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"A comprehensive and accessible 2004 textbook on syntactic analysis, working within the 'Lexical Functional Grammar' framework."

"Morphology and lexical semantics explores the meanings ofmorphemes and how they combine to form the meanings of complex words, including derived words (writer, unionize), compounds (dog bed, truck driver), and words formed by conversion. Rochelle Lieber discusses the lexical semantics of word formation in a systematic way, allowing the reader to explore the nature of affixal polysemy, the reasons why there are multiple affixes with the same function, and the issues of mismatch between formand meaning in word formation. Using a series of case studies fromEnglish, this book develops and justifies the theoretical apparatus necessary for raising and answering many questions about the semantics of word formation. Distinguishing between a lexical semantic skeleton that is featural and hierarchically organized, and a lexical semantic body that is holistic, it shows how the semantics of word formation has a paradigmatic character."

"For decades, generative linguistics has said little about the differences betweenverbs, nouns, and adjectives. This book seeks to fill this theoretical gap by presenting simple and substantive syntactic definitions of these three lexical categories. Mark C. Baker claims that the various superficial differences found in particular languages have a single underlying source which can be used to give better characterizations of these “parts of speech.” These new definitions are supported by data from languages from every continent, including English, Italian, Japanese, Edo, Mohawk, Chichewa, Quechua, Choctaw, Nahuatl, Mapuche, and several Austronesian and Australian languages. Baker argues for a formal, syntax-oriented, and universal approach to the parts of speech, as opposed to the functionalist, semantic, and relativist approaches that have dominated the fewpreviousworks on this subject. "

"Analyzing syntax: a lexical-functional approach is a comprehensive and accessible textbook on syntactic analysis, designed for students of linguistics at advanced undergraduate or graduate level.Working within the ‘Lexical Functional Grammar’(LFG) approach, it provides students with a framework for analyzing and describing grammatical structure, using extensive examples from both European and non- European languages. As well as building on what linguists have learned about language in general, particular attention is paid to the unique features of individual languages. While its primary focus is on syntactic structure, the book also deals with aspects of meaning, function, and word structure that are directly relevant to syntax. Clearly organized into topics, this textbook is ideal for one-semester courses in syntax and grammatical analysis."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas analisis ketidaksesuaian makna interjeksi dalam komikQ-R-T: der neue Nachbar dengan makna dalam tiga kamus bahasa Jerman, yaituWahrig, Langenscheidt, dan Duden. Terdapat 12 dari 74 macam interjeksi yangmaknanya tidak sesuai dengan makna dalam kamus. Penelitian ini menggunakanpenelitian kepustakaan dan berfokus pada makna semantik, konteks pragmatik,Rechtschreibregeln dan unsur suprasegmental. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkaninterjeksi-interjeksi dalam komik ini yang dalam penerapannya tidak sesuai denganmakna dalam kamus.

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ABSTRACTThis undergraduate thesis discusses the unsuitability of interjections meaning ina comic titled Q-R-T: Der Neue Nachbar by Ferdinand in accordance with threemajor German dictionary, they are Wahrig, Langenscheidt, and Duden. There are 12of the 74 kinds of interjections that their meaning are not identical with their writtenmeanings in the dictionary. This analysis uses the literature research, and focuses onthe semantic meaning, pragmatic context, spelling rules and suprasegmental. Theresult shows some interjections that are used in this comic, in their practice, havedifferent meanings with major German dictionary."

"Eksistensi kelompok remaja turut mendukung perkembangan bahasa dalam ragam bahasa remaja yang disebut dengan Jugendsprache. Mereka menghancurkan batasan-batasan terhadap aturan tata bahasa untuk menunjukkan jati dirinya dalam lingkungan sosial. Ciri khas yang menonjol dari bahasa remaja adalah keunikan kosakatanya yang dalam bahasa Jerman disebut dengan Jugendwort. Jugendwort yang digunakan dapat berupa penggunaan kembali kata yang sudah kuno, modifikasi kata yang sudah ada, adopsi kosakata dari bahasa asing, atau pun pembentukan kata dengan makna yang baru. Keunikan kosakata tersebut memiliki karakteristik tertentu yang dapat dianalisis secara morfosintaksis dan leksikal. Topik yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana karakteristik morfosintaksis dan leksikal bahasa remaja pada Jugendwort 2017, 2018, dan 2020 di Twitter yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan ciri-ciri bahasa remaja di Twitter dalam tweet yang mengandung kata “I bims, Ehrenmann/Ehrenfrau, dan lost”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka dan analisis teks. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan I bims yang merupakan Jugendwort 2017 dapat membentuk makna Ich bin atau Ich bin es yang dapat dikenali dari struktur morfosintaksisnya. Sementara itu, kata Ehrenmann sebagai Jugendwort 2018 merupakan fenomena Bedeutungverschiebungen (pergeseran makna) dan kata lost sebagai Jugendwort 2020 tidak mengalami perubahan makna.

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Youth's existence supports the growth of youth language or also known as Jugendsprache. They passed the limits of german grammatical rules in order to show their identity inside their social environment. A characteristic of youth language is its unique vocabulary that's known as Jugendwort in German. The Jugendwort used by youth could be archaic words, modified commonly used words, adopted foreign vocabulary or even new words with new meanings. This unique vocabulary could be analyzed morphosyntactically and lexically. The topic of this research is to analyze the morphosyntax and lexical characteristics of Jugendwort in 2017, 2018 and 2020 on Twitter, which is aimed to explain the characteristics of youth language in tweets that contained the following words, "I bims, Ehrenmann/Ehrenfrau, and lost". This research was conducted through qualitative method with literature review and text analysis approaches. The results showed that the usage of the word I bims as Jugendwort 2017 could form the meaning of Ich bin or Ich bin es that could be recognized from its morphosyntactic structure. Meanwhile, the word Ehrenmann as Jugendwort 2018 is a phenomenon of Bedeutungverschiebungen (meaning shift), and the word lost as Jugendwort 2020 had no change in meaning. "