN. On morphology and mechanical strength evalation, 2 formulas met the acceptance criteria and dissolved less than 10 minutes in porcine skin. Evaluation of protein content showed that F12 (combination of PVP-SH) have higher protein content than F5 (combination of PVP-PVA). F5 could deliver protein by 100.84% ± 0.88, while F12 by 99.63% ± 9.21 in 24 hours based on in vitro permeation study. After 4 days observation on Sprague-Drawley rat’s skin, there were no signs of irritation such as edema and redness after application of both formulas. Based on stability study after 14 days, mechanical strength of both formulas showed a decline as determined by compression. Combinations of PVP-PVA and PVP-SH were safe to be used as excipients of DMN secretome delivery."

"This book clearly demonstrates the progression of nanoparticle therapeutics from basic research to applications. This book, unlike others covering nanoparticles used in medical applications, presents the medical challenges that can be reduced or even overcome by recent advances in nanoscale drug delivery. Each chapter highlights recent progress in the design and engineering of select multifunctional nanoparticles with topics covering targeting, imaging, delivery, diagnostics, and therapy."

"Triclustering merupakan salah satu teknik data mining yang bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan data berbentuk tiga dimensi secara simultan. Salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan dalam triclustering adalah pendekatan pattern-based, contohnya Timesvector. Metode timesvector dirancang khusus untuk pengelompokan data deret waktu tiga dimensi yang bertujuan menangkap pola ekspresi gen yang sama atau berbeda antara dua atau lebih kondisi eksperimen. Implementasi metode timesvector dilakukan pada data ekspresi gen human embryonic stem cell (H1-hESC) yang diberi protein morfogenetik tulang (BMP4) dan dikondisikan di dalam ruang dengan tingkat oksigen 4% dan 20, serta diamati pada 6 titik waktu berbeda selama 120 jam. Triclustering dilakukan dengan lima skenario menggunakan cluster sejumlah 257 dan threshold yang berbeda. Berdasarkan skenario tersebut, metode timesvector menghasilkan skenario terbaik pada skenario dengan threshold 1,5 yang menggunakan validasi berdasarkan nilai coverage. Berdasarkan hasil skenario terbaik, dihasilkan 9 pola DEP, 24 pola ODEP, dan 37 pola SEP dan dari pola tersebut dilakukan analisis Gene Ontology (GO) untuk mengukur kualitas tricluster dalam penggambaran konsep GO. Analisis GO menggunakan Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools untuk menghitung nilai p-value. Pada analisis GO dipilih p-value terkecil pada pola DEP, ODEP, dan SEP sebagai tricluster terbaik, yaitu DEP pada tricluster ke 8, ODEP pada tricluster ke-1, dan SEP pada tricluster ke-26. Berdasarkan tricluster terbaik pada pola DEP dan ODEP dapat dikatakan bahwa kondisi oksigen tingkat fisiologis 4 % dan tingkat atmosfer 20 % memiliki perbedaan dalam mengidentifikasi gen kandidat pada H1-hESC yang mampu berdiferensiasi menjadi trofoblas, sedangkan SEP tidak memiliki perbedaan dalam mengidentifikasi gen kandidat pada H1-hESC dengan dua kondisi berbeda.

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Triclustering is one of the data mining techniques that aims to cluster three-dimensional data simultaneously. One of the approaches used in triclustering is a pattern-based approach, such as Timesvector. The timesvector method is specifically designed for clustering three-dimensional time series data that aims to capture gene expression patterns that are the same or different between two or more experimental conditions. The implementation of the timesvector method was performed on human embryonic stem cell (H1-hESC) gene expression data treated with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP4) and conditioned in a chamber with 4% and 20 oxygen levels and observed at 6 different time points for 120 hours. Triclustering was performed with five scenarios using 257 clusters and different thresholds. Based on these scenarios, the timesvector method produces the best scenario in the scenario with a threshold of 1.5 which uses validation based on the coverage value. Based on the results of the best scenario, 9 DEP patterns, 24 ODEP patterns, and 37 SEP patterns were generated from these patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was carried out to measure the quality of the tricluster in describing the GO concept. GO analysis uses Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools to calculate the p-value. In the GO analysis, the smallest p value in the DEP, ODEP, and SEP patterns was selected as the best tricluster, namely DEP in the 8th tricluster, ODEP in the 1st tricluster, and SEP in the 26th tricluster. Based on the best tricluster in the DEP and ODEP patterns, it can be said that the oxygen conditions of 4% physiological level and 20% atmospheric level have differences in identifying candidate genes in H1-hESC that are able to differentiate into trophoblasts, while SEP has no difference in identifying candidate genes in H1-hESC with two different conditions."